A computer solution for the dynamic load, lubricant film thickness and surface temperatures in spiral bevel gears

A complete analysis of spiral bevel gear sets is presented. The gear profile is described by the movements of the cutting tools. The contact patterns of the rigid body gears are investigated. The tooth dynamic force is studied by combining the effects of variable teeth meshing stiffness, speed, damping, and bearing stiffness. The lubrication performance is also accomplished by including the effects of the lubricant viscosity, ambient temperature, and gear speed. A set of numerical results is also presented

A computer solution for the dynamic load, lubricant film thickness, and surface temperatures in spiral-bevel gears

A computer method for determining the dynamic load between spiral bevel pinion and gear teeth contact along the path of contact is described. The dynamic load analysis governs both the surface temperature and film thickness. Computer methods for determining the surface temperature, and film thickness are presented along with results obtained for a pair of typical spiral bevel gears

Power Cylinder System for Internal Combustion Engines

Piston ring pack is one of the most critical components for engine performance, durability, and emission. It has become a decisive factor for engine life. From previous study, a three‐dimensional ring model has been developed using finite element method to study the interactions between the ring‐cylinder liner and the ring‐groove side interfaces. The ring‐cylinder and ring‐groove side contacts are modeled using finite element method based on penalty method optimization algorithm. Ring deformation, reaction forces at the ring sides and ring face, and the twist angles along the entire ring circumference are obtained from the model. However, the dynamic behavior of the ring is still less understood. In this study, the dynamic response of the ring over an engine cycle is studied for a second compression ring with a non‐symmetric cross section

Synthesis of LiFePO4/C Cathode Nanomaterials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used for many years. The wide application covers such as smart phones, laptops, digital cameras, MP3 players, and electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries have become the most important energy storage device in the future. For lithium-ion batteries, the performance of the cathode materials is one of the most important factors. In recent years, the cathode materials have been widely studied including LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4 and phosphate etc. Among the olivine structure cathode materials, the LiFePO4 (LFP) displays an excellent electrochemical activity and a chemical stability which ensure a high safety. In order to better improve the battery performance, a thorough understanding of phase transformation during the charge/discharge in real time poses a critical issue on this promising battery. Here we applied a template-assisted CVD method to synthesize LFP nanomaterials. In this experiment, we aim to synthesize nano-sized hollow sphere LFP/C structure. LiC2H3O2·2H2O (Sigma-Aldrich), Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (Sigma-Aldrich), H3PO4 (Sigma-Aldrich) are used as the reactants. Colloidal silica (Nissan Chemical) is used as the nano-sized sphere template. The sucrose (Sigma-Aldrich) is used as the source of the carbon. The collison nebulizer (BGI) is used to spray the aqueous solution as liquid drop state into the tube furnace. Under the argon flow, black powders are collected using the filter holder (VWR). After annealing, LFP is collected. Then removing the SiO2 template is an important step. A variety of characterizations (XRD, SEM, TEM), electrochemical measurements and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) have been used to test the cathode materials