N,N′,N′′,N′′′-Tetrakis(2-methylphenyl)­oxybis(phospho­nic diamide): a redetermination at 150 K with Mo Kα radiation

The structure of the title compound, C28H32N4O3P2, has been redetermined at 150 K, with much improved precision. The structure and mol­ecular packing of the title compound was previously determined using Cu Kα radiation, with an R value of 0.0933 [Cameron et al. (1978 ▶). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 33, 728–730]. The c-axis length in this structure [13.8401 (8) Å] is almost half that reported in the original study. In the title compound, two (C6H4(2-CH3)NH)2P(O) units are bridged via an O atom [P—O—P = 133.31 (11)°]. The P atoms adopt a slightly distorted tetra­hedral coordination geometry. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯OP hydrogen bonds into extended chains parallel to the c axis. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O=P hydrogen bond is also found in the mol­ecule

ANORECTAL DISEASES IN AVICENNA’S “CANON OF MEDICINE”

Although the development of modern medicine has helped us detect and treat diseases better than in the past, especially in the field of surgery; the history of medicine may be a trigger that can help us use neglected aspects of prior knowledge for the advancement of modern-day science. Since historical papers that have specifically focused on anorectal diseases are rare, but those that exist contain brief discussions in this field, the current study aims to present a detailed review of Avicenna’s approach to anorectal diseases. Therefore, we reviewed On the Diseases of the Anus, the 17th chapter of the third volume of the Canon of Medicine written by Avicenna, and compared his views on the classification and diagnosis of, and the approach to anorectal diseases with that of modern proctology. Avicenna discussed in detail about anorectal diseases such as hemorrhoid, fissure, perianal abscess and fistula, rectal prolapse, fecal incontinence, and pruritus ani. In addition, we introduce herbs which Avicenna used to treat these diseases. Our findings show that Avicenna’s views on the classification and diagnosis of, and the approach to anorectal diseases have few fundamental differences with modern medicine. In addition, the pharmacological effects of some of the herbs that were recommended by Avicenna, and are used in current medicine are proven. Thus the Medieval knowledge can be further scientifically investigated to develop new therapeutic options for anorectal diseases.Premda nam je razvoj moderne medicine pomogao bolje negoli je to bilo u prošlosti detektirati i tretirati bolesti, napose u polju kirurgije, povijest bi medicine mogao biti okidač koji nam može pomoći u korištenju zanemarenih aspekata prijašnjeg znanja, a za unapređenje suvremene znanosti. Budući da su povijesni tekstovi koji se usko fokusiraju na anorektalne bolesti rijetki, ali oni koji postoje sadrže kratku diskusiju u polju, ova studija nastoji detaljno prikazati Avicenin pristup anorektalnim bolestima. Zbog toga smo prikazali 17. poglavlje trećeg sveska Avicenina Kanona medicine, „O bolestima anusa“, i usporedili njegove poglede na klasifikaciju i dijagnozu te pristup anorektalnim bolestima s onima moderne proktologije. Avicena je detaljno raspravljao o anorektalnim bolestima kao što su hemoroidi, rascjep (fisura), perianalni apsces i kanal (fistula), rektalni prolaps, fekalna inkontinencija i analni svrbež. U nastavku predstavljamo trave koje je Avicena koristio za tretiranje spomenutih bolesti. Naše istraživanje pokazuje da Avicenini pogledi na klasifikaciju i dijagnozu te pristup anorektalnim bolestima imaju malo fundamentalnih razlika s modernom medicinom. Zatim su dokazani farmakološki efekti nekih trava koje je preporučivao Avicena i koji se koriste u sadašnjoj medicini. Dakle srednjovjekovno znanje može biti dalje znanstveno proučavano za razvijanje novih terapijskih mogućnosti za anorektalne bolest

N-Benzoyl-N′,N′′-dicyclo­hexyl­phospho­ric triamide

In the title compound, C19H30N3O2P, the central P atom has a distorted tetra­hedral configuration. The N atoms in both cyclo­hexyl­amide moieties exhibit a slight deviation [0.32 (7) and 0.44 (6) Å] from planarity, while the benzoyl­amide N atom is planar [0.11 (3) Å]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O(P) and N—H⋯O(C) hydrogen bonds, forming R 2 2(10) rings within linear arrangements parallel to the b axis

N,N′-Dibenzyl-N,N′-dimethyl-N′′-(4-nitro­benzo­yl)phospho­ric triamide

The P atom in the title compound, C23H25N4O4P, is in a slightly distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment and the N atoms show sp 2 character. The phosphoryl group and the NH unit are syn with respect to each other. In the crystal, pairs of inter­molecular N—H⋯O(P) hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric dimers

Proteomic Profiles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by a Liver Differentiation Protocol

The replacement of disease hepatocytes and the stimulation of endogenous or exogenous regeneration by human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for liver-directed cell therapy. In this study, we isolated MSCs from adult bone marrow by plastic adhesion and induced differentiation with a liver differentiation protocol. Western blot analyses were used to assess the expression of liver-specific markers. Next, MSC-specific proteins were analyzed with two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF)-mass spectrometry (MS). To confirm the results from the proteomic study, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed. We demonstrated that MSCs treated with the liver differentiation protocol expressed significantly more albumin, CK19 and CK20, than did undifferentiated cells. In addition the results of proteomic study demonstrated increases expression of FEM1B, PSMC2 and disulfide-isomerase A3 in MSCs treated with the liver differentiation protocol. These results from proteomic profiling will not only provide insight into the global responses of MSCs to hepatocyte differentiation, but will also lead to in-depth studies on the mechanisms of proteomic changes in MSCs

Review: Lipid and myoglobin oxidations in muscle foods

Lipid oxidation and myoglobin oxidation in muscle foods occur in a concurrent manner and each process appears to enhance the other. During oxidation of oxymyoglobin, both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are produced and further react with iron to produce hydroxyl radical. The hydroxyl radical has the ability to penetrate into the hydrophobic lipid region and hence facilitates lipid oxidation. The prooxidant effect of oxymyoglobin on lipid oxidation is concentrationdependent. At equimolar concentrations, oxymyoglobin shows higher prooxidative activity towards lipid than metmyoglobin. However, the catalytic activity of metmyoglobin is promoted by hydrogen peroxide. The reaction between hydrogen peroxide and metmyoglobin results in the formation of two active hypervalent myoglobin species, perferrylmyoglobin and ferrylmyoglobin, which are responsible for lipid oxidation. Additionally, lipid oxidation results in a wide range of aldehyde products, which are reported to induce the oxidation of oxymyoglobin. Metmyoglobin formation is generally greater in the presence of unsaturated aldehydes than their saturated counterparts of equivalent carbon chain length. In addition, increasing chain length of aldehydes, from hexenal through nonenal, results in the increased metmyoglobin formation. Moreover, aldehydes alter myoglobin redox stability by increasing oxymyoglobin oxidation, decreasing the metmyoglobin reduction via enzymatic process, and enhance the prooxidant activity of metmyoglobin. Therefore, the oxidation of both lipid and myoglobin directly affect the quality and acceptability of muscle foods and the lowering of such a phenomenon can enhance the shelf-life stability of those foods

การจำแนกคุณลักษณะของโปรตีนกล้ามเนื้อและอันตรกิริยาระหว่างโปรตีนไมโอไฟบริลกับไมโอโกกลบินของปลาเนื้อดำที่ใช้ผลิตซูริมิ

Thesis (Ph.D., Food Technology)--Prince of Songkla University, 200