35 research outputs found

    First Constraints on Source Counts at 350 Microns

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    We have imaged a ∌\sim6 arcminute2^2 region in the Bo\"otes Deep Field using the 350 ÎŒ\mum-optimised second generation Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera (SHARC II), achieving a peak 1σ\sigma sensitivity of ∌\sim5 mJy. We detect three sources above 3σ\sigma, and determine a spurious source detection rate of 1.09 in our maps. In the absence of 5σ5\sigma detections, we rely on deep 24 ÎŒ\mum and 20 cm imaging to deduce which sources are most likely to be genuine, giving two real sources. From this we derive an integral source count of 0.84−0.61+1.39^{+1.39}_{-0.61} sources arcmin−2^{-2} at S>13S>13 mJy, which is consistent with 350 ÎŒ\mum source count models that have an IR-luminous galaxy population evolving with redshift. We use these constraints to consider the future for ground-based short-submillimetre surveys.Comment: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

    The first ISO ERO: a dusty quasar at z = 1.5

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    We report the discovery of an extremely red object (ERO) in a medium-deep ISOCAM extragalactic survey. The object is also a radio source. Subsequent VLT NIR spectroscopy revealed a prominent Halpha line giving a redshift of 1.5. We present the spectrum and photometric data points and discuss evidence that ISO J1324-2016 is a quasar harbouring a significant amount of very hot dust.Comment: 5 pages, including 5 figures, A&A accepte

    Stellar Evolutionary Effects on the Abundances of PAH and SN-Condensed Dust in Galaxies

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    Spectral and photometric observations of nearby galaxies show a correlation between the strength of their mid-IR aromatic features, attributed to PAH molecules, and their metal abundance, leading to a deficiency of these features in low-metallicity galaxies. In this paper, we suggest that the observed correlation represents a trend of PAH abundance with galactic age, reflecting the delayed injection of carbon dust into the ISM by AGB stars in the final post-AGB phase of their evolution. AGB stars are the primary sources of PAHs and carbon dust in galaxies, and recycle their ejecta back to the interstellar medium only after a few hundred million years of evolution on the main sequence. In contrast, more massive stars that explode as Type II supernovae inject their metals and dust almost instantaneously after their formation. We first determined the PAH abundance in galaxies by constructing detailed models of UV-to-radio SED of galaxies that estimate the contribution of dust in PAH-free HII regions, and PAHs and dust from photodissociation regions, to the IR emission. All model components: the galaxies' stellar content, properties of their HII regions, and their ionizing and non-ionizing radiation fields and dust abundances, are constrained by their observed multiwavelength spectrum. After determining the PAH and dust abundances in 35 nearby galaxies using our SED model, we use a chemical evolution model to show that the delayed injection of carbon dust by AGB stars provides a natural explanation to the dependence of the PAH content in galaxies with metallicity. We also show that larger dust particles giving rise to the far-IR emission follow a distinct evolutionary trend closely related to the injection of dust by massive stars into the ISM.Comment: ApJ, 69 pages, 46 figures, Accepte

    ISOCAM Mid-InfraRed Detection of HR 10: A Distant Clone of Arp 220 at z=1.44

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    We report the detection of the extremely red object (ERO), HR 10 (I-K= 6.5, z=1.44), at 4.9 and 6.1 microns (rest-frame) with ISOCAM, the mid-infrared (MIR) camera onboard the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). HR 10 is the first ERO spectroscopically identified to be associated with an ultra-luminous IR galaxy (ULIG) detected in the radio, MIR and sub-millimeter. The rest-frame spectral energy distribution (SED) of HR 10 is amazingly similar to the one of Arp 220, scaled by a factor 3.8+/-1.3. The corresponding 8-1000 microns luminosity (~ 7x10^12 h70^{-2} Lsol) translates into a star formation rate of about 1200 h70^{-2} Msol/yr if HR 10 is mostly powered by star formation. We address the key issue of the origin of the powerful luminosity of HR 10, i.e. starburst versus active galactic nucleus (AGN), by using the similarity with its closeby clone, Arp 220.Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letter (4 pages, 2 figures

    Detection chain and electronic readout of the QUBIC instrument

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    The Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) Technical Demonstrator (TD) aiming to shows the feasibility of the combination of interferometry and bolometric detection. The electronic readout system is based on an array of 128 NbSi Transition Edge Sensors cooled at 350mK readout with 128 SQUIDs at 1K controlled and amplified by an Application Specific Integrated Circuit at 40K. This readout design allows a 128:1 Time Domain Multiplexing. We report the design and the performance of the detection chain in this paper. The technological demonstrator unwent a campaign of test in the lab. Evaluation of the QUBIC bolometers and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the Noise Equivalent Power. Currently the mean Noise Equivalent Power is ~ 2 x 10⁻Âč⁶ W/√Hz

    Detection chain and electronic readout of the QUBIC instrument

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    The Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) Technical Demonstrator (TD) aiming to shows the feasibility of the combination of interferometry and bolometric detection. The electronic readout system is based on an array of 128 NbSi Transition Edge Sensors cooled at 350mK readout with 128 SQUIDs at 1K controlled and amplified by an Application Specific Integrated Circuit at 40K. This readout design allows a 128:1 Time Domain Multiplexing. We report the design and the performance of the detection chain in this paper. The technological demonstrator unwent a campaign of test in the lab. Evaluation of the QUBIC bolometers and readout electronics includes the measurement of I-V curves, time constant and the Noise Equivalent Power. Currently the mean Noise Equivalent Power is ~ 2 x 10⁻Âč⁶ W/√Hz

    Simulations and performance of the QUBIC optical beam combiner

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    QUBIC, the Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology, is a novel ground-based instrument that aims to measure the extremely faint B-mode polarisation anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background at intermediate angular scales (multipoles o

    Etude multi longueurs d'ondes des galaxies normales et à flambées d'étoiles de l'univers local

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    PARIS7-BibliothĂšque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    En Commun ! Éloge des institutions partagĂ©es

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    EAN : 9782356879417.Avec les articles de : Michel Bauwens, François Bordes, Benoit Borrits, Philippe Chanial, Pierre CrĂ©tois, Pierre Dardot, Marion Fourcade, Jean-Marc Ghitti, Edouard Jourdain, Laurence Kaufmann, Daniel N. Kluttz, Serge Latouche, Christian Laval, Guillaume le Blanc, Paulo Henrique Martins, Thomas Perroud, Christophe Petit, Pierre SauvĂȘtre, FrĂ©dĂ©ric Vanderberghe.Chacun connaĂźt cette scĂšne originaire qui ouvre la seconde partie du cĂ©lĂšbre Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’inĂ©galitĂ© parmi les hommes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : « Le premier qui, ayant enclos un terrain, s’avisa de dire : Ceci est Ă  moi, et trouva des gens assez simples pour le croire, fut le vrai fondateur de la sociĂ©tĂ© civile. Que de crimes, de guerres, de meurtres, que de misĂšres et d’horreurs n’eĂ»t point Ă©pargnĂ©s au genre humain celui qui, arrachant les pieux ou comblant le fossĂ©, eĂ»t criĂ© Ă  ses semblables : Gardez-vous d’écouter cet imposteur ; vous ĂȘtes perdus, si vous oubliez que les fruits sont Ă  tous, et que la terre n’est Ă  personne. »DĂ©nonçant le « Ceci est Ă  moi » du premier planteur de pieux, Rousseau dessinait, en creux, la sociĂ©tĂ© telle qu’elle devrait ĂȘtre : « Ceci est Ă  nous. » Il nous rappelait ainsi, Ă  travers cette fable, combien l’histoire humaine est contingente et ouverte Ă  d’autres possibles. Parmi ces possibles s’affirme aujourd’hui un nouveau paradigme au sein duquel cherchent Ă  se penser une dĂ©mocratisation de la sociĂ©tĂ© et un dĂ©passement des dĂ©sordres et des hiĂ©rarchies imposĂ©s par le capitalisme : le paradigme des « communs ».Les communs dĂ©signent une forme immĂ©moriale de conception de la propriĂ©tĂ©, largement rĂ©pandue, notamment jusqu’à la fin du Moyen Âge, lorsque, dans les campagnes, l’organisation coutumiĂšre des usages de la nature – pĂąturages, Ă©tangs, forĂȘts – primait sur la notion de propriĂ©tĂ©. L’histoire rejoignant la fable, ces modes d’accĂšs aux ressources dĂ©clinĂšrent Ă  mesure que s’imposĂšrent les fameuses « enclosures » dĂ©crites par Marx, ces « dĂ©crets d’expropriation du peuple » au moyen desquels « les propriĂ©taires fonciers se font eux-mĂȘmes cadeau des biens communaux ».Face Ă  l’hĂ©gĂ©monie du rĂ©gime propriĂ©tariste, radicalisĂ©e par les nouvelles enclosures promues par les politiques de privatisation et de marchandisation nĂ©o-libĂ©rales, l’originalitĂ© du paradigme du commun est de dĂ©passer les dichotomies classiques opposant propriĂ©tĂ© privĂ©e et propriĂ©tĂ© publique, rĂ©gulation marchande ou Ă©tatique, ainsi que les formes de domination qui rĂ©sultent de l’appropriation des ressources naturelles et des moyens de production. Comme le montrent de multiples expĂ©riences contemporaines, et notamment les travaux du prix Nobel d’économie, Elinor Orstrom, partout dans le monde, des communautĂ©s sont capables d’organiser durablement des « rĂšgles d’usage » afin de garantir Ă  la fois la survie des habitants et la prĂ©servation d’un rĂ©servoir de ressources pour les gĂ©nĂ©rations suivantes. C’est ce paradigme alternatif et ces expĂ©riences foisonnantes que ce numĂ©ro propose d’interroger, tant pour en souligner la richesse que les conflits qu’ils suscitent. En effet, trĂšs polysĂ©miques, le ou les « communs » constituent l’un de ces concepts essentiellement contestĂ©s dont le milieu militant s’est saisi comme d’une banniĂšre pour des initiatives diverses et, parfois, divergentes, et dont les chercheurs tentent de dĂ©limiter les contours dans les domaines Ă©conomique, juridique, politique, anthropologique et philosophique. Qu’il s’agisse des communs numĂ©riques, environnementaux, urbains mais aussi des communs politiques ou de la redĂ©finition de la notion mĂȘme d’entreprise, l’espace de dĂ©bat et de controverses qu’ouvre ce numĂ©ro se veut rĂ©solument pluraliste, comme les formes, plurielles, de propriĂ©tĂ© qu’appelle une dĂ©mocratie radicale
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