Le livre de connaissances électronique

National audienceThis article describes a method to collect, formalise, organise and display knowledge in what we call an "electronic knowledge book". The development of such a document is based on knowledge modelling. This is a complementary approach to information retrieval, dedicated to knowledge exploitation by using a document base. The proposed method assumes that knowledge in an organisation is seen as a sign system as well as a complex system. Hence the modelling process is built on a semiotic and systemic base. The comprehension by the reader comes from the semiotic process of model interpretation. Hypermedia browsing is then fundamental, hypermedia design is consequently critical. A conceptual architecture is proposed for coupling the electronic knowledge book with an information retrieval tool, in order to get a system for "meaning management".Cet article présente une démarche pour recueillir, formaliser, organiser et restituer des connaissances sous une forme appelée "livre de connaissances électronique". L'élaboration de ce document se fait par modélisation des connaissances. Elle complète les méthodes basées sur la recherche d'information qui visent à exploiter des connaissances en tirant parti d'un fonds documentaire existant. L'approche proposée suppose que la connaissance dans une organisation est à la fois un système de signes et un système complexe. Le processus de modélisation est donc fondé sur la sémiotique et sur la systémique. La restitution est basée sur le processus sémiotique d'interprétation des modèles de connaissances par le lecteur. L'exploration hypermédia y joue un rôle fondamental, ce qui rend critique le travail de conception hypermédia. Une architecture conceptuelle est proposée pour coupler le livre électronique de connaissances avec un outil de recherche d'information afin de disposer d'un système de "gestion du sens"

Gestaltung einer Heizstruktur für den miniaturisierten Probeneinlass eines Unterwasser-Massenspektrometers

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Understanding its biogeochemical cycle helps to understand the mechanism of climate change. Mass spectroscopes are used to detect methane in seawater because the concentrations are very low and other instruments thus fail to detect this molecule. The literature shows that an internal heating of the membrane greatly increases the performance of the spectrometers at great depth. This master studies the feasibility of integrating a new, energy efficient heating management system in the spectrometer. In addition, it defines the structure of a regulation system by internal heating. To check if the system will work and these performances, the first step is to model the system to validate the concept and performance. The system has been divided into 4 subsystems. Each subsystem was modeled analytically. Then the analytical models were compared with FEM simulations. Finally, a prototype was built to design the sensors needed for thermal regulation and their electronics. In summary, this work shows a consistent concept for the development of a thermal management system to improve the sensitivity of marine mass spectroscopy. Key Word: mass spectrometer, heat management, 3D printing, deep water, sensor

Gestion des connaissances dans le domaine de la dosimétrie en réacteur

National audienceCet article décrit le déroulement d'un projet de gestion des connaissances dans le domaine de la dosimétrie en réacteur. La méthodologie employée est d'abord présentée de façon générale. Le cycle d'abstraction qu'elle préconise fait intervenir plusieurs modèles qui sont adaptés aux différents aspects d'un problème de gestion des connaissances. Le déroulement du projet est ensuite détaillé en confrontant ces modèles avec leur mise en application dans un cas réel. Le bilan de ce projet aborde les problèmes méthodologiques, les aspects organisationnels et les liens avec l'assurance qualité dans le cadre d'un processus d'accréditation

Knowledge management for modelling nuclear power plants control in incidental and accidental states

International audienceThe two main objectives of the project are: *) Knowledge capitalisation : to integrate the huge amount of knowledge accumulated by EDF during those last twenty years on safety, summarised in the APE (Approche Par Etats, State-oriented Approach), methodology which is an approach based on the continuous analysis of the plant state, not involving the plant history. *) Complexity management: to build a model of the plant control in incidental and accidental states enabling: 1) To understand the control actions related to the physics processes actually taking place in the plant 2) To explain every control task in relation with the process it controls 3) To put every control task in the general context of operator's activity Hence, the result of the project is a model (in fact several models), built according to a knowledge management methodology, describing several pertinent point of views on plant control, based on APE. This model fulfils the above requirements, and then can be used for training the operators to incidental and accidental situations. To facilitate the consultation of this model, hypermedia software has been implemente

Cupid\u27s Captives

Illustration of hearts and butterflieshttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/3874/thumbnail.jp

All-cause Mortality During Covid-19 Vaccinations in European Active Populations

peer reviewedThe question whether Covid-19 vaccination campaigns could have had an immediate negative impact on excess deaths continues to be debated two years later, in particular in the less than 45 years old. When the age-stratified (anonymized) vaccination status of deceased will be publicly available, the debate should come to an end. In the meantime, this paper provides three new statistical analyses that further shed light on the matter. Two of them connect the temporality of all-cause mortality data with injection data. Another analysis, using internet search trends, investigates possible alternative explanations. We deem that taken together, as it is done in this paper, those three analyses reinforce our previous conclusions suggesting caution when it comes to vaccinating/boosting young European populations