Potential benefits and therapeutic applications of "Panchgavya" therapy (Cowpathy) for human and animal health: Current scientific knowledge

Cow's milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd (together known as "Panchgavya") have incomparable medicinal value in Ayurveda and ancient Indian clinical methods. Panchgavya is also known as Cowpathy in Ayurveda. In India, the cow is revered as a goddess known as "Gaumata" because of its nurturing qualities similar to those of a mother. Almost no adverse effects are associated with using Panchgavya, which is why it is recommended in Ayurveda for treating disorders affecting numerous body systems. Its possible antimicrobial effects have piqued the curiosity of medical researchers and practitioners. Cow milk is widely regarded as a nutritious diet and has been shown to effectively treat various medical conditions, including high body temperature, pain, cancer, diabetes, kidney diseases, and weakness. Milk can prevent the growth of microorganisms, has erotic qualities when combined with the leaves of medicinal herbs, and the fat in milk has anticancer characteristics. Toned and skim milk, lassi, yoghurt, cottage cheese, and khoa all come from milk and have important medicinal characteristics. Curd (dahi) is recommended as a blood purifier for conditions such as hemorrhoids, piles, and gastrointestinal issues. Ghee made from cows has been shown to boost immunity. It is important to highlight the use of cow dung as an antifungal and for treating malaria and tuberculosis. It has the potential to aid in the development of a populace free from disease, the creation of sustainable energy systems, the fulfilment of all nutritional needs, the elimination of poverty, the promotion of organic farming culture, and the like. Cow urine is a powerful remedy for numerous medical conditions, including but not limited to epileptic convulsions, diabetes, hepatitis, inflammation, fever, and anaemia. The current review article explores how the Panchgavya ingredients can be employed to safeguard human and animal health

Error-control schemes for broadcast channels

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-127)Microfiche.xii, 127 leaves, bound ill. 29 cmToday's information age has created a virtual explosion in the need for connectivity, resource sharing and transfer of information on a global scale. This has resulted in the mushrooming of data networks. The satisfactory functioning of these networks is becoming increasingly dependent on the fast and reliable transfer of information over broadcast (one-to-many) and multiple-access (many-to-one) channels. Historically, almost all the efforts towards error-control in data transmission have been for the point-to-point channel. In this dissertation, we have investigated some error-control schemes for the reliable transfer of data over broadcast channels. The goal of this study is to meet a given reliability criterion for the transmission of data while making efficient use of the channel. Excepting some degenerate cases, most of the interesting broadcast scenarios also include a multiple-access channel in tandem. In other words, many of these broadcast channels have a built-in feedback channel. We have proposed several error-control schemes for the broadcast channels that make use of this feedback channel. The broadcast environments have been classified into two categories: Homogeneous and Non-homogeneous. Homogeneous broadcast channel (HB) is the case where a single source sends messages to all the destinations in the channel. The transmitter tries to deliver the same messages error-free to all the receivers. In the Non-Homogeneous broadcast (NHB) channel, successive messages from the transmitter may be addressed to different subsets of receivers in the broadcast environment and these subsets may not be disjoint. Several retransmission-error-control schemes have been proposed for these two channels. We introduce criteria for characterizing channel utilization and algorithms for achieving superior channel throughput. The coding problem for the HB channel is synonymous to that of the point-to-point channel. We have proposed a selective repeat ARQ protocol for the HB channel that uses a dynamic programming optimization technique to choose the optimum number of copies of a message to be transmitted by considering the number of receivers that are yet to acknowledge the message. We have also proposed two hybrid ARQ schemes that use powerful codes combined with parity retransmission. These two schemes are suitable for noisier channels. All these schemes significantly improve upon all the existing schemes in literature both in terms of achievable throughput and reliability. For the NHB channel, we have examined several retransmission schemes that exploit the broadcast nature of the channel. The proposed schemes are non-timeshared in general. Time-shared schemes can however be realized as special cases of these schemes. We have considered two cases of the NHB channel: Finite Broadcast Population and Infinite Broadcast Population. The finite population case allows us to exploit the broadcast nature of the channel more effectively. Various trade- offs that arise in the choice of these schemes have been investigated. The non-timeshared schemes significantly outperform the time-shared schemes almost always. To the best of our knowledge, this work constitutes the first systematic study of NHB channels. The NHB channels closely model the computer communications networks so prevalent today. The schemes proposed here achieve much higher throughput than the ones being used today. Moreover, these schemes can be used with UEP codes to achieve different levels of protection for the messages intended for different destination groups

A study into forces and moments acting on the swash plate of an axial piston pump using a novel approach to reduce pressure and flow pulsations.

In hydraulic pumps, typically in axial piston pumps, reduction of pressure and flow ripples was attempted by providing relief grooves and pre-compression for noise reduction. Pre-compression is normally achieved by using the dead space between pump ports in the valve plate. Also valve plate profile modification is required, if system operating conditions such as pump output pressure and flowrate change, to maintain optimum operating conditions for reduced pressure/flow ripple. An earlier simulation study confirmed effectiveness of varying dead centre position to reduce pressure and flow ripples. A specifically designed mechanism, outlined in the earlier work, achieves this goal by varying the dead centre position of the pump swash plate. This study reports on the findings of the effect of varying dead centre position and groove configurations on forces and moments acting on the swash plate for various operating conditions. The simulation model cited in the earlier work was used in this study. This information is vital for the design of an actuating mechanism to vary dead centre position of a pump valve plate. These simulations were run using MATLAB/Simulink and S-functions. Results of this study are promising

Reformulation and Scientific Evaluation of CUSOCO: A Traditional Toothpaste Formula from Classical Tamil Literature towards treatment of Halitosis

In order to achieve the multi-claim products required for dental-health-care and hygiene, it is indispensable for the formulator to use a wide range of ingredients however, with the advent of technology the chemically synthesised products are not of demand in the market as they have side effects and are considered to unsafe for human use. This places quite a number of demands on the use of PBNPs in the development process. Use of PBNPs innovations in the areas of pharmaceutical technology have contributed significantly to the formulation of dental-health-care products with superior efficacy as well as other attributes that may contribute to clinical response and patient acceptability. Improved clinical efficacy and tolerability, along with conditioning signals, should encourage patient compliance with oral hygiene. Cuminum cyminum seeds are being habitually used in traditional cuisines of different cultures. In India, it is used in both whole and ground form as a traditional ingredient to make dishes without perceptive medicinal knowledge/ properties behind. In Kerala, decoction of cumin seeds is used for drinking (Jeera water). In Tamilnadu, cumin seeds are the key ingredient of Rasam. Fruit of Solanum lycopersicum is one of the important savoury vegetable used in traditional Indian cuisines. The oil of Cocos nucifera fruits are used in cooking in Kerala and TamilNadu. In the present study, composition (paste) prepared by mixing of 2 drops of S. lycopersicum fruit juice, 2 drops of C. nucifera and 1g of C. cyminum seed powder were tested on 100 subjects with felt bad breath. Results of the present study was found to be effective in controlling bad breath (odour) in 74 subjects after the treatment (period of clinical trial) except 09 of 83 subjects who were diabetic. Keywords: Oral hygiene; bad breath; halitosis; Cuminum cyminum; Solanum lycopersicum; Cocos nucifera; CUSOCO; dental-health-car

Phytochemical Screening, GCMS and FTIR Profile of Bioactive Compounds in Solanum lycopersicum Wild Fruits collected from Palani Hill Ranges of the Western Ghats

Tomatoes are consumed worldwide as fresh vegetables because of their high contents of essential nutrients and antioxidant-rich phytochemicals. Tomatoes contain minerals, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids (Leucine, Threonine, Valine, Histidine, Lysine, Arginine), monounsaturated fatty acids (Linoleic and Linolenic Acids), Carotenoids (Lycopene and β-Carotenoids) and Phytosterols (β-Sitosterol, Campesterol and Stigmasterol). GCMS analysis revealed the presence of 3-methylheptane, Ethylcyclohexane, 2-Methyl-4,6-octadiyn-3-one, 5,6-Dimethylundecane, (3E)3-Hexen-2-one, 2,2-Dimethylbutane, 1,2-Diphenyl-1-butanone, Isopropylbenzene (2-phenylpropane), 3,5-Dimethyloctane, 2-Phenyl-3-buten-1-ol, 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane, Benzoylcarboxaldehyde (Phenylglyoxal), Cis-3-Methyl-Endo-Tricyclo [5.2.1.0(2.6)] Decane, 2,4-Dimethylhexan-3-One, Benzene acetic acid,2-phenylethyl ester, Cyclopentacycloheptene, 2,3-Heptanedione, 1,6-Methano[10] annulene, 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, methyl ester, N,N-Dimethylmethanesulfonamide, Methyl tridecanoate, Cis 9-Octadecanoic acid, Methyl 15-methylheptadecanoate, 9-Octadecenoic acid, Methyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate, (Z)-octadec-9-enamide, Methyl 2-ethyl-2-methylicosanoate, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a-tetradecahydrobenzo [10] annulene Caffeic acid, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Chrysin, Cinnamic acid, Epicatechin, Ferulic acid, Kaempferol, Luteolin, Lycopene, Naringenin, P-coumaric acid, Phloretic acid, Quercetin, Resveratrol, Rutin, Sinapic acid, Vanillic acid. Lycopene, the main dietary carotenoid in tomato and tomato-based food products and lycopene consumption by humans has been reported to protect against Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cognitive function and Osteoporosis. Among phenolic compounds present in tomato, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Naringenin, Caffeic Acid and Lutein are the most common. These compounds have significant antioxidant properties and are effective in protecting human body against oxidative stress-related diseases. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum; Phytochemical Screening; GCMS; FTI