Comparative Study on SOC Estimation Techniques for Optimal Battery Sizing for Hybrid Vehicles

Automotive Industry is growing at a very fast rate. Hence problems pertaining to the increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere and the ever increasing fuel rates also increase. Electric and Hybrid electric technology has become the latest milestone for the automotive industry. In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), the reliable range of operation is characterized by batteries and battery state of charge (SOC), that describes its remaining capacity, is an important factor for providing the control strategy for the battery management system (BMS) in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and electric vehicles (EV). Accuracy in estimation of the SOC is necessary not only to protect the battery, prevent it’s over discharge, and improve the battery life but also to allow the application to make rational control strategies to save energy. However, the chemical energy of a battery which is a chemical energy storage source cannot be directly accessed and this issue makes the estimation of the SOC of a battery difficult. Hence, estimation of the SOC accurately becomes very complex and is difficult to implement, as there are parametric uncertainties and the battery models are limited. In fact, in practice several examples of models of the estimation of the SOC are found which have poor accuracy and reliability. Hence a comparative study done in this paper on the various methods will help choose the right method based on the requirements and the application. This paper also reviews a case study on modeling and simulation of one of the methods of SOC estimation and efforts have been put in obtaining the performance of Li-ion batteries by calculating the SOC using Coulomb counting method in MATLAB Simulink. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16044

Predetermination of Performance Parameters of 3-phase Induction Motor using Numerical Technique Tools

The Circle Diagram was used in past for the performance evaluation of 3-phase induction motor under different load conditions. But, now it is not preferred due to availability of programs for detailed analysis. The per-phase equivalent circuit is also not that suitable to estimate the dynamic performance. In this paper, a method is suggested to determine the performance using dq-model.  The objective of this paper is to describe modelling in terms of dq variables. The analysis under steady state condition is done using numerical technique tools. The numerical tools such as Gauss-Seidel and Successive Relaxation methods are used and the results are compared with that obtained from the experiment conducted in the laboratory. The comparison of results confirms the validity as well as the accuracy of the proposed methods, as yet another approach to predetermine the performance

Rural Load Management Using Information Technology

The mismatch between the generation and demand for electrical power is increasing at an alarming rate. This is mainly due shortage of conventional resources, use of appropriate technology for alternate energy sources and lack of awareness about energy conservation. Power supply to domestic, commercial and industrial consumers is a difficult task to the utilities controlled by the government. In rural India, irrigation pump sets are the major loads. The technical aptitude, attitude and co operation of the consumers helps a lot in energy management. The strategic power supply is affected if the consumers are not complying with the norms. A strategy is framed to provide power to domestic appliances around the clock and agricultural consumers on time division basis. But the local technicians play a corruptive role to violate this which is leading to overloading/failure of the distribution transformers frequently. Here, an attempt is made to devise a method to overcome the problem of agricultural consumers who are getting power on time division basis. A control unit is installed at each distribution station to automatically monitor and control the power supply to domestic and agricultural consumers as per the pre defined schedule. This paper explains the use of electronics and information technology in rural areas for better management of the power supply and consumption. The unauthorized connection leading to failure of distribution transformers is also taken care

Total Synthesis and Evaluation of c26-Hydroxyepothilone D Derivatives for Photoaffinity Labeling of β-Tubulin

Three photaffinity labeled derivatives of epothilone D were prepared by total synthesis, using efficient novel asymmetric synthesis methods for the preparation of two important synthetic building blocks. The key step for the asymmetric synthesis of (S,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-methyl-5-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)pent-4-enal involved a ketone reduction with (R)-Me-CBS-oxazaborolidine. For the synthesis of (5S)-5,7-di-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4,4-dimethylheptan-3-one an asymmetric Noyori reduction of a β-ketoester was employed. The C26 hydroxyepothilone D derivative was constructed following a well-established total synthesis strategy and the photoaffinity labels were attached to the C26 hydroxyl group. The photoaffinity analogues were tested in a tubulin assembly assay and for cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. The 3- and 4-azidobenzoic acid analogues were found to be as active as epothilone B in a tubulin assembly assay, but demonstrated significantly reduced cellular cytotoxicity compared to epothilone B. The benzophenone analogue was inactive in both assays. Docking and scoring studies were conducted that suggested that the azide analogues can bind to the epothilone binding site, but that the benzophenone analogue undergoes a sterically driven ligand rearrangement that interrupts all hydrogen bonding and therefore protein binding. Photoaffinity labeling studies with the 3-azidobenzoic acid derivative did not identify any covalently labeled peptide fragments, suggesting that the phenylazido side chain was predominantly solvent-exposed in the bound conformation

Allosteric Indole Amide Inhibitors of p97: Identification of a Novel Probe of the Ubiquitin Pathway

A high-throughput screen to discover inhibitors of p97 ATPase activity identified an indole amide that bound to an allosteric site of the protein. Medicinal chemistry optimization led to improvements in potency and solubility. Indole amide 3 represents a novel uncompetitive inhibitor with excellent physical and pharmaceutical properties that can be used as a starting point for drug discovery efforts