Massive Thirring Model: Inverse Scattering and Soliton Resolution

In this paper the long-time dynamics of the massive Thirring model is investigated. Firstly the nonlinear steepest descent method for Riemann-Hilbert problem is explored to obtain the soliton resolution of the solutions to the massive Thirring model whose initial data belong to some weighted-Sobolev spaces. Secondly, the asymptotic stability of multi-solitons follow as a corollary. The main difficulty in studying the massive Thirring model through inverse scattering is that the corresponding Lax pair has singularities at the origin and infinity. We overcome this difficulty by making use of two transforms that separate the singularities.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.04260, arXiv:1907.0711

Differential pathogenicity of two different recombinant PVYNTN isolates in Physalis floridana is likely determined by the coat protein gene

A previous study has identified two types of recombinant variants of Potato virus Y strain NTN (PVYNTN) in China and sequenced the complete genome of the variant PVYNTN-HN2. In this study, the complete genome of isolate PVYNTN-HN1 was fully sequenced and analyzed. The most striking difference between the two variants was the location of recombinant joint three (RJ3). In PVYNTN-HN1, like other typical European-PVYNTN isolates such as PVYNTN-Hun, the RJ3 was located at nucleotide (nt) 9183, namely the 3' proximal end of the CP gene (nt. 8571-9371), thus leading to most (the first 613 nucleotides from the 5' proximal end) of the CP gene (801 bp) with a PVYN origin and PVYN-serotype; whereas in contrast, the RJ3 in PVYNTN-HN2 was located at nt 8572, consequently leading to a CP gene of PVYO origin and PVYO-serotype. The varied genome composition among PVYO, PVYN, PVYN:O, PVYNTN-HN1 and PVYNTN-HN2 made them useful for the investigation of possible roles of gene segment(s) in symptom formation on host plants. When Physalis floridana plants were infected with different PVY isolates, two types of symptoms were induced. PVYN and PVYNTN-HN1 induced mild symptoms (mainly mild mottling) whereas PVYO, PVYN:O and PVYNTN-HN2 induced serve symptoms including leaf and stem necrosis, leaf-drop and stunting. These results, together with a previous study using artificial PVY chimeras, demonstrate that the CP gene, especially the 5' proximal segment (nt 8572-9183), and/or CP likely determine the pathogenicity of PVY in P. floridana

The impact of digital finance on water use intensity in China and mechanisms

[Objective] Digital finance based on information technology provides a new opportunity for the construction of a water-saving society. Effectively release the dividend of water saving and emission reduction brought by the development of digital finance is an important issue for promoting the development of the Chinese-style modernization. [Methods] Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, this study empirically tested the relationship between digital finance development and water resource utilization using methods such as fixed effect and mediation effect models. [Results] (1) The development of digital finance has an inhibitory effect on water use intensity, which is mainly achieved by improving the coverage and depth of use of digital finance, and the result is still valid after robustness tests such as substitution of variables, instrumental variable method, and limited information maximum likelihood method. (2) From the perspective of transmission pathways, technological innovation and industrial structure adjustment have played a significant mediating role between digital finance and water use intensity, but the mediating role of industrial structure upgrading is not significant. (3) From the perspective of heterogeneity, digital finance has a positive impact on water use efficiency in the eastern region; Meanwhile, digital finance has a significant inhibitory effect on the water use intensity of the primary and secondary industries, but the impact on the water use intensity of the tertiary industry is not significant; Regions with favorable water endowments are more likely to reap the benefits of digital finance. [Conclusion] Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of digital finance, actively innovate financial services, and give full play to the enabling role of digital finance in resource utilization according to local conditions and production policies

Structure and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of the novel tungsten bronze type ceramic Sr5_5BiTi3_3Nb7_7O30_{30}

A novel lead-free tungsten bronze type ceramic Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30, was prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction route. The room-temperature crystal structure shows an average structure with centro-symmetric space group P4/mbm identified by synchrotron XRD. Temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity indicates that Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30 is a ferroelectric relaxor with Tm near 260 K. The ceramic displays stronger frequency dispersion and lower phase-transition temperature compared with Sr6Ti2Nb8O30. A macroscopic and phenomenological statistical model was employed to describe the temperature dependence of their dielectric responses. The calculated size of polar nanoregions (PNRs) of Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30 compared with Sr6Ti2Nb8O30 implies that the stronger diffusion phase transition for the former is related to the disorder emerged in both A and B sites. The smaller PNRs can be activated at lower temperature but have smaller electrical dipole moment. This is the origin of relaxor behavior of Sr5BiTi3Nb7O30 with lower Tm and dielectric permittivity. The PNRs is related to a local structure with a polar space group P4bm, which contributes to the dielectric frequency dispersion of relaxor behavior. This work opens up a promising feasible route to the development of relaxor ferroelectrics in tungsten bronze type oxides

One-Step Dynamic Classifier Ensemble Model for Customer Value Segmentation with Missing Values

Scientific customer value segmentation (CVS) is the base of efficient customer relationship management, and customer credit scoring, fraud detection, and churn prediction all belong to CVS. In real CVS, the customer data usually include lots of missing values, which may affect the performance of CVS model greatly. This study proposes a one-step dynamic classifier ensemble model for missing values (ODCEM) model. On the one hand, ODCEM integrates the preprocess of missing values and the classification modeling into one step; on the other hand, it utilizes multiple classifiers ensemble technology in constructing the classification models. The empirical results in credit scoring dataset “German” from UCI and the real customer churn prediction dataset “China churn” show that the ODCEM outperforms four commonly used “two-step” models and the ensemble based model LMF and can provide better decision support for market managers

An efficient protocol of potato virus A eradication by thermotherapy coupled with in vitro culture of potato (Solanum tuberosum)

With the aim of developing an effective protocol for virus elimination from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets, thermotherapy coupled with isolating the first nodal cuttings by in vitro culture was successful to potato virus A (PVA) elimination. The survival ratio of potato plantlets was affective by thermotherapy temperatures and durations. The optimal thermotherapy temperature was 36±1 oC with highest survival ratio and effective elimination. The results of RT-PCR indicated that the regenerated plantlets obtained from the first cycle (four weeks) of thermotherapy in daytime at 36±1 oC with light intensity 40 mmole/m/s for 12 hr, and 20±1 oC in darkness for 12 hr had PVA infected. While isolated the first nodal cuttings and followed by thermotherapy at the first cycle conditions for another two weeks, the PVA could be eliminated. Thermotherapy was given by culturing the nodal cutting from the infected of PVA for six weeks in total on MS medium, and the PVA-free plantlets were obtained. In concluded that the protocol of thermotherapy coupled with isolating the first nodal cuttings by in vitro culture in the study can be effectively used for virus free plantlets in potato, and probably also for other vegetable propagated plant species

Transcriptome analysis provides StMYBA1 gene that regulates potato anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating structural genes

Anthocyanin biosynthesis is affected by light, temperature, and other environmental factors. The regulation mode of light on anthocyanin synthesis in apple, pear, tomato and other species has been reported, while not clear in potato. In this study, potato RM-210 tubers whose peel will turn purple gradually after exposure to light were selected. Transcriptome analysis was performed on RM-210 tubers during anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of StMYBA1 gene continued to increase during the anthocyanin accumulation in RM-210 tubers. Moreover, co-expression cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the expression patterns of StMYBA1 gene were highly correlated with structural genes CHS and CHI. The promoter activity of StMYBA1 was significantly higher in light conditions, and StMYBA1 could activate the promoter activity of structural genes StCHS, StCHI, and StF3H. Further gene function analysis found that overexpression of StMYBA1 gene could promote anthocyanin accumulation and structural gene expression in potato leaves. These results demonstrated that StMYBA1 gene promoted potato anthocyanin biosynthesis by activating the expression of structural genes under light conditions. These findings provide a theoretical basis and genetic resources for the regulatory mechanism of potato anthocyanin synthesis

Association of Mitochondrial DNA Variations with Lung Cancer Risk in a Han Chinese Population from Southwestern China

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is particularly susceptible to oxidative damage and mutation due to the high rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and limited DNA-repair capacity in mitochondrial. Previous studies demonstrated that the increased mtDNA copy number for compensation for damage, which was associated with cigarette smoking, has been found to be associated with lung cancer risk among heavy smokers. Given that the common and “non-pathological” mtDNA variations determine differences in oxidative phosphorylation performance and ROS production, an important determinant of lung cancer risk, we hypothesize that the mtDNA variations may play roles in lung cancer risk. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study to compare the frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups and an 822 bp mtDNA deletion between 422 lung cancer patients and 504 controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that haplogroups D and F were related to individual lung cancer resistance (OR = 0.465, 95%CI = 0.329–0.656, p<0.001; and OR = 0.622, 95%CI = 0.425–0.909, p = 0.014, respectively), while haplogroups G and M7 might be risk factors for lung cancer (OR = 3.924, 95%CI = 1.757–6.689, p<0.001; and OR = 2.037, 95%CI = 1.253–3.312, p = 0.004, respectively). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cigarette smoking was a risk factor for the 822 bp mtDNA deletion. Furthermore, the increased frequencies of the mtDNA deletion in male cigarette smoking subjects of combined cases and controls with haplogroup D indicated that the haplogroup D might be susceptible to DNA damage from external ROS caused by heavy cigarette smoking

The Farmer Entrepreneurs’ Social Capital and Opportunity Recognition Behavior

Using the multivariate ordered logistic and probit regression method, based on the survey data of entrepreneurship concerning farmers in China, we analyze the impact of social capital (namely the social network) on the farmers' recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities and property of entrepreneurial opportunities. The research results show that the scale of farmers being embedded in social network has a positive effect on the probability of farmers to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities. The higher the frequency of contact and the greater the size of weak ties network in the social network, then the greater the possibility of farmers to find innovative opportunities. But strong ties network has no significant effect on replicating-type entrepreneurial opportunities. At the same time, the entrepreneurial farmers’ education experience, migrant worker experience, innovation capability, and deep entrepreneurial atmosphere, are all important factors affecting the farmers' opportunity recognition behavior