Accuracy of Residential Water Meters in Response to Short, Intermittent Flows

In this study, water meter accuracy in response to short, intermittent flows was tested. Burst flows have short durations (a few seconds or less), and occur at a variety of flow rates. For some types of meters, it is difficult to accurately measure short, intermittent flow rates. Depending on the meter type, an intermittent flow can result in either under-registering or over-registering of the actual throughput. During the testing for this research, water was passed through meters for various time combinations, test setups, and flows. It should be understood that realistically, a household setting will not see burst flows occurring in a repeated manner. For the purposes of laboratory testing, however, time-on and condensed time-off combinations were used. The reduced time off allowed for a controlled test procedure and efficient data collection. Ultrasonic, electromagnetic, nutating disc, and oscillating piston meters were tested. The meter types were found to perform differently under the varying test setups, time combinations, and flow rates. The electromagnetic meters were generally unaffected by burst flows. Burst flows caused one of the ultrasonic meter models to have decreased accuracies, while the other model remained mostly unaffected. Nutating disc and oscillating piston meters were generally affected by burst flows only at the lowest flow

An Analysis and Evaluation of the Methods of Reporting Pupils\u27 Progress in the Elementary Schools of Utah

This study of the pupil-progress reports of the elementary school of the state of Utah came about as the result of an assignment of the late Superintendent Keith Wahlquist. In answer to requests of local teachers and principals, a committee was assigned to make an investigation and recommendations for a revision of our reporting system. The work with the committee led to further study, which finally led to the writing of this thesis

Mechanics of River Avulsions on Lowland River Deltas

Lowland deltas are home to over 0.5 billion people and some of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. Deltas are highly dynamic landscapes, and at the largest scale grow through repeated construction of depositional lobes punctuated by river avulsions – abrupt shifts in river course to the shoreline. River avulsions have been responsible for dangerous floods and civil unrest over human history, but also counter land loss due to sea-level rise and coastal subsidence by nourishing wetlands with sediment. Despite the central role avulsions play on lowland deltas, the processes controlling their location and frequency remain poorly understood compared to steeper environments such as alluvial fans. This thesis is focused on the mechanics of river avulsions on lowland deltas, and the factors controlling their location and frequency. Chapter 1 addresses the origin of a preferential avulsion site on river deltas, using a novel modeling framework that unites previous work to incorporate backwater hydrodynamics, river-mouth progradation, relative sea-level rise, variable flood regimes, and cycles of lobe construction, abandonment, and reoccupation. Chapter 2 focuses on changes to avulsion frequency caused by relative sea-level rise, incorporating a combination of theory, field data, and numerical modeling. Chapter 3 explores general model predictions for avulsion location and timing during climate change, including rising and falling sea level, imbalances in upstream water and sediment supply, and the magnitude and frequency of storm events. Finally, Chapter 4 presents a scaled laboratory experiment where models and theory for lowland delta avulsion mechanics were put to the test. The work presented in this thesis offers new tools to predict river avulsions on densely populated lowland deltas, and allows for comparison with existing models of coastal restoration that fail to account for river avulsion mechanics and the hydrodynamics of lowland rivers.</p

Providing secure remote access to legacy applications

While the widespread adoption of Internet and Intranet technology has been one of the exciting developments of recent years, many hospitals are finding that their data and legacy applications do not naturally fit into the new methods of dissemination. Existing applications often rely on isolation or trusted networks for their access control or security, whereas untrusted wide area networks pay little attention to the authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of the data they transport. Many hospitals do not have the resources to develop new ''network-ready'' versions of existing centralised applications. In this paper, we examine the issues that must be considered when providing network access to an existing health care application, and we describe how we have implemented the proposed solution in one healthcare application namely the diabetic register at Hope Hospital. We describe the architecture that allows remote access to the legacy application, providing it with encrypted communications and strongly authenticated access control but without requiring any modifications to the underlying application. As well as comparing alternative ways of implementing such a system, we also consider issues relating to usability and manageability, such as password management

Initial Experiences of Building Secure Access to Patient Confidential Data via the Internet

A project to enable health care professionals (GPs, practice nurses and diabetes nurse specialists) to access, via the Internet, confidential patient data held on a secondary care (hospital) diabetes information system, has been implemented. We describe the application that we chose to distribute (a diabetes register); the security mechanisms we used to protect the data (a public key infrastructure with strong encryption and digitally signed messages, plus a firewall); the reasons for the implementation decisions we made; the validation testing that we performed and the preliminary results of the pilot implementation

Coping with Poorly Understood Domains: the Example of Internet Trust

The notion of trust, as required for secure operations over the Internet, is important for ascertaining the source of received messages. How can we measure the degree of trust in authenticating the source? Knowledge in the domain is not established, so knowledge engineering becomes knowledge generation rather than mere acquisition. Special techniques are required, and special features of KBS software become more important than in conventional domains. This paper generalizes from experience with Internet trust to discuss some techniques and software features that are important for poorly understood domains

Letter from Rev. John W. Chadwick, 1887-01-02, Brooklyn, N.Y., to Anne Whitney

https://repository.wellesley.edu/whitney_correspondence/2508/thumbnail.jp

Bright crater outflows: Possible emplacement mechanisms

Lobate features with a strong backscatter are associated with 43 percent of the impact craters cataloged in Magellan's cycle 1. Their apparent thinness and great lengths are consistent with a low-viscosity material. The longest outflow yet identified is about 600 km in length and flows from the 90-km-diameter crater Addams. There is strong evidence that the outflows are largely composed of impact melt, although the mechanisms of their emplacement are not clearly understood. High temperatures and pressures of target rocks on Venus allow for more melt to be produced than on other terrestrial planets because lower shock pressures are required for melting. The percentage of impact craters with outflows increases with increasing crater diameter. The mean diameter of craters without outflows is 14.4 km, compared with 27.8 km for craters with outflows. No craters smaller than 3 km, 43 percent of craters in the 10- to 30-km-diameter range, and 90 percent in the 80- to 100-km-diameter range have associated bright outflows. More melt is produced in the more energetic impact events that produce larger craters. However, three of the four largest craters have no outflows. We present four possible mechanisms for the emplacement of bright outflows. We believe this 'shotgun' approach is justified because all four mechanisms may indeed have operated to some degree

Canada Council's Killam Research Fellowships: Distribution of Awards 1968-84

An analysis of the distribution of Killam Research Fellowships awarded by Canada Council over a seventeen-year period reveals a pattern which is examined in relation to the distribution of applications from universities. The existing situation is discussed with reference to previous studies of peer review systems and to implications for Canadian research. Encouragement of increased participation across Canada is suggested as one possible concern for Canada Council policy.Les résultats d'une analyse de la répartition des bourses de chercheur-boursier de la fondation Killam, allouées par le Conseil des Arts du Canada sur une période de dix-sept années, et la répartition des demandes de bourses provenant de différentes universités ont fait l'objet d'une étude comparative. L'on discute de la situation actuellement par rapport à des études préalables sur les mécanismes d'évaluation par les pairs et leurs répercussions sur la recherche au Canada. On suggère que la politique du Conseil des Arts encourage, entre autres, une participation active et grandissante dans tout le Canada