Chiral Extension of Lattice Gauge Theory

Two approaches are presented to coupling explicit Goldstone modes to $N_f$ flavors of massless quarks preserving exact $SU(N_f) \times SU(N_f)$ chiral symmetry on the lattice. The first approach is a generalization a chiral extension to QCD (aka XQCD) proposed by Brower, Shen and Tan consistent with the Ginsparg-Wilson relation. The second approach based on the Callan,Coleman, Wess and Zumino coset construction has a real determinant atzero quark axial coupling, $g_A = 0$.Comment: Lattice2003 3 pages, 1 figur

Food Processing in Andhra Pradesh Opportunities and Challenges

There has been diversification of Indian diets away from foodgrains to high value products like milk, meat products, vegetables and fruits. Food-processing industry has been registering good growth since the past few decades and particularly after nineties. The conditions are now ideal for the growth of this industry. The central government has taken some steps to deregulate and encourage the sector after 1991. However, the role of states is vital. The government of Andhra Pradesh released a policy in November 2003. There are no major initiatives in the policy and still can be called a good beginning. As against the robust growth at the All-India level, the growth rate in net value - added in the nineties was almost the same as that in the eighties in the state. Against this background, the study is taken up in the state of Andhra Pradesh with the following objectives 1. To study the opportunities and challenges in processing of rice, fruits and vegetables, oilseeds and livestock products 2. To study the working of contracts between processors and farmers 3. To identify the future areas 4. To recommend suitable policy options The contracts are working, on the whole, well in both oil palm in West Godavari and gherkin in Chittoor district of the state. The firms try to attract with favourable conditions initially, but later tighten them as a part of agribusiness normalization. Therefore caution is needed before a final conclusion can be drawn on the usefulness of contract farming in the state for the farming community. The contracts in oil palm 3 are widespread, covering many farmers and stabilized. The total extent under gherkin is very low. The contracts work through facilitator in gherkin. There are some signs of some mistrust between the facilitator-company and local farmers. The contracts are also evolving gradually to accommodate both parties. The participation of small farmers in oil palm cultivation is almost negligible. On the other hand, in gherkin, participation of small farmers was considerable. The contracts are oral and price is not assured in oil palm. In oil palm gardens, the depletion of ground water level is faster compared to other crops. In the case of gherkin, the processing industry is totally dependent on exports for sustenance, which may not be ideal. The establishment of an independent ministry of food processing and department, enacting of contract farming laws and providing for an efficient arbitration in cases of contract violation, encouraging NGOs participation in food processing sector, formation of product-wise farmers' associations, changing the animal slaughter laws and formation of some more agri-export zones for livestock products are some of the recommendations under institutional aspects. In the case of taxes and subsidies, the recommendations are - exemption from sales tax and market cess and relaxation of duties and taxes on packing material industry. Under research and training, large scale publicity to promote processed foods, undertaking demand driven research by developing processable varieties and required equipment, establishing food processing training centers, developing technology for the tiny food processing units, evolving marketing plan covering the recently emerging super markets, DWCRA bazaars, international markets etc., are some of the suggestions. In case of infrastructure, encouraging some large aseptic packaging units, establishment of a radiation technology plant, encouraging private sector in cold storages, precooling units, pack houses etc., establishment of training courses for service and repair of food processing machinery, formation of expert consultant committee and provision of one incubator are the major suggestions. Other major recommendations are provision of insurance facilities to all horticultural crops and livestock products, taking steps to ensure participation of small farmers in the contract farming, launching of a common brand of mango juice and enactment to regulate the feed industry and nurseries in the state.food processing, Andhra Pradesh, India

Socio-economic Impact of Transgenic Cotton

Agricultural and Food Policy,

Conpressibility Effects on Dynamic Stall of Oscillating Airfoils

A research proposal to investigate the "Compressibility Effects on Dynamic Stall of Oscillating Airfoils" was submitted to ARO and the project was funded in April 1986. The aim was to obtain a basic understanding of the effect of compressibility on the phenomenon of dynamic stall under typical flight conditions encountered by a helicopter in forward flight., so that eventually a means for its control can be devised and thus, its flight envelope can be expanded. The initial phase of the study was devoted to building a drive system to produce the necessary unsteady airfoil motion. A novel design was arrived at after reviewing the various possibilities and was built. It uses a four-bar chain mechanism of which the airfoil is one of the links.U.S. Army Research Office ARO 23394.10-EG, MIPR ARO 137-86U.S. Army Research Office ARO 23394.10-EG, MIPR ARO 137-8

Flow model for velocity distribution in fixed porous beds under isothermal conditions

In a brief survey of the previous work the limitations of the modified Darcy equation and of the vectorial form of the Ergun equation are discussed. To include the effect of wall friction on the flows the viscous resistance term is added to the vectorial form of the Ergun equation. Using the generalized Ergun equation a one-dimensional formulation is presented for flow of fluids through packed beds taking into account the variation of porosity along the radial direction. It is found that there is a reasonable agreement between the numerical and the experimental results and it is observed that the variation of porosity with radial position has greater influence on channeling of velocity near the walls. For the assumption of constant porosity the velocity profiles exhibit similar nature as the plug flow profiles with a thin boundary layer near the wall. © 1979 Springer-Verlag

The seed and agricultural biotechnology industries in India: An analysis of industry structure, competition, and policy options

Since the late 1980s, technological advances and policy reforms have opened up new opportunities for growth in India's seed and agricultural biotechnology industries. The impacts of such changes have been significant in India's cotton sector, but less so for the country's main cereal crops, where both yield and output growth rates have been relatively stagnant. Some public policymakers and corporate decisionmakers are confident that the private sector will help reverse these trends, arguing that the right combination of new technological solutions and progressive policy reforms will unleash a significant increase in private investment in productivity-enhancing products and services. The structure of India's seed and agbiotech industries, as well as the policies designed to support their growth, will be a significant determinant of this expected impact. This paper examines the structure of India's cereal seed and agbiotech industries, its potential effects on innovation and social welfare, and the policies that may improve both industry performance and the delivery of new technologies to resource-poor, small-scale farmers in India's cereal production systems. We focus our analysis on indicators and scenarios within India's agricultural innovation market for improved seed and agricultural biotechnology products. This market includes firms engaged in the development, commercialization, and marketing of new seed-based technologies; it is characterized by a high level of knowledge intensity, relatively high levels of R&D investment, significant barriers to entry, significant levels of regulation, and relatively few products in the market. And it is within this market that factors such as strategic corporate behavior and public policy can affect the balance between a socially desirable rate of innovation, on the one hand, and a socially desirable distribution of the gains from innovation among consumers, farmers, and innovators, on the other hand.Seed markets, Agricultural biotechnology, industrial organization, Cereal crops,

Design and Development of a Compressible Dynamic Stall Facility

A dynamic stall facility offering a unique new capability for studies of compressibility effects on dynamic stall is described. This facility features complete visual access by mounting the test airfoil between optical-quality glass windows which are rotated in unison to produce the oscillating airfoil motion associated with helicopter rotor dynamic stall. By using the density gradients associated with the rapidly changing dynamic stall flow field, this facility permits simultaneous detailed investigation of the flow on the surface as well as in the flow field surrounding airfoils experiencing dynamic stall.U.S. Army Research Office ARO 23394.2-EGU.S. Army Research Office ARO 23394.2-E

Dynamic airfoil stall investigations

Experimental and computational investigations of the dynamic stall phenomenon continue to attract the attention of various research groups in the major aeronautical research laboratories. There are two reasons for this continued research interest. First, the occurrence of dynamic stall on the retreating blade of helicopters imposes a severe performance limitation and thus suggests to search for ways to delay the onset of dynamic stall. Second, the lift enhancement prior to dynamic stall presents an opportunity to achieve enhanced maneuverability of fighter aircraft. A description of the major parameters affecting dynamic stall and lift and an evaluation of research efforts prior to 1988 has been given by Carr. In this paper the authors' recent progress in the development of experimental and computational methods to analyze the dynamic stall phenomena occurring on NACA 0112 airfoils is reviewed. First, the major experimental and computational approaches and results are summarized. This is followed by an assessment of our results and an outlook toward the future

Bacterial flora of conjunctiva after death

<b>AIM:</b>To evaluate the frequency of bacterial flora of conjunctiva after death (cadaver eyes) which will give information about the bacterial contamination of donor eyes, and the <i>in-vitro</i> sensitivity of isolated bacteria to the commonly used antibiotics in ophthalmic practice.<b>METHODS:</b> Conjunctival swabs were taken from the cadavers (motor vehicle accident deaths and patients who died in the hospital), within 6h after death, and sent for culture and sensitivity test. Conjunctival swabs, taken from the healthy conjunctiva of patients admitted for cataract surgery, were sent for culture and sensitivity as controls (eyes in those of living status). The bacterial isolates were tested against the commonly used antibiotics (chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin) in ophthalmology practice.<b>RESULTS:</b> Bacteria were isolated in 41 out of 100 conjunctival swabs (41%), taken from 50 cadavers (study group). Coagulase negative <i>staphylococcus</i> was the most common bacteria isolated (15%), followed by <i>pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (5%). Gentamicin was effective against majority of the bacterial isolates (82%). Bacteria were isolated from 7 out of 100 conjunctival swabs taken as control group (eyes in living state). Coagulase negative <i>staphylococcus</i> was the most common organism (5%) isolated in control group; the others were <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> (1%) and beta hemolyticus <i>streptococci</i> (1%).<b>CONCLUSION:</b> Bacteria were isolated from 41% of the cadaver eyes. High percentage sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to gentamicin (82%) supports the practice of thorough irrigation of the eyes with gentamicin solution before starting the procedure of enucleation followed by immersion of the enucleated eyeballs in gentamycin solution, to prevent the bacterial contamination

Incidence of appendicitis and ovarian cyst among female patients presenting with acute abdomen at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Physicians working in casualty are often confronted with acute abdomen and get much more bothered as the diagnosis is not easy. This is due to the fact that the etiology of acute abdomen is always much diversified and the classical findings are masked making the diagnosis difficult. Objective was to study incidence of appendicitis and ovarian cyst among female patients presenting with acute abdomen.Methods: A hospital based follow up study was carried out among 64 cases presented with acute abdomen to the casualty from January 2018 to August 2018. All necessary investigations were done to confirm the etiology of acute abdomen. The cases belonged to surgery and gynecology departments where they were operated. The patients were followed from admission in the casualty to the final outcome. The data was analyzed using proportions.Results: During the study period a total of 15413 patients were admitted in the casualty out of them, 64 (0.42%) presented with acute abdomen. Of these 64 cases, majority i.e. 35 (54.7%) were due to acute appendicitis; 13 cases were due to renal colic and eight cases each were due to ectopic pregnancy and ovarian cyst. The most common age group affected was 21-30 years (62.5%) followed by less than 20 years age (21.9%). 25% of the 64 cases had delayed wound healing and no other complications were reported. No death was recorded.Conclusions: Authors achieved excellent results as there were no major complications and no death was recorded. Thus, meticulous diagnosis and prompt treatment can save patient life and at the same time rate of complications can be reduced