Optimizing Water Reuse: Integrating Computer-Aided Greywater Treatment Systems with Decision Support Techniques for Enhanced Dissolved Oxygen and Turbidity Evaluation

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to the design, implementation, and optimization of a robust, cost-effective, and sustainable Grey Water system. Through the utilization of advanced sensing technologies, the system meticulously monitors and analyzes a diverse array of water parameters, including Water Flow, Pressure, Temperature, Turbidity, Conductivity, and Dissolved Oxygen. Emphasizing the critical importance of optimized greywater management, the study integrates methodologies aimed at reducing Clean Water usage, thereby contributing to overall water conservation efforts. Prior to system deployment, extensive simulation, modeling, and analysis were conducted to develop efficient and low-energy grey water treatment prototypes. A significant emphasis of this research lies in the integration of Decision Support Techniques tailored to evaluate key parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen and Turbidity. By leveraging advanced computational methodologies, the system enables real-time monitoring and informed decision-making, enhancing the overall efficiency and effectiveness of greywater treatment processes. This research addresses pressing global challenges including climate change adaptation, food security, and environmental pollutant mitigation by exploring the vast potential of greywater reuse. While scrutinizing health and environmental perspectives, particular attention is given to the presence of microorganisms and xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) within greywater streams. Moreover, the study underscores the multifaceted benefits of greywater reuse, ranging from toilet flushing to irrigation, with the potential to significantly reduce household water consumption by up to 30%. In response to the imperative to mitigate groundwater contamination risks, the research proposes innovative treatment strategies at the household level. By merging environmental consciousness with technological innovation, this work contributes to the optimization of water resources in a world increasingly challenged by water scarcity. The pivotal role of computer science in result analysis and decision support underscores the interdisciplinary nature of this endeavor, offering promising avenues for sustainable water management practices globally

Comparative study of hypoglycemic effects of oral vildagliptin and voglibose on fasting blood sugar level in albino rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which there is increased blood sugar level, glycosuria, dyslipidemia and sometimes ketonemia occurs. Increased blood sugar level leads to characteristic symptoms such as polydipsia, polyurea, blurring of vision, polyphagia and weight loss.Methods: Healthy male Wister rats weighing between 150-250 gm were taken. Total 2 groups A and B were prepared and each group contains 6 animals. Group A was administered voglibose as 0.6 mg/70 kg body weight. Group B was administered vildagliptin as 100 mg/70 kg body weight. Diabetes was induced in group A and B by administration of 120 mg/kg body weight of nicotinamide and 60 mg/kg body weight of streptozocin intraperitoneally. Streptozocin was administered after 15-20 minutes of administration of nicotinamide. After 72 hours of streptozotocin injection, fasting blood glucose level was determined and induction of diabetes was confirmed. The fasting blood samples were collected from all the groups on further days 7, 14, 21 and 28 day to determine the glucose level by glucometer. Results: The decline in fasting blood sugar level by voglibose was 36.4% on day 7, 40.2% on day 14, 43.94% on day 21 and 46.4% on day 28. The reduction in Fasting blood sugar level by vildagliptin was 49% on day 7, 52.25% on day 14 and 54% on day 21 and 28. Thus in group B rats, decline was maximal on day 7 and little fall was recorded on subsequent days. It suggests good efficacy as vildagliptin normalized the blood glucose level effectively.  Conclusions: Vildagliptin was found significantly more effective in lowering fasting blood glucose level than voglibose

Role of low dose danazol therapy for endometriosis related infertility and its comparison with laparoscopic fulguration in low resources

Background: The objective was to study the role of laparoscopic fulguration and danazol therapy for endometriosis in case of infertility followed by comparison of both therapies.Methods: The present cross–sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology SN Medical College Agra. Over the period from December 2010 to November 2013. Symptomatic women (n=50) of age group 20-39 yrs coming to gynecology OPD were selected for study group. The study group was subjected to detailed history, physical examination laboratory test, ultrasound examination, and laparoscopy. Then 50 patients were allotted for laparoscopic fulguration and 50 for danazol treatment.Results: Out of 100 on transvaginal sonography, 10%of patient have cyst 2cm size, rest 70% have normal scan. On laparoscopy 52% of patient have red lesion, 16% have bluish black lesion, 20% have yellow brown lesion rest 22% have normal findings. On danazol therapy pelvic pain and dysmenorrhoea was relieved in 64% and 52% conceived .on laparoscopic fulguration symptom were relieved in 69% and 60% conceived.Conclusions: Based on this study it can be concluded that choice of therapy depend on age of patient,  duration of infertility, physical findings, goal of surgery, experience of surgeon and most important the  availability of resources. In this study result was comparable

Evaluating the performance of indian banking sector using DEA during post-reform and global financial crisis

The purpose of the study is to examine the performance of Indian banking sector in terms of efficiency, returns to scale, and total factor productivity change. The technique of data envelopment analysis is applied due to its flexibility to incorporate multiple inputs and multiple outputs without any underlying assumption on the functional form. There is growing tendency of public sector banks operating under increasing returns to scale, implying that substantial gains could be obtained from altering scale via either internal growth or consolidation in the sector. In terms of productivity, the results show a positive change in both the sectors due to technological change, possibly as a result of adoption of latest technology and new business practices in post reform period. However, there is an evidence of shrink in the market and negative growth in productivity in both the sectors during the period of global financial crisis. The main contribution of the paper is to empirically provide the evidences to resolve the debate if the global financial crisis had any impact on the performance of banking sector in India

Twin cervical pregnancy: a unique case report

Cervical ectopic pregnancy is implantation of an embryo into the cervical mucosa below the level of the internal os. Cervical pregnancy is an infrequent form of ectopic gestation both in naturally conceived pregnancies and even after assisted reproductive technology (ART). It accounts for less than 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. The diagnosis can be missed as a case of incomplete abortion unless an experienced sonologist performs a transvaginal ultrasound. Management options vary and depend on the gestational age at diagnosis, general condition of the patient and woman’s desire to maintain fertility. Medical treatment with methotrexate is the therapy of choice in early gestation with hemodynamically stable patient. Surgical intervention is indicated in late gestation, unstable cases or failed medical treatment. At times hysterectomy is elected as the final path when bleeding does not subside. We present an unique case of twin cervical ectopic pregnancy managed initially conservatively later surgical management was undertaken in view of bleeding

OVERVIEW OF CYNODON DACTYLON (DOOB GRASS) IN MODERN MEDICINE AS ANTIDIABETIC HERB .

Abstract- According  to WHO About 347 million people worldwide  have  diabetes, and is predicted to become the seventh leading cause of death in the world by the year 2030.According to Diabetes Atlas 2012, released by ‘International Diabetes Federation’ India has 63 million people living with diabetes and is only second to China. By 2030, India's diabetes burden is expected to cross the 100 million mark as against 87 million earlier estimated.  Many oral hypoglycemic agents, such as biguanides and sulfonylurea are available   along with insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus but they have significant side effects and sometimes they are found to be ineffective in chronic diabetic patients.  Since ancient times, diabetes has been treated orally with several medicinal plants or their extracts. Phytochemical study shows  the presences of flavonoids and sterols in Cynodon dactylon(Doob Grass) which exhibit hypoglycemic activity and are also known for their ability of beta cell regeneration  of pancreas. Sterols have also shown to decrease blood sugar in experimental animal models

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single dose intravenous iron carboxymaltose verses multidose iron sucrose in post-partum cases of severe iron deficiency anemia

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Anemia is the most common treatable, direct/indirect cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India.Methods: 100 cases with iron deficiency anemia in post-partum patient were selected from postpartum wards and assigned in two groups of 50 each. In group A iron carboxymaltose injection administered by intravenous infusion up to a maximum single dose of 20 ml of iron carboxymaltose injection (1000 mg of iron). In group B Iron sucrose was given as 200mg elemental iron (2 ampules of 5 ml) in 100ml of 0.9% normal saline infusion over 1 5 min alternate days up to 5 days. All patients were monitored for rise in hemoglobin level and any adverse effect at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks of iron therapy.Results: In group A mean Hemoglobin level rise is 3.95 g/dl and in group B it is 3.32 g/dl at 4 weeks of initial therapy. In group A 100% cases achieved target hemoglobin at 12 weeks after therapy while in group B 98% cases achieved target hemoglobin at 12 weeks after therapy. In group A 12% cases have grade 1 adverse reaction while in group B 20% cases have adverse reaction.Conclusions: Administration of intravenous iron has a good clinical result, with minimum adverse reactions. Thus we can conclude that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose therapy is safe, convenient, more effective and faster acting than intravenous iron sucrose for treatment of severe iron deficiency anemia in postpartum patient

Hydrobiological Studies in River Burhi Ganga in District Etah (U.P.), India

Water pollution is a major problem today. Excessive agricultural chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides, sewage and industrial effluent runoff in rivers and pollute aquatic ecosystem. It in turns affects the aquatic fauna and flora and water quality also. In the present study, quality of Burhi Ganga river water has been tested on the basis of some hydrobiological parameters like water hardness, total solids and dissolved oxygen

The physiological study of Twak Upadhatu w.s.r. to Skin

In Samhitas Twak/Twacha is described as outermost protective layer of body as well as largest sensory organ of body. According to Acharya Charaka, Twacha is the Mula of Mansavaha Srotas and Updhatu of Mansadhatu. Acharya Sushrut and Acharya Charak very minutely described its layers according to their functions and also diseases which are related to those layers. Modern health science described skin in detail according to division of cell. Skin, the largest organ of human body, holds significant importance in maintaining normal human physiological condition. The conceptual aspect of skin needs to be understood because skin disorder is outer exhibition of some kind of internal pathology. The ancient science of Ayurveda has noted its features ages back. Ayurveda, the “Science of Life”, is a real wealth of medical sciences. In Ayurvedic oldest text Sushruta Samhita- Shareer sthana, Acharya Sushruta has mentioned five sensory organs i.e. Gyanendriyas. Sparshanendriya is one of them whose Adhishthana is Twacha (skin). As we know, skin is the largest sense organ of the body which sense touch, pain, pressure, temperature etc. It is also known as “The First Line of Defense”. Ayurveda is real wealth of medical sciences which gives preference to prevention of health in healthy person and provides best treatment to diseased one. It believes in complete elimination of root cause of disorder rather than short-term relief. Skin is the largest and first site visible organ of body which acquires 1.5-2 square meter surface area of the body. It is not merely protecting covering but it is reflection of the internal system of the body