Phase III Pivotal comparative clinical trial of intranasal (iNCOVACC) and intramuscular COVID 19 vaccine (Covaxin®)

One of the most preferable characteristics for a COVID-19 vaccine candidate is the ability to reduce transmission and infection of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to disease prevention. Unlike intramuscular vaccines, intranasal COVID-19 vaccines may offer this by generating mucosal immunity. In this open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 clinical trial (CTRI/2022/02/40065; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05522335), healthy adults were randomised to receive two doses, 28 days apart, of either intranasal adenoviral vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV154) or licensed intramuscular vaccine, Covaxi

Evaluation of morbidity and epidemiology of two wheelers accidents in central India

Background: In the developing world, the current trends in population growth, industrialization and urbanization are putting heavy pressure on the transport network in general and on road system in particular. Some of the unwanted side effects of this growing traffic, such as congestion and noise pollution are immediately obvious to the individual. But others, such as the growing number of fatal and non-fatal injuries from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), are apparent only through aggregated statistics. These data reflects serious and growing problem, with absolute fatality and casualty figures are rapidly rising in the majority of developing nations and with morbidity and mortality rates considerably higher than in the developed world. The alarming increase in morbidity and mortality owing to road traffic accidents over the past decades is a matter of great concern globally. In this study we have done evaluation of morbidity and epidemiology of two wheelers (two wheeler vehicles are those vehicle which runs on fuel e.g. Motorcycle) accidents in Central India.Methods: There were about 1514 patients who came to Accident and Emergency department of Acharya Vinobha Bhave Hospital from September 2014 to August 2015 with history of RTA, out of which 100 cases of road traffic accidents involving two wheelers were interviewed, using interview technique as tool for data collection.Results: Out of 100 cases of road traffic accidents involving two wheelers 84 were male and 16 were female patients. Among 100 patients 46% had trauma by skidding of bike. Accidents took place at early morning (17%), afternoon (37%) and evening (31%) and night (15%) time. A number of patients (41%) were under influence of alcohol making it a major reason of trauma. Seventy five percent of the patients were driving the vehicle. In 25% of cases, patients were the pillion riders. In our study out of 100 patients, 99 were not wearing a helmet except for 1 patient. Among 100 patients, 54 were having orthopaedic injuries. Among the orthopaedic injuries, lower limb injuries were 46% and upper limb were 45%.Conclusions: In our study we concluded that most of the accidents on two wheelers were of younger adults with predominance of male population and mostly occurred at daytime. Most of the drivers were under the influence of alcohol and were prone to accidents. The problems with two – wheelers accidents were condition of road, alcohol influence, and condition of vehicle.Keywords: Road Traffic Accidents, Two – wheelers, Central India, Morbidity,  Epidemiolog

The effect of collagen organization on tensile strength loss in anterior cruciate ligament grafts post-reconstruction surgery

Gemstone Team LEGSGrafts used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions fall short of restoring native mechanics. This study investigated a morphological cause for tension loss by comparing native ACL and two common grafts, bone-patellar tendonbone (BPTB) and semitendinosus/gracilis hamstring tendon (ST/G), in a cadaveric system. Tension loss during continuous passive motion was quantified via force transducer. Microstructural changes were assessed by measuring collagen crimp angles. No significant differences were found for rates of percent tension loss relative to total tension loss among grafts. However, all groups displayed exponential decay, implying rapid tension loss. The crimp angles for the unstressed grafts were significantly different from each other, suggesting innate differences. The percent change experienced by stressed grafts, normalized to their unstressed baselines, showed that ST’s crimp behavior was significantly different from that of ACL and BPTB, implying the BPTB graft is superior for ACL reconstruction because it better mimics the ACL’s morphological behavior

N-Acetyl Cysteine May Support Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson\u27s Disease: Preliminary Clinical and Cell Line Data.

BACKGOUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the biological and clinical effects of n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in Parkinson\u27s disease (PD). METHODS: The overarching goal of this pilot study was to generate additional data about potentially protective properties of NAC in PD, using an in vitro and in vivo approach. In preparation for the clinical study we performed a cell tissue culture study with human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons that were treated with rotenone as a model for PD. The primary outcome in the cell tissue cultures was the number of cells that survived the insult with the neurotoxin rotenone. In the clinical study, patients continued their standard of care and were randomized to receive either daily NAC or were a waitlist control. Patients were evaluated before and after 3 months of receiving the NAC with DaTscan to measure dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and the Unified Parkinson\u27s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) to measure clinical symptoms. RESULTS: The cell line study showed that NAC exposure resulted in significantly more mDA neurons surviving after exposure to rotenone compared to no NAC, consistent with the protective effects of NAC previously observed. The clinical study showed significantly increased DAT binding in the caudate and putamen (mean increase ranging from 4.4% to 7.8%; p CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study demonstrate for the first time a potential direct effect of NAC on the dopamine system in PD patients, and this observation may be associated with positive clinical effects. A large-scale clinical trial to test the therapeutic efficacy of NAC in this population and to better elucidate the mechanism of action is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02445651

Molecular dynamics in chloronitrobenzenes using NQR data

The torsional frequencies have been rigorously evalulated in the compounds 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dinitrobenzene and 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene over an extended temperature range (77K-392K) using the experimental results of NQR and crystal structure data. The values have been compared with those obtained by using the X-ray thermal parameters. © 1994 Indian Academy of Sciences

Molecular dynamics in chlorine compounds using X-ray thermal parameters and nuclear quadrupole resonance data

Molecular dynamics (torsional frequencies) in several chlorine compounds were evaluated on the basis of X-ray thermal parameter data and nuclear quadrupole resonance data using Bayer's and Brown's approximation. It was found that the values obtained in both cases are in good agreement. The above approach is a good illustration of the supplementary nature of the data from X-ray studies in relation to nuclear quadrupole resonance studies of compounds in solid state

Incidence of adverse drug reaction and its outcome among patients in tertiary care hospital, Uttar Pradesh

Introduction: World Health Organization defines adverse drug reactions (ADRs) as any noxious, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug, which occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy. For evaluating the incidence and outcome of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to assist in minimizing the deleterious effects, the present study was planned to find the incidence of ADR, its severity, and outcomes among patients. Material and Methods: The spontaneous ADR reporting technique and the Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Form were used for the data collection and reporting. All patients who developed an ADR during the study period has included. By using Expanded Rawlins and Thompson’s classification, all patients were categorized into types A to F and classified according to the severity levels (mild, moderate, severe) by applying the Modified Hartwig severity scale. The classification of outcomes of the ADRs was done as per WHO criteria as fatal, continuing, recovering, recovered, unknown, or any other. Results: Type B (Bizarre) ADRs were found to be the most frequently occurring ADRs (51%) followed by type A (Augmented) 29%. Maximum ADR cases were found in the 12-45 years age group (58%).&nbsp

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Not AvailableSince ancient time, different methods of storage for locally produced goods have been practised using traditional methods in India. Although, difference in techniques of storage are result of difference in knowledge of cultures, their attentiveness to geographic and climatic conditions. “Shezing” is the local storage method for Chow Chow in Anjaw-district of Arunachal Pradesh and is borne to meet the need and requirements during cold winter periods as well as lean period. Chow Chow is highly perishable vegetables with a very short shelf life. Through “shezing” the vegetables are stored in square shaped underground pit near to the household. This storage method is cost effective way of preservation and storage at the same time, it helps in increasing farmer income with absolute no expenditure in power supply, easy construction, maintenance environment friendly and fresh availability of vegetables for 56 months in cold winter and lean periods. This cumbersome practice of storage is still practised and prefer by the farmers of Anjaw-district for earning extra income during off season. This paper highlighted the methods and farmer friendly cost-effective practices of “Shezing”.Not Availabl