210 research outputs found
Where Will Players Move Next? Dynamic Graphs and Hierarchical Fusion for Movement Forecasting in Badminton
Sports analytics has captured increasing attention since analysis of the
various data enables insights for training strategies, player evaluation, etc.
In this paper, we focus on predicting what types of returning strokes will be
made, and where players will move to based on previous strokes. As this problem
has not been addressed to date, movement forecasting can be tackled through
sequence-based and graph-based models by formulating as a sequence prediction
task. However, existing sequence-based models neglect the effects of
interactions between players, and graph-based models still suffer from
multifaceted perspectives on the next movement. Moreover, there is no existing
work on representing strategic relations among players' shot types and
movements. To address these challenges, we first introduce the procedure of the
Player Movements (PM) graph to exploit the structural movements of players with
strategic relations. Based on the PM graph, we propose a novel Dynamic Graphs
and Hierarchical Fusion for Movement Forecasting model (DyMF) with interaction
style extractors to capture the mutual interactions of players themselves and
between both players within a rally, and dynamic players' tactics across time.
In addition, hierarchical fusion modules are designed to incorporate the style
influence of both players and rally interactions. Extensive experiments show
that our model empirically outperforms both sequence- and graph-based methods
and demonstrate the practical usage of movement forecasting.Comment: Accepted by AAAI 2022, code is available at
https://github.com/wywyWang/CoachAI-Projects/tree/main/Movement\%20Forecastin
An efficient surrogate model for emulation and physics extraction of large eddy simulations
In the quest for advanced propulsion and power-generation systems,
high-fidelity simulations are too computationally expensive to survey the
desired design space, and a new design methodology is needed that combines
engineering physics, computer simulations and statistical modeling. In this
paper, we propose a new surrogate model that provides efficient prediction and
uncertainty quantification of turbulent flows in swirl injectors with varying
geometries, devices commonly used in many engineering applications. The novelty
of the proposed method lies in the incorporation of known physical properties
of the fluid flow as {simplifying assumptions} for the statistical model. In
view of the massive simulation data at hand, which is on the order of hundreds
of gigabytes, these assumptions allow for accurate flow predictions in around
an hour of computation time. To contrast, existing flow emulators which forgo
such simplications may require more computation time for training and
prediction than is needed for conducting the simulation itself. Moreover, by
accounting for coupling mechanisms between flow variables, the proposed model
can jointly reduce prediction uncertainty and extract useful flow physics,
which can then be used to guide further investigations.Comment: Submitted to JASA A&C
Cyclooxygenase-2 enhances α2β1 integrin expression and cell migration via EP1 dependent signaling pathway in human chondrosarcoma cells
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the inducible isoform of prostaglandin (PG) synthase, has been implicated in tumor metastasis. Interaction of COX-2 with its specific EP receptors on the surface of cancer cells has been reported to induce cancer invasion. However, the effects of COX-2 on migration activity in human chondrosarcoma cells are mostly unknown. In this study, we examined whether COX-2 and EP interaction are involved in metastasis of human chondrosarcoma.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that over-expression of COX-2 or exogenous PGE<sub>2 </sub>increased the migration of human chondrosarcoma cells. We also found that human chondrosarcoma tissues and chondrosarcoma cell lines had significant expression of the COX-2 which was higher than that in normal cartilage. By using pharmacological inhibitors or activators or genetic inhibition by the EP receptors, we discovered that the EP1 receptor but not other PGE receptors is involved in PGE<sub>2</sub>-mediated cell migration and α2β1 integrin expression. Furthermore, we found that human chondrosarcoma tissues expressed a higher level of EP1 receptor than normal cartilage. PGE<sub>2</sub>-mediated migration and integrin up-regulation were attenuated by phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC) and c-Src inhibitor. Activation of the PLCβ, PKCα, c-Src and NF-κB signaling pathway after PGE<sub>2 </sub>treatment was demonstrated, and PGE<sub>2</sub>-induced expression of integrin and migration activity were inhibited by the specific inhibitor, siRNA and mutants of PLC, PKC, c-Src and NF-κB cascades.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results indicated that PGE<sub>2 </sub>enhances the migration of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing α2β1 integrin expression through the EP1/PLC/PKCα/c-Src/NF-κB signal transduction pathway.</p
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Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of the Calcium Channel Blocker Nicardipine on Microglial Cells: Implications for Neuroprotection
Background/Objective Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker that has been widely used to control blood pressure in severe hypertension following events such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and intracerebral hemorrhage. However, accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system that are mediated by microglial activation play important roles in neurodegeneration, and the effect of nicardipine on microglial activation remains unresolved. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, using murine BV-2 microglia, we demonstrated that nicardipine significantly inhibits microglia-related neuroinflammatory responses. Treatment with nicardipine inhibited microglial cell migration. Nicardipine also significantly inhibited LPS plus IFN-γ-induced release of nitric oxide (NO), and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, nicardipine also inhibited microglial activation by peptidoglycan, the major component of the Gram-positive bacterium cell wall. Notably, nicardipine also showed significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial activation in mice in vivo. Conclusion/Significance The present study is the first to report a novel inhibitory role of nicardipine on neuroinflammation and provides a new candidate agent for the development of therapies for inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases
An Aluminum Microfluidic Chip Fabrication Using a Convenient Micromilling Process for Fluorescent Poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) Microparticle Generation
This study presents the development of a robust aluminum-based microfluidic chip fabricated by conventional mechanical micromachining (computer numerical control-based micro-milling process). It applied the aluminum-based microfluidic chip to form poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles encapsulating CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). A cross-flow design and flow-focusing system were employed to control the oil-in-water (o/w) emulsification to ensure the generation of uniformly-sized droplets. The size of the droplets could be tuned by adjusting the flow rates of the water and oil phases. The proposed microfluidic platform is easy to fabricate, set up, organize as well as program, and is valuable for further applications under harsh reaction conditions (high temperature and/or strong organic solvent systems). The proposed method has the advantages of actively controlling the droplet diameter, with a narrow size distribution, good sphericity, as well as being a simple process with a high throughput. In addition to the fluorescent PLGA microparticles in this study, this approach can also be applied to many applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedical area
Prime Focus Instrument of Prime Focus Spectrograph for Subaru Telescope
The Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) is a new optical/near-infrared multi-fiber
spectrograph design for the prime focus of the 8.2m Subaru telescope. PFS will
cover 1.3 degree diameter field with 2394 fibers to complement the imaging
capability of Hyper SuprimeCam (HSC). The prime focus unit of PFS called Prime
Focus Instrument (PFI) provides the interface with the top structure of Subaru
telescope and also accommodates the optical bench in which Cobra fiber
positioners are located. In addition, the acquisition and guiding (A&G)
cameras, the optical fiber positioner system, the cable wrapper, the fiducial
fibers, illuminator, and viewer, the field element, and the telemetry system
are located inside the PFI. The mechanical structure of the PFI was designed
with special care such that its deflections sufficiently match those of the HSC
Wide Field Corrector (WFC) so the fibers will stay on targets over the course
of the observations within the required accuracy.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation
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Collaborative Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks via Pattern Recognition in Radio Irregularity Using Omnidirectional Antennas
In recent years, various received signal strength (RSS)-based localization estimation approaches for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been proposed. RSS-based localization is regarded as a low-cost solution for many location-aware applications in WSNs. In previous studies, the radiation patterns of all sensor nodes are assumed to be spherical, which is an oversimplification of the radio propagation model in practical applications. In this study, we present an RSS-based cooperative localization method that estimates unknown coordinates of sensor nodes in a network. Arrangement of two external low-cost omnidirectional dipole antennas is developed by using the distance-power gradient model. A modified robust regression is also proposed to determine the relative azimuth and distance between a sensor node and a fixed reference node. In addition, a cooperative localization scheme that incorporates estimations from multiple fixed reference nodes is presented to improve the accuracy of the localization. The proposed method is tested via computer-based analysis and field test. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed low-cost method is a useful solution for localizing sensor nodes in unknown or changing environments
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