Identification of NBS-LRR Resistance Gene Analogues (RGA) from Rose (IIHRR13-4) Resistant to Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.:Fr.) de Bary)

Resistance is the best strategy to manage powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.:Fr.) de Bary) of rose. Identification of resistant genes (R genes) from plant species will help in breeding programs. Nucleotide Binding Site - Leucine Rich Repeats (NBS- LRR) is a major class of R gene family in plants. This study reports the identification and molecular characterization of resistance gene analogues from roses maintained at ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR). The powdery mildew resistant line IIHRR13-4 was compared with the susceptible commercial cultivar, konfetti. PCR based approaches with degenerative primers based on different conserved motifs of NBS-LRR were employed to isolate resistance gene analogues (RGAs) from rose. Eleven RGAs (IIHRR13-4R1, IIHRR13-4R2, IIHRR13-4R3, IIHRR13-4R4, IIHRR13-4R5, IIHRR13- 4R6, IIHRR13-4R7, IIHRR13-4R8 IIHRR13-4R9 and IIHRR13-4R10) were identified from powdery mildew resistant germplasm line, IIHRR13-4, based on the sequence and similarity to RGAs from rosaceae family and other crops. The major similarity to rose RGAs reported are from Fragaria vesca, Rosa hybrid cultivar, Prunus and Rosa chinensis. RGAs isolated from IIHRR13-4 belonged to Toll Interleukin Receptor (TIR)-NBS-LRR and Non-TIR-NBS-LRR RGAs (Lecine Zipper (LZ) type). Different motifs of RGAs identified were P-loop, RNBS A, kinase 2, kinase 3a, RNBS-D and GLPL of NBS domain. This study reports the existence of resistance at genetic level in powdery mildew resistant genotype IIHRR13-4. These RGAs will be useful for mapping and characterization of R genes in IIHRR13-4 and breeding for improved powdery mildew resistance in roses

CLBP for Retinal Vascular Occlusion Detection

Abstract Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and diabetic retinal disease is the most widespread type of retinal disorders. The precisely extracted Retinal blood vessel provides a vital factor in the early diagnosis of retinopathy. In this paper a programmed method is proposed to enhance the performance evaluation of feature extraction technique to obtain the affected ocular fundus images in the retinal blood vessel database. The ophthalmologists make use of these tools for patient screening, treatment evaluation, and clinical study. The study consists of two parts: an image acquisition and an adept algorithm for performance rate calculation to detect the retinal vein occlusion in human eye. The features are extracted using completed local binary pattern and the extracted data's are classified using artificial neural network. The precise results exhibit the feasibility of the proposed system in terms of performance evaluation

Essential oils as valuable feed additive: A narrative review of the state of knowledge about their beneficial health applications and enhancement of production performances in poultry

New research has begun to develop safe and effective alternatives to feed-antibiotics as growth enhancers in response to mounting pressure on the poultry sector to do so. There is a significant demand for poultry products all across the world right now. To achieve this goal, key performance indicators are optimized, such as the rate of chicken growth, the amount of feed used, and the health of the flock as a whole. As a result of this growing need, various alternatives to antibiotics have entered the market. New approaches are desperately needed to keep poultry productivity and efficiency at a high level in the face of mounting pressure to limit the use of antibiotics. Recent years have seen an uptick in interest in the potential of aromatic plant extracts as growth and health boosters in poultry. The great majority of plants' positive effects are accounted for by essential oils (EOs) and other secondary metabolites. EOs have been proven to promote digestive secretion production, improve blood circulation, exert antioxidant qualities, reduce levels of dangerous microbes, and maybe improve the immune status of poultry. EOs are often believed to be safe, non-toxic alternatives because they are all-natural, chemical-free, and devoid of potentially harmful deposits. EOs are extracted from plants, and while there are thousands of them, only approximately 300 have been deemed to have significant commercial value. Many different types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are negatively affected by EOs in multiple studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. The review covers the fundamentals of EOs, their anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory capabilities, their growth-promoting benefits, and their effectiveness against numerous diseases in poultry

IUPS Physiology Education Workshop series in India: organizational mechanics, outcomes, and lessons

Peer reviewe

Operations perspective to competency-based medical education: Experiences of IUPS-ICMR Physiology Education Workshop series (2018-2019) conducted in India

Peer reviewe

An Updated Review on The Properties of Melissa officinalis L.: Not Exclusively Anti-anxiety

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Therapeutic Uses of Wild Plants by Rural Inhabitants of Maraog Region in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

The main aim of this study is to document important ethnomedicinal plants from the Maraog region, located in the district of Shimla in Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 110 medicinal plant species belonging to 102 genera and 57 families were reported from the study site. All of the species were collected from wild habitats. The rural people of the Maraog region were surveyed through interview methods, group discussions, and participatory observations. In the current study, data were collected from 88 informants through the snowball method. A total of 110 plant species were collected from the study area, including 64 herbs, 24 shrubs, 9 trees, 5 climbers, 3 grasses, and 5 ferns. Most of the plant species, reported from the study area, belong to the Rosaceae and Asteraceae families, each contributing 12 plant species, followed by the Lamiaceae family with 6 plant species. The most used part of the plant in the preparation of herbal medications is the leaves, which have been reported in 62 plants, followed by roots in 14 plants, and flowers and other aerial parts in 9 plants. The ethnomedicinal data were analyzed using “Use Value,” a statistical quantitative method, with Artemisia vestita having the highest use value (1.00), followed by Cannabis sativa (0.79), Rhododendron arboreum (0.79), and Datura stramonium (0.71). Older people were found to have a vast knowledge of wild medicinal plants, while the younger generation’s knowledge was lacking. As a result, traditional knowledge about the use of plants as a source of medicine has decreased day-by-day.Therefore, there is a need to document traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. The data could serve as a basis for research by pharmacological and nutraceutical industries for the development of novel drugs

Prospective nutritional, therapeutic, and dietary benefits of camel milk making it a viable option for human consumption: Current state of scientific knowledge

For over five thousand years, people in Asia and Africa have known about the health benefits of camel milk. Thus, it is used not only as a food source but also as a medicine. The similarities between camel milk and human milk have been scientifically proven. Camel milk is unique among ruminant milk because it is high in vitamins C and E and low in sugar and cholesterol. Still, it contains a wide variety of beneficial minerals (including sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium), besides being rich in several nutrients, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, serum albumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, lysozyme and the hormone insulin. Because of these components, many medical professionals now recommend camel milk as a treatment for various human ailments. It has been demonstrated to be effective in treating gastrointestinal issues, Type 1 diabetes, and food allergies. As a bonus, camel milk has been utilized to cure autism, lower cholesterol, prevent psoriasis, heal inflammation, aid tuberculosis patients, boost the body's natural defences, and impede the spread of cancer cells. Those who have problems digesting lactose may still be able to tolerate it. Conversely, camel milk can also help reduce an excessively high bilirubin, globulin, and granulocyte count. Drinking camel milk does not affect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin concentration, and leukocyte count. The proteins in camel milk have an adequate ratio of critical amino acids. Immunoglobulins, which fight disease, are contained inside, and their small size allows antigens to penetrate and boosts the immune system's efficacy. This article highlights the health benefits and medicinal uses of camel milk

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies

Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is a bulbous flowering plant belongs to the family of Amaryllidaceae and is a predominant horticultural crop originating from central Asia. Garlic and its products are chiefly used for culinary and therapeutic purposes in many countries. Bulbs of raw garlic have been investigated for their role in oral health, which are ascribed to a myriad of biologically active compounds such as alliin, allicin, methiin, S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS), S-ally-mercapto cysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and methyl allyl disulphide. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Scopus, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Science direct databases were searched between 12 April 2021 to 4 September 2021. A total of 148 studies were included and the qualitative synthesis phytochemical profile of GE, biological activities, therapeutic applications of garlic extract (GE) in oral health care system, and its mechanism of action in curing various oral pathologies have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of GE as food supplements is also critically discussed. To conclude, GE could conceivably make a treatment recourse for patients suffering from diverse oral diseases