Minimum bias measurement at 13 TeV

The modelling of Minimum Bias (MB) is a crucial ingredient to learn about the description of soft QCD processes and to simulate the environment at the LHC with many concurrent pp interactions (pile-up). We summarise the ATLAS minimum bias measurements with proton-proton collision at 13 TeV center-of-mass-energy at the Large Hadron Collider

Additional file 4: Table S4. of Construction of a dense genetic linkage map and mapping quantitative trait loci for economic traits of a doubled haploid population of Pyropia haitanensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

The bin markers located on the five linkage groups and their genetic distances. (XLSX 25 kb

Expression profiles of differentially expressed genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in the <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i> transcriptome.

<p>1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 in the X-axis of different expression diagram represent 0_VS_3h, 0_VS_6h, 0_VS_12h, 0_VS_24h, 0_VS_2d, 0_VS_4d, 0_VS_6d.</p

The crosstalk of different functional metabolic and signal transduction pathways that are involved in high temperature tolerance of <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i>.

<p>Red arrows indicate upregulation, green arrows indicate downregulation.</p

Histogram presentation of clusters of orthologous groups (COG) classification of assembled unigenes mapped from contigs of the <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i> transcriptome.

<p>Histogram presentation of clusters of orthologous groups (COG) classification of assembled unigenes mapped from contigs of the <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i> transcriptome.</p

Numbers of differentially expressed unigenes in each comparison.

<p>The numbers on each column show the quantity of up- (blue) and down- (yellow) regulated unigenes.</p

Enrichment of differentially expressed photosynthesis-related genes in various comparison groups.

<p>‘+’ represents upregulation, and ‘-’ represents upregulation. The numbers between the parentheses represent the total number of upregulated and downregulated genes in the corresponding pathway, respectively.</p

Summary of the <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i> transcriptome.

<p>Summary of the <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i> transcriptome.</p

Gene Ontology (GO) classification of assembled unigenes mapped from contigs of the <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i> transcriptome.

<p>Gene Ontology (GO) classification of assembled unigenes mapped from contigs of the <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i> transcriptome.</p

Transcriptomic study to understand thermal adaptation in a high temperature-tolerant strain of <i>Pyropia haitanensis</i>

<div><p><i>Pyropia haitanensis</i>, a high-yield commercial seaweed in China, is currently undergoing increasing levels of high-temperature stress due to gradual global warming. The mechanisms of plant responses to high temperature stress vary with not only plant type but also the degree and duration of high temperature. To understand the mechanism underlying thermal tolerance in <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i>, gene expression and regulation in response to short- and long-term temperature stresses (SHS and LHS) was investigated by performing genome-wide high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing for a high temperature tolerant strain (HTT). A total of 14,164 differential expression genes were identified to be high temperature-responsive in at least one time point by high-temperature treatment, representing 41.10% of the total number of unigenes. The present data indicated a decrease in the photosynthetic and energy metabolic rates in HTT to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, which in turn facilitated in the rapid establishment of acclimatory homeostasis in its transcriptome during SHS. On the other hand, an increase in energy consumption and antioxidant substance activity was observed with LHS, which apparently facilitates in the development of resistance against severe oxidative stress. Meanwhile, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, brassinosteroids, and heat shock proteins also play a vital role in HTT. The effects of SHS and LHS on the mechanism of HTT to resist heat stress were relatively different. The findings may facilitate further studies on gene discovery and the molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance in <i>P</i>. <i>haitanensis</i>, as well as allow improvement of breeding schemes for high temperature-tolerant macroalgae that can resist global warming.</p></div