650 research outputs found
Giant spin-orbit splitting of point defect states in monolayer WS
The spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect has been known to be profound in
monolayer pristine transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Here we show that
point defects, which are omnipresent in the TMD membranes, exhibit even
stronger SOC effects and change the physics of the host materials drastically.
In this Article we chose the representative monolayer WS\sub{2} slabs from the
TMD family together with seven typical types of point defects including
monovacancies, interstitials, and antisites. We calculated the formation
energies of these defects, and studied the effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC)
on the corresponding defect states. We found that the S monovacancy (V\sub{S} )
and S interstitial (adatom) have the lowest formation energies. In the case of
V\sub{S} and both of the W\sub{S and W\sub{S2} antisites, the defect states
exhibit giant splitting up to 296 meV when SOC is considered. Depending on the
relative position of the defect state with respect to the conduction band
minimum (CBM), the hybrid functional HSE will either increase the splitting by
up to 60 meV (far from CBM), or decrease the splitting by up to 57 meV (close
to CBM). Furthermore, we found that both the W\sub{S} and W\sub{S2} antisites
possess a magnetic moment of 2 localized at the antisite W atom and
the neighboring W atoms. All these findings provide new insights in the defect
behavior under SOC point to new possibilities for spintronics applications for
TMDs.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
The neural basis of responsibility attribution in decision-making
Social responsibility links personal behavior with societal expectations and plays a key role in affecting an agent's emotional state following a decision. However, the neural basis of responsibility attribution remains unclear. In two previous event-related brain potential (ERP) studies we found that personal responsibility modulated outcome evaluation in gambling tasks. Here we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to identify particular brain regions that mediate responsibility attribution. In a context involving team cooperation, participants completed a task with their teammates and on each trial received feedback about team success and individual success sequentially. We found that brain activity differed between conditions involving team success vs. team failure. Further, different brain regions were associated with reinforcement of behavior by social praise vs. monetary reward. Specifically, right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ) was associated with social pride whereas dorsal striatum and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were related to reinforcement of behaviors leading to personal gain. The present study provides evidence that the RTPJ is an important region for determining whether self-generated behaviors are deserving of praise in a social context
Relationship between Chinese and International Crude Oil Prices: A VEC-TARCH Approach
Many studies focus on the impact of international crude oil price volatility on various economic variables in China with a hypothesis that international crude oil price affected Chinese crude oil price first and then other economic variables. However, there has been little research to explore whether or not international and Chinese oil market are integrated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Chinese and international crude oil prices by VAR and VEC-TARCH models. It was found that the two crude oil markets have been integrated gradually. But the impact of external shocks on the Chinese crude oil market was stronger and the Chinese crude oil price was sensitive to changes in international crude oil price, implying that the centrally controlled oil market in China is less capable of coping with external risk. In addition, the volatility of both Chinese and international crude oil prices was mainly transmitted by prior fluctuation forecast and the impact of external shocks was limited, demonstrating that in both cases volatility would disappear rather slowly. Furthermore, Chinese and international crude oil markets have established a stable relationship. When the direction of external shocks on the two variables’ respective stochastic term was consistent, the impact on the two variables’ joint volatility was aggravated and vice versa
Design of Decision-Making System of Emergency Logistics Information System Based on Data Mining
ABSTRACT: Emergency logistics system is mainl
Refractive uses of layered and two-dimensional materials for integrated photonics
The scientific community has witnessed tremendous expansion of research on
layered (i.e. two-dimensional, 2D) materials, with increasing recent focus on
applications to photonics. Layered materials are particularly exciting for
manipulating light in the confined geometry of photonic integrated circuits,
where key material properties include strong and controllable light-matter
interaction, and limited optical loss. Layered materials feature tunable
optical properties, phases that are promising for electro-optics, and a panoply
of polymorphs that suggest a rich design space for highly-nonperturbative
photonic integrated devices based on phase-change functionality. All of these
features are manifest in materials with band gap above the photonics-relevant
near-infrared (NIR) spectral band ( 0.5 - 1 eV), meaning that they can be
harnessed in refractive (i.e. non-absorptive) applications.Comment: review paper. ACS Photonics (2020
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