114 research outputs found

    Classification of Metastatic versus Non-Metastatic Axillary Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients: Value of Cortex-Hilum Area Ratio with Ultrasound

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    Purpose: To investigate the significance of the cortex-hilum (CH) area ratio and longitudinal-transverse (LT) axis ratio and the blood flow pattern for diagnosis of metastatic axillary lymph nodes by ultrasound in breast cancer patients. Methods: From October 2005 to July 2006, we prospectively evaluated axillary nodes with ultrasound in 205 consecutive patients who had category 4B, 4C or 5 breast lesions according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System-Ultrasound (BI-RADS-Ultrasound ยฎ). Among the 205, there were 24 patients who had pathologic verification of breast cancer and axillary lymph node status. For a total of 80 axillary nodes we measured the areas of the cortex and hilum of lymph nodes and calculated the area ratio. We also measured the length of the longitudinal and transverse axis of the lymph nodes and calculated the length ratio. We evaluated the blood flow pattern on power Doppler imaging and classified each lymp

    Bee Venom Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth in LNCaP Xenografts via Apoptosis

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    ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  : ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ด‰์•ฝ์นจ์˜ ๋ด‰๋…์ด NF-ฮบB ํ™œ์„ฑ์–ต์ œ์™€ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ํ•œ ์ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ์œ ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ด‰์•ฝ์นจ์˜ ๋ด‰๋…์ด ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์— ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—๋Š” DAPI, TUNEL staining assay๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—๋Š” western blot analysis๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ NF-ฮบB์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด EMSA๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ : 1. DAPI, TUNEL staining assay ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ด‰๋… ๋ฐ melittin์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ LNCaP ์„ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ์œ ๋„์œจ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. LNCaP ์„ธํฌ์— ๋ด‰๋…์ด๋‚˜ melittin์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ค‘ p-Akt, COX-2, calpain์€ ๋ด‰๋…๊ณผ melittin ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ , Akt๋Š” melittin์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ด‰๋…์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , MMP-9์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ด‰๋…์˜ ํ•ญ์•”ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‹๋œ ์ฅ์— ๋ด‰๋…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ, ์ฅ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ด‰๋…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์•”์„ธํฌ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋น„์œจ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ฅ์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‹๋œ ์ฅ์— ๋ด‰๋…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, NF-ฮบB ํ™œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‹๋œ ์ฅ์— ๋ด‰๋…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ค‘ Bax/Bcl-2, p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, calpain์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ, COX-2๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, MMP-9๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  : ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ด‰๋…์ด ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ NF-ฮบB์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์ธ LNCaP์˜ ์„ธํฌ์ž๋ฉธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋น„์˜์กด์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ , ๋ด‰๋…์ด ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค

    Towards the fluorescence retention and colloidal stability of InP quantum dots through surface treatment with zirconium propoxide

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    Through the synthetic development of sophisticated core/shell heterostructures, the fluorescent properties of quantum dots (QDs) have been steadily improved to a level that can ultimately meet the industrial demands, but their reliability is still insufficient, particularly showing low fluorescence stability against degradable conditions. As one solution to this issue, an additional physical barrier typically with an oxide phase has been introduced to protect the QD surface from the environment. In this work, a strategy for improving the stability of QDs involving the passivation of their surfaces with zirconium propoxide (Zr(PrO)4) is suggested. Multi-shelled green QDs of InP/ZnSeS/ZnS were first synthesized, and then their surfaces were in-situ-treated with Zr(PrO)4. To confirm the presence of Zr(PrO)4-derived species on the QD surfaces, chemical analyses of the Zr(PrO)4-treated QDs were performed through Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopic measurements. A photostability test of two comparative InP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs โ€“ one treated without and one with Zr(PrO)4 โ€“ was performed by exposing their dispersions to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for prolonged periods of time, up to 120โ€‰h. It was revealed that Zr(PrO)4 treatment is highly effective in improving fluorescence retention and colloidal stability

    Multiple-Set Split Feasibility Problems for Asymptotically Strict Pseudocontractions

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    In this paper, we introduce an iterative method for solving the multiple-set split feasibility problems for asymptotically strict pseudocontractions in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and, by using the proposed iterative method, we improve and extend some recent results given by some authors
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