Proyecto validación de tecnología para el cultivo de la caña y procesamiento para panela en la región del Ariari :informe ejecutivo

El cultivo de la caña en la región del Ariari ocupa un lugar de importancia económica y social al cultivarse alrededor de 1.400 hectáreas que benefician a 1.200 familias campesinas y generan alrededor de 230.000 empleos directos e indirectos al año. Las principales zonas productoras de caña están ubicadas en Mesetas, Uribe, La Macarena, Granada y Lejanías enmarcadas dentro de la cordillera oriental en las cuencas hidrográficas de los ríos Ariari, Guejar y Guayabero en una extensión de 25.219 km 2 en donde predomina el clima cálido con una temperatura promedia de 26°C, alturas comprendidas entre 400 y 800 n.s.n.m, humedad relativa del 80% y precipitaciones que van de 1200 a 3500 mm anuales. Los suelos corresponden a la clasificación agroecológica Kd y Kk o suelos de vega y de sabana respectivamente y según su formación vegetal corresponde a bosque húmedo tropicalCaña panelera-Saccharum officinarum - Saccharum officinarum L

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Demographic, clinical, and microbial aspects of chronic and aggressive periodontitis in Colombia: A multicenter study

The microbial profile of periodontal disease varies among different human populations. This study evaluated the demographic, clinical, and microbiologic aspects of periodontitis in a multigeographic sample in Colombia. Three hundred twenty-five patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 158 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), and 137 healthy-gingivitis controls from five regions of the country were studied. Clinical, microbial, and sociodemographic data were collected. Microbiologic identification was performed using polymerase chain reaction 16S rRNA gene on pooled subgingival samples, and the presence of Gram-negative enteric rods was evaluated by culture. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Porphyromonas gingivalis occurred in 71.5% of individuals with periodontitis, Tannerella forsythensis occurred in 58.5%, Campylobacter rectus occurred in 57.5%, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans occurred in 23.6%, and enteric rods occurred in 34.5%. P. gingivalis was more common in CP and AgP than controls. A. actinomycetemcomitans was increased in AgP compared to controls and patients with CP. T. forsythensis, C. rectus, and Eikenella corrodens had a low presence in the West Pacific and Central regions, and enteric rods were increased in the Central region (P <0.05). Other sociodemographic factors were not associated with these microorganisms. Geographic regions do not influence the microbiota, but the microbiota may vary by geographic region. P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and C. rectus are the most prevalent periodontophatic microorganisms in Colombia. A. actinomycetemcomitans was more common in AgP, and a large percentage of the population studied had enteric rods in the subgingival plaque

Situaciones y retos de la investigación en Latinoamérica

el texto Situaciones y retos de la investigación en Latinoamérica es el resultado de un grupo de docentes con experiencia y trayectoria en hacer y enseñar investigación en diferentes instituciones de Educación Superior. Uno de los asuntos que termina congregándolos como autores, es la profunda preocupación que como colectivo académico comparten en la formación de los futuros profesionales, especialistas, magísteres y doctores, aquellos que serán relevo generacional. El objetivo fundamental del texto es analizar las situaciones y retos de la investigación desde la fundamentación teórica y la práctica en el contexto contemporáneo. Está organizado en cuatro secciones y 16 capítulos. Cada sección aborda asuntos transversales que en conjunto son necesarios y suficientes para “entender” las implicaciones de la rigurosidad, disciplina, ética, sistematización y creatividad que la actividad investigativa requiere

Situaciones y retos de la investigación en Latinoamérica

El texto Situaciones y retos de la investigación en Latinoamérica, es el resultado de un grupo de docentes con experiencia y trayectoria en hacer y enseñar investigación en diferentes instituciones de Educación Superior. Uno de los asuntos que termina congregándonos como autores, es la profunda preocupación que como colectivo académico compartimos en la formación de los futuros profesionales, especialistas, magísteres y doctores, aquellos que serán nuestro relevo generacional. Nuestro objetivo fundamental es analizar las situaciones y retos de la investigación desde la fundamentación teórica y la práctica en el contexto contemporáneo. El texto lo organizamos en cuatro secciones y 16 capítulos. Cada sección aborda asuntos transversales que en conjunto son necesarios y suficientes para “entender” las implicaciones de la rigurosidad, disciplina, ética, sistematización y creatividad que la actividad investigativa requiere. Consulta aquí

A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study

© 2023Background: The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed. Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK). Patients aged 18 years or older receiving a first prescription for a drug clinically recommended in the guidelines of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (ie, the index drug) as part of routine care were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included previous genetic testing for a gene relevant to the index drug, a planned duration of treatment of less than 7 consecutive days, and severe renal or liver insufficiency. All patients gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. Participants were genotyped for 50 germline variants in 12 genes, and those with an actionable variant (ie, a drug–gene interaction test result for which the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group [DPWG] recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) were treated according to DPWG recommendations. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. To prepare clinicians for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing, local teams were educated during a site-initiation visit and online educational material was made available. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions within the 12-week follow-up period. Analyses were irrespective of patient adherence to the DPWG guidelines. The primary analysis was done using a gatekeeping analysis, in which outcomes in people with an actionable drug–gene interaction in the study group versus the control group were compared, and only if the difference was statistically significant was an analysis done that included all of the patients in the study. Outcomes were compared between the study and control groups, both for patients with an actionable drug–gene interaction test result (ie, a result for which the DPWG recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) and for all patients who received at least one dose of index drug. The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of a study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093818 and is closed to new participants. Findings: Between March 7, 2017, and June 30, 2020, 41 696 patients were assessed for eligibility and 6944 (51·4 % female, 48·6% male; 97·7% self-reported European, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern ethnicity) were enrolled and assigned to receive genotype-guided drug treatment (n=3342) or standard care (n=3602). 99 patients (52 [1·6%] of the study group and 47 [1·3%] of the control group) withdrew consent after group assignment. 652 participants (367 [11·0%] in the study group and 285 [7·9%] in the control group) were lost to follow-up. In patients with an actionable test result for the index drug (n=1558), a clinically relevant adverse drug reaction occurred in 152 (21·0%) of 725 patients in the study group and 231 (27·7%) of 833 patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0·70 [95% CI 0·54–0·91]; p=0·0075), whereas for all patients, the incidence was 628 (21·5%) of 2923 patients in the study group and 934 (28·6%) of 3270 patients in the control group (OR 0·70 [95% CI 0·61–0·79]; p <0·0001). Interpretation: Genotype-guided treatment using a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel significantly reduced the incidence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions and was feasible across diverse European health-care system organisations and settings. Large-scale implementation could help to make drug therapy increasingly safe. Funding: European Union Horizon 2020

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study (vol 46, pg 2021, 2022)

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