A Spatial Look at Negative Externalities in Agricultural Landscapes: Seedless Mandarins and Honey Bee Pollination in California

When honey bees transport pollen across citrus orchards they can increase the number of seeds in varieties that remain seedless otherwise. An increase in seeds diminishes the market value of the fruit creating an externality between seedless growers and beekeepers. This paper investigates the efficiency of different policy resolution of this externality including a range of regulated spatial segregations of beekeeping and seedless farming with or without financial compensations. We develop a spatial model of honey foraging behavior to quantify the efficiencies and redistributions of different policies that may be used to correct this market failure. Some of these policies have been implemented others are being currently discussed in policy debates in the California citrus belt. This paper illustrates that quantifying biophysical processes that create externalities is a necessary step towards evaluating the economics efficiency of alternative solutions.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Prevalence and risk factors of helminths and intestinal protozoa infections among children from primary schools in western Tajikistan

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections represent a public health problem in Tajikistan, but epidemiological evidence is scarce. The present study aimed at assessing the extent of helminths and intestinal protozoa infections among children of 10 schools in four districts of Tajikistan, and to make recommendations for control. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in early 2009. All children attending grades 2 and 3 (aged 7-11 years) from 10 randomly selected schools were invited to provide a stool sample and interviewed about sanitary situation and hygiene behaviour. A questionnaire pertaining to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics was addressed to the heads of households. On the spot, stool samples were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smear examination for helminth diagnosis. Additionally, 1-2 g of stool was fixed in sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin, transferred to a specialized laboratory in Europe and examined for helminths and intestinal protozoa. The results from both methods combined served as diagnostic 'gold' standard. RESULTS: Out of 623 registered children, 602 participated in our survey. The overall prevalence of infection with helminths and pathogenic intestinal protozoa was 32.0% and 47.1%, respectively. There was pronounced spatial heterogeneity. The most common helminth species was Hymenolepis nana (25.8%), whereas the prevalences of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Enterobius vermicularis were below 5%. The prevalence of pathogenic intestinal protozoa, namely Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar was 26.4% and 25.9%, respectively. Almost half of the households draw drinking water from unimproved sources, such as irrigation canals, rivers and unprotected wells. Sanitary facilities were pit latrines, mostly private, and a few shared with neighbours. The use of public tap/standpipe as a source of drinking water emerged as a protective factor for G. intestinalis infection. Protecte spring water reduced the risk of infection with E. histolytica/E. dispar and H. nana. CONCLUSIONS: Our data obtained from the ecological 'lowland' areas in western Tajikistan call for school-based deworming (recommended drugs: albendazole and metronidazole), combined with hygiene promotion and improved sanitation. Further investigations are needed to determine whether H. nana represents a public health problem

A Spatial Look at Negative Externalities in Agricultural Landscapes: Seedless Mandarins and Honey Bee Pollination in California

When honey bees transport pollen across citrus orchards they can increase the number of seeds in varieties that remain seedless otherwise. An increase in seeds diminishes the market value of the fruit creating an externality between seedless growers and beekeepers. This paper investigates the efficiency of different policy resolution of this externality including a range of regulated spatial segregations of beekeeping and seedless farming with or without financial compensations. We develop a spatial model of honey foraging behavior to quantify the efficiencies and redistributions of different policies that may be used to correct this market failure. Some of these policies have been implemented others are being currently discussed in policy debates in the California citrus belt. This paper illustrates that quantifying biophysical processes that create externalities is a necessary step towards evaluating the economics efficiency of alternative solutions

Residual stress effects in micro-engineered sensors

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Common ragweed invasion in Sweden: impacts of the lag phase on human health

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is a neophyte from North America that has spread rapidly throughout Europe. Because the pollen of common ragweed is highly allergic, many countries have adopted containment and mitigation measures. The neophyte has only recently established flowering populations in Sweden. We use this well documented case to study the early impacts of an invasive species on human health. Our identification strategy relies on spatial and temporal variation in common ragweed populations and health data for 1998-2011, applying panel-data estimation techniques. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we test and correct for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Our estimates show that an invasive species still in its lag phase can yet have adverse impacts on human health

Etude rétrospective de l'utilisation des D-dimères dans le diagnostic de la maladie thromboembolique chez les sujets de plus de 75 ans dans un eservice de médecine interne

PARIS7-Villemin (751102101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Infection du liquide d'ascite chez le patient atteint de cirrhose (Définition et mécanisme, intérêt de l'antibioprophylaxie primaire et secondaire)

LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

LA TUBERCULOSE ILEO-CAECALE (A PROPOS D'UNE OBSERVATION)

PARIS6-Bibl.Pitié-Salpêtrie (751132101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Recours des médecins généralistes à l'ostéopathie (enquête auprès de médecins généralistes de Loire-Atlantique et Vendée)

L'ostéopathie fait partie des médecines dites alternatives , largement utilisée par les patients actuellement en France. Il semblerait que les médecins généralistes l'intègrent également peu à peu dans leur arsenal thérapeutique, mais que le recours à celle-ci reste informel , c'est-à-dire sans adressage écrit du patient, de la part du médecin, à l'ostéopathe. Or le courrier est un outil clé de la coordination et de la qualité des soins délivrés au patient. Qu'en est-il réellement des liens entre médecins et ostéopathes ? Quels facteurs influencent ces liens ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une enquête préliminaire quantitative par questionnaire auprès de 120 médecins généralistes a été réalisée, suivie d'une enquête compréhensive qualitative par entretiens semi-dirigés menée auprès de 20 médecins généralistes ayant déjà eu recours à l'ostéopathie pour certains de leurs patients. 72% des médecins interrogés par questionnaire avaient déjà adressé un patient à un ostéopathe, dont 16% en établissant un courrier. Les facteurs évoqués au cours des entretiens pour expliquer l'absence d'adressage formel étaient principalement la situation hors parcours de soins coordonnés de l'ostéopathie, le problème du temps nécessaire à la rédaction d'un courrier, et l'inutilité de celui-ci estimée pour le patient. De nombreux autres facteurs semblaient influencer le type de recours des médecins, un même facteur n'entraînant pas toujours des pratiques identiques. Ces différences de comportement pourraient être expliquées par la situation complexe de l'ostéopathie en France actuellement, et par l'absence de guide de bonne pratique à l'usage des médecins dans ce domaine, ceux-ci se référant alors à leur expérience clinique personnelle pour utiliser l'ostéopathie.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF