Synthesis of extended Janus ring and tricyclic laddersiloxanes from Janus ring siloxane

学位記番号：理工博甲6

Effect of Operating Condition on Performance of Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor at Thermophilic Temperature

Anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR), like the upflow anaerobic sludge bed-fixed film reactor, was applied to treat and produce methane from raw palm oil mill effluent (POME) with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid (SS). This study was aimed at improving anaerobically digested POME at thermophilic temperature (55 °C) through optimization of organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). COD removal and methane production were measured as indicators of the reactor performance as well as pH and ratio of total volatile acid (TVA) and alkalinity (Alk) were used for the reactor stability. Microbial activities of inoculum seed for acidogens and methanogens at thermophilic temperature were 0.17 gCODmethane/gVSS.d and 0.72 gCODglucose/gVSS.d, respectively. Experimental results within 78 days showing that OLR and HRT of AHR for methane production increased from 1.2 to 5.5 gCOD/l.d and shortened from 20 to 10 d, respectively. AHR was investigated in order to achieve high reactor performance and stability. High microbial activities of acidogens and methanogens in sludge and packed zones of AHR were found during operation. High performances of COD removal efficiency and methane production rate were in the range of 80-90% and increased from 1.35 to 7.82 l/d, respectively, when the OLR increased and HRT decreased within the tested range. In addition, methane yield coefficient was increased from 0.19 to 0.32 lCH4/gCOD removed.High reactor stability could keep in pH 7.0-8.0 andTVA/Alk was lower than 0.5. Keywords: Anaerobic hybrid reactor, Palm oil mill effluent, Operating condition, Thermophilic temperature

The Utilization of Integration of Stem Education Approach with Five Steps Learning Process to Enhance Learning Achievement and Problem Solving Abilities

This study is aimed (1) to compare learning achievement and problem solving abilities after using STEM Education approach with five STEPs Learning Process between before and after the learning, and (2) to compare learning achievement and problem solving abilities of grade ten students after using Stem Education approach with five STEPs Learning Process with the set 70 percent criteria. The participants were 40 grade ten students who studied in the second semester of 2018 academic year from school of Saint Gabriel’s Foundation using cluster sampling. The research instruments were, (1) Stem Education approach with five STEPs Learning Process lesson plan, (2) Learning Achievement Test, and (3) Problem Solving Abilities Test. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test for dependent sample, and t-test for one sample. The results indicated that (1) The Posttest mean scores of learning achievement and problem solving abilities of grade ten students after learning with the STEM Education approach with the five STEPs Learning Process were statistically significantly higher than the Pretest mean scores at the .01 level. And (2) The Posttest mean scores of learning achievement and problem solving abilities of grade ten students after learning with the STEM Education approach with the five STEPs Learning Process were statistically significantly higher than the set 70 percent criteria at the .01 level

Hinterland Provinces in Relation to Migration to Bangkok

Higher Educatio

Contributions of available substrates and activities of trophic microbial community to methanogenesis in vegetative and reproductive rice rhizospheric soil

Abstract: Potential of methane production and trophic microbial activities at rhizospheric soil during rice cv. Supanburi 1 cultivation were determined by laboratory anaerobic diluents vials. The methane production was higher from rhizospheric than non-rhizospheric soil, with the noticeable peaks during reproductive phase (RP) than vegetative phase (VP). Glucose, ethanol and acetate were the dominant available substrates found in rhizospheric soil during methane production at both phases. The predominance activities of trophic microbial consortium in methanogenesis, namely fermentative bacteria (FB), acetogenic bacteria (AGB), acetate utilizing bacteria (AB) and acetoclastic methanogens (AM) were also determined. At RP, these microbial groups were enhanced in the higher of methane production than VP. This correlates with our finding that methane production was greater at the rhizospheric soil with the noticeable peaks during RP (1,150 ± 60 nmol g dw ) with its high activity at RP, compared to the less activity with AM number at VP (9.8x10 2 cell g dw -1 ). Levels of AM are low in the total microbial population, being less than 1% of AB. These evidences revealed that the microbial consortium of these two phases were different

Genetic signatures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nonthaburi genotype revealed by whole genome analysis of isolates from tuberculous meningitis patients in Thailand.

Genome sequencing plays a key role in understanding the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). The genotype-specific character of M. tb contributes to tuberculosis severity and emergence of drug resistance. Strains of M. tb complex can be classified into seven lineages. The Nonthaburi (NB) genotype, belonging to the Indo-Oceanic lineage (lineage 1), has a unique spoligotype and IS6110-RFLP pattern but has not previously undergone a detailed whole genome analysis. In addition, there is not much information available on the whole genome analysis of M. tb isolates from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients in public databases. Isolates CSF3053, 46-5069 and 43-13838 of NB genotype were obtained from the cerebrospinal fluids of TBM Thai patients in Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok. The whole genomes were subjected to high throughput sequencing. The sequence data of each isolate were assembled into draft genome. The sequences were also aligned to reference genome, to determine genomic variations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained and grouped according to the functions of the genes containing them. They were compared with SNPs from 1,601 genomes, representing the seven lineages of M. tb complex, to determine the uniqueness of NB genotype. Susceptibility to first-line, second-line and other antituberculosis drugs were determined and related to the SNPs previously reported in drug-resistant related genes. The assembled genomes have an average size of 4,364,461 bp, 4,154 genes, 48 RNAs and 64 pseudogenes. A 500 base pairs deletion, which includes ppe50, was found in all isolates. RD239, specific for members of Indo Oceanic lineage, and RD147c were identified. A total of 2,202 SNPs were common to the isolates and used to classify the NB strains as members of sublineage 1.2.1. Compared with 1,601 genomes from the seven lineages of M. tb complex, mutation G2342203C was found novel to the isolates in this study. Three mutations (T28910C, C1180580T and C152178T) were found only in Thai NB isolates, including isolates from previous study. Although drug susceptibility tests indicated pan-susceptibility, non-synonymous SNPs previously reported to be associated with resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs; isoniazid, ethambutol, and ethionamide were identified in all the isolates. Non-synonymous SNPs were found in virulence genes such as the genes playing roles in apoptosis inhibition and phagosome arrest. We also report polymorphisms in essential genes, efflux pumps associated genes and genes with known epitopes. The analysis of the TBM isolates and the availability of the variations obtained will provide additional resources for global comparison of isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis and TBM. It will also contribute to the richness of genomic databases towards the prediction of antibiotic resistance, level of virulence and of origin of infection

Intact pks15/1 in Non–W-Beijing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates

To determine whether intact pks15/1 is unique to the W-Beijing family, we investigated 147 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with different IS6110 genotypes. Intact pks15/1 was found in 87.8% of cerebrospinal fluid and 84.9% of sputum isolates. It was found not only in W-Beijing strains (≈97%) but also in other genotypes (38.5%–100%)