Symmetrical Peripheral Gangrene – A Rare Clinical Manifestation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Symmetrical peripheral gangrene (SPG) is a cutaneous manifestation of a wide array of infective and noninfective etiological factors and occurs due to hypoxemia, vasoconstriction, primary endothelial damage and/or decreased cardiac output. It is a devastating complication of underlying septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a high mortality rate and commonly requiring amputation of the affected limb in those who survive. We here describe a case that presented with fever, cough, blackish discoloration of fingers and generalized lymphadenopathy. Investigation revealed anemia, leukocytosis, coagulopathy and positive D-dimer test. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed evidence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Serum Electrolyte in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Though COPD is mainly a chronic disease, many patients experience exacerbations that are related to worst survival outcome, especially with abnormal serum electrolyte level. The objective of this study was to evaluate serum electrolyte levels among the patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Methods: Structured questionnaire and patients’ charts were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 and descriptive statistics were used to generate the research findings. Results: The mean age of the patients with Acute exacerbation of COPD was 69.57± 9.765 years. Among 100 patients, (83%) belonged to the age group of 60 years and above, (54%) were male, (74%) were married, (52%) were illiterate and (41%) were engaged in agriculture, (41%) consumed alcohol and (67%) were smokers. Dyspnoea (90%) was the most common symptom. The mean level of sodium and potassium were 133.8±4.830 mEq/L, 3.6±0.533 mmol/L, respectively. Fifty seven percent patients had electrolyte disorder. More than half (51%) had hyponatremia and (40%) had hypokalemia. The average value of pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 are 7.34 ± 0.727, 46.64 ± 9.787 mm Hg and 69.38 ± 9.255 mm Hg respectively. Among them, (18%) were in respiratory failure. Conclusion: This study concluded that hyponatremia and hypokalemia are prevalent electrolyte disorder with AE of COPD patients. Therefore, we recommend routine monitoring of the serum electrolytes for better outcomes of patients

Green synthesis of 5-methylpyridinium derivatives by C2-functionalization of pyridine-1-oxide derivatives and their antibacterial activity

An innovative green economic route has been developed for one pot multicomponent synthesis of 5-methylpyridinium derivatives by the reaction of 3-methylpyridine-1-oxide, aromatic aldehyde and β-ketoester catalysed by different ionic liquids (ILs), [BMIM][OH], [BMIM][Cl], [BMIM][Ac] in good to excellent yields. A relative study reinforced that [BMIM][OH] is the best IL for this C2-functionsalization reaction. The main highlights of this synthetic protocol are simple work-up, cost effectiveness and environmentally benign processing. The synthesized derivatives have been assessed for possible antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by using the microdilution method. The results of antibacterial activity suggests that compound 4I shows best antibacterial activity and other compounds show good to moderate activity

Cerebellar pilomyxoid astrocytoma

Pilomyxoid astrocytomas (P.M.A) are new class of Pilocytic Astrocytoma (P.A.) which typically have their origin in hypothalamus and chiasmatic region. There are very few case reports of PMAs arising from cerebellum. Their imaging features are similar to PA but they behave more aggressively than PA. The authors report a case of 10 year old male child who presented with right cerebellar tumour diagnosed as PMA on histopathology

Quality of life, sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, eating habits, and social bounds in nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in qatar (The PROTECTOR study): A cross-sectional, comparative study

There have been numerous concerns regarding the physical and mental health of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress, sleep deprivation, anxiety, and depression potentiated nurses’ vulnerability to poor eating habits. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the differences between nurses’ characteristics with COVID-19 facility designation, and sleep quality, depression, anxiety, stress, eating habits, social bonds, and quality of life. Design: A cross-sectional, comparative study. Methods: An online survey was sent using the corporation’s email to nurses working in three hospitals in Qatar from September to December 2020. One of them is a designated COVID-19 facility. The sleep quality, depression, eating habits, social bonds, and quality of life were measured using The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Results: A total of 200 nurses participated in the study (RR: 13.3%). No statistically significant association was found between designated facility (COVID-19 vs. not COVID-19) or nurses’ characteristics and ISI categories (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.54, 2.44). Nurses working in COVID-19 facilities had increased odds of having higher EEQ categories by 2.62 times (95% CI 1.18, 5.83). Similarly, no statistically significant associations were found between any of the nurses’ characteristics and OSSS-3 categories. On the other hand, no statistically significant associations were found between any of the nurses’ characteristics and QOL domains except for the gender and social relationships’ domain. Conclusion: Overall, the quality of life of nurses in Qatar is on a positive level whether they are assigned to a COVID-19 facility or not. Although no significant difference was found with regard to the sleep quality, stress, anxiety, depression, and eating habits between nurses in a COVID-19 facility and in a non-COVID-19 facility, special interventions to diminish stressors need to be implemented and maintained.This study was funded by the Medical Research Center at Hamad Medical Corporation (MRC-01-20-392)

Information Technology and Its Role in India's Economic Development: A Review

Information technology (IT) is an example of a general purpose technology that has the potential to play an important role in economic growth, as well as other dimensions of economic and social development. This paper reviews several interrelated aspects of the role of information technology in the evolution of India's economy. It considers the unexpected success of India's software export sector and the spillovers of this success into various IT enabled services, attempts to make IT and its benefits available to India's rural masses, e-commerce for the country's growing middle class, the use and impacts of IT in India's manufacturing sector, and various forms of e-governance, including internal systems as well as citizen interfaces. The paper concludes with an overall assessment of these different facets of IT in the context of the Indian economy

Women Workers in India: Why So Few Among So Many? IMF Working Paper Asia and Pacific Department Women Workers in India: Why So Few Among So Many?

Abstract This paper examines the determinants of female labor force participation in India, against the backdrop of India having one of the lowest participation rates for women among peer countries. Using extensive Indian household survey data, we model the labor force participation choices of women, conditional on demographic characteristics and education, as well as looking at the influence of state-level labor market flexibility and other state policies. Our main finding is that a number of policy initiatives can help boost female economic participation in the states of India, including increased labor market flexibility, investment in infrastructure, and enhanced social spending. JEL Classification Numbers: J16, J48, O1

Feasibility assessment of ondansetron hydrochloride transdermal systems: Physicochemical characterization and In vitro permeation studies

The present investigation aims at feasibility assessment of ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) based ondansetron hydrochloride matrix type transdermal systems. The effects of polymeric concentration, its blend and drug loading dose on the in vitro drug permeation from the transdermal patches has been investigated. Ratio of EC: PVP and drug loading dose were selected as independent variables and their influence on the amount drug permeated at 24 h, permeation flux and steady state permeability coefficient were studied using experimental design. Various physicochemical parameters were studied to assess the feasibility of the transdermal systems. Ratio of EC: PVP was found to be the main influential factor for all the dependent variables studied. Drug loading dose was also found to influence the dependent variables but to a lesser extent. Physicochemical parameters of the prepared patches were evaluated and found satisfactory. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed amorphous state of ondansetron in the transdermal system. The study indicated the need for permeation enhancement techniques to meet the clinical requirement.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

S: Feasibility assessment of ondansetron hydrochloride transdermal systems: Physicochemical characterization and In vitro permeation studies. Dev Ind Pharm

SUMMARY. The present investigation aims at feasibility assessment of ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) based ondansetron hydrochloride matrix type transdermal systems. The effects of polymeric concentration, its blend and drug loading dose on the in vitro drug permeation from the transdermal patches has been investigated. Ratio of EC: PVP and drug loading dose were selected as independent variables and their influence on the amount drug permeated at 24 h, permeation flux and steady state permeability coefficient were studied using experimental design. Various physicochemical parameters were studied to assess the feasibility of the transdermal systems. Ratio of EC: PVP was found to be the main influential factor for all the dependent variables studied. Drug loading dose was also found to influence the dependent variables but to a lesser extent. Physicochemical parameters of the prepared patches were evaluated and found satisfactory. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed amorphous state of ondansetron in the transdermal system. The study indicated the need for permeation enhancement techniques to meet the clinical requirement

A study of association of behavioral problems with scholastic backwardness in urban lower middle-class school children

Introduction: Scholastic backwardness is a common phenomenon with multifactorial etiology. Behavioral problems are known to occur in children who are scholastically backward (SB). These may be a part of the broad phenomenon, or may exist in cause and effect relationship with scholastic backwardness. Aims: The aim of this study is to study the presence of behavioral problems associated with scholastic backwardness in school-going children in Pune cantonment. Materials and Methods: A total of 300school children aged 8–14 years studying in Class III–IX from two government-aided semi-Marathi schools in Pune cantonment were screened for scholastic backwardness and evaluation of behavioral problems was carried out for positive cases and matched controls. Results: Out of the 28 SB children, behavioral problems were present in 17, giving a prevalence of 60.71%, in comparison with the scholastically normal (SN) group of 50, only 14 of which had behavioral problems, prevalence is 28%. A significant association was found between scholastic backwardness and behavioral problems, which were more prevalent in the SB group compared to matched controls. Conclusions: Behavioral problems are more prevalent among children who are SB when compared to their SN counterparts. Further research is required to assess in detail whether the behavioral problems are comorbid with scholastic backwardness, lead to scholastic backwardness or occur as a consequence of scholastic backwardness