Solar Eclipses in Ancient China

Chinese astrology began in the Shang Dynasty. (1226 BCE to 1161 BCE) The Chinese culture believed that solar eclipses were caused by a mythical dragon devouring the sun. It was also believed that eclipses in general told the future of the emperor. Due to this, predicting solar eclipses was deemed of the highest importance; so much so, that two astrologers were once beheaded because they failed to predict a solar eclipse. Astrologers not wanting to be beheaded used many methods and tools in order to try and accurately predict solar eclipses

A Therapeutic Chemical Chaperone Inhibits Cholera Intoxication and Unfolding/Translocation of the Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit

Cholera toxin (CT) travels as an intact AB5 protein toxin from the cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of an intoxicated cell. In the ER, the catalytic A1 subunit dissociates from the rest of the toxin. Translocation of CTA1 from the ER to the cytosol is then facilitated by the quality control mechanism of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Thermal instability in the isolated CTA1 subunit generates an unfolded toxin conformation that acts as the trigger for ERAD-mediated translocation to the cytosol. In this work, we show by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy that exposure to 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) inhibited the thermal unfolding of CTA1. This, in turn, blocked the ER-to-cytosol export of CTA1 and productive intoxication of either cultured cells or rat ileal loops. In cell culture studies PBA did not affect CT trafficking to the ER, CTA1 dissociation from the holotoxin, or functioning of the ERAD system. PBA is currently used as a therapeutic agent to treat urea cycle disorders. Our data suggest PBA could also be used in a new application to prevent or possibly treat cholera

Frucoffe

El presente trabajo analiza la viabilidad del plan de negocio de “Frucoffe”. Una empresa que se caracteriza por ser una bebida de café mezclado con pulpa de frutas naturales que puede ser tomado frío o caliente, al gusto del cliente. El proyecto surge al cambiar la forma tradicional de tomar café.  Nuestra propuesta fue desarrollada con el objetivo de mantener activo durante el día a sus clientes en sus diversas actividades. Con el propósito principal cubrir las necesidades de energía, revitalización y probar algo nuevo e innovador en el mercado. Lo toman con limón o leche, ya que les ayuda a cambiar el sabor tradicional. Por ello, buscamos contribuir otorgando una nueva alternativa, en cuanto al sabor y la rapidez, con un café listo para tomar y con sabores variados.  La realización de esta propuesta de negocio nos permitió conocer los retos que se presentan en el entorno empresarial, dejándonos un aprendizaje. La información que se obtuvo en todo el proyecto de investigación nos permitió conocer, analizar y evaluar de la mejor manera el funcionamiento de Frucoffe. Es importante precisar, que el proyecto actual genera valor y rentabilidad para sus accionistas y que siendo un negocio sostenible consideramos seguir gestionando e implementando más estrategias.This paper analyzes the viability of the "Frucoffe" business plan. A company that is characterized by its coffee drink mixed with natural fruit pulp that can be taken cold or hot, it's to the client's taste. The project arises under the idea of ​​change the traditional way of drink coffee. Its main purpose is to meet the needs of energy, revitalization and the idea of try something new and innovative in the market. People usually drink coffee with milk or lemon, because it helps them to change the traditional flavor. That is why we seek to contribute by granting a new alternative, in terms of taste and speed, with a coffee ready to drink and with varied flavors. The realization of this business proposal allows us to know the challenges that arise in the business environment, leaving us learning. The information obtained in the entire project allowed us to know, analyze and evaluate in the best way the operation of Frucoffe. It is important to specify that the current project generates value and profitability for its shareholders and that being a sustainable business we consider to continue manage and implement more strategies.Trabajo de investigació

Aberrant connectivity in the hippocampus, bilateral insula and temporal poles precedes treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: a prospective resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study with connectivity concordance mapping.

Functional connectivity resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been proposed to predict antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia. However, only a few prospective studies have examined baseline resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients with regard to subsequent treatment response. Data-driven approaches to conceptualize and measure functional connectivity patterns vary broadly, and model-free, voxel-wise, whole-brain analysis techniques are scarce. Here, we apply such a method, called connectivity concordance mapping to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from an Asian sample (n = 60) with first-episode psychosis, prior to pharmaceutical treatment. Using a longitudinal design, 12 months after the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured and classified patients into two groups based on psychometric testing: treatment responsive and treatment resistant. Next, we compared the two groups' connectivity concordance maps that were derived from the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data at baseline. We have identified consistently higher functional connectivity in the treatment-resistant group in a network including the left hippocampus, bilateral insula and temporal poles. These data-driven novel findings can help researchers to consider new regions of interest and facilitate biomarker development in order to identify treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients early, in advance of treatment and at the time of their first psychotic episode

Costos y Expediente Profesional - DI175 - 202102

Descripción: El curso costos y expediente profesional examina la realidad actual y sus dimensiones. El diseño se plantea como respuesta pertinente a problemas reales que el diseñador de interiores debe aprender a identificar. Los estudiantes recorren un camino que les ayuda a conocer a profundidad el tema de investigación y a realizar un trabajo multidisciplinario incorporando conocimientos de diversos campos, a través del contacto con la teoría. Propósito: El propósito del curso es que el estudiante investigue, reflexione y construya información, a partir de problemas de la sociedad peruana. Finalmente, propone estrategias que permiten plantear soluciones en el ámbito del diseño para desarrollar su tema de tesis. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales de razonamiento cuantitativo y pensamiento innovador en nivel 3.

Membrane binding and oligomer membrane insertion are necessary but insufficient for Bacillus thuringiensis Cyt1Aa toxicity

Bacillus thuringiensis Cyt proteins are pore-forming toxins that have insecticidal activity mainly against dipteran insects. However, certain Cyt proteins have toxicity to some insect orders, but not toxicity of Cyt1Aa against lepidopteran larvae has been found. Insect specificity has been proposed to rely in specific binding to certain lipids on the brush border membrane of midgut cells since no protein receptors have been described so far. To determine the molecular basis of Cyt1Aa insect specificity we compared different steps of Cyt1Aa mode of action in a susceptible insect as the dipteran Aedes aegypti and also in the non-susceptible lepidopteran Manduca sexta. Our data shows that the lack toxicity of Cyt1Aa to M. sexta larvae does not rely on protoxin processing, membrane binding interaction, and oligomerization of Cyt1Aa since these steps were similar in the two insect species analyzed

Costos y Expediente Profesional - DI175 - 202101

Descripción: El curso costos y expediente profesional examina la realidad actual y sus dimensiones. El diseño se plantea como respuesta pertinente a problemas reales que el diseñador de interiores debe aprender a identificar. Los estudiantes recorren un camino que les ayuda a conocer a profundidad el tema de investigación y a realizar un trabajo multidisciplinario incorporando conocimientos de diversos campos, a través del contacto con la teoría. Propósito: El propósito del curso es que el estudiante investigue, reflexione y construya información, a partir de problemas de la sociedad peruana. Finalmente, propone estrategias que permiten plantear soluciones en el ámbito del diseño para desarrollar su tema de tesis. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales de razonamiento cuantitativo y pensamiento innovador en nivel 3.