12 research outputs found
Trade-Induced Changes in Economic Inequality: Assessment Issues and Policy Implications for Developing Countries
The starting point of this paper is given by country situations where trade liberalization is expected to be poverty and inequality alleviating in the long run while inducing a short run increase in poverty or in inequality. The question we ask is what are the distributive aspects of trade which are worth documenting to better help governments integrate trade policies within a global policy framework so as to enhance growth and reduce poverty and inequality. The method followed is a literature review, organized according to salient issues given by the three acceptations of fairness implied by the inclusion of the âDevelopmentâ objective in the world trade liberalization agenda. A âpro-developmentâ trade liberalization agenda should correct past unfairness in trade regime, which raises the broad issue of country level ex post assessment. It should equally reduce poverty, which point toward household level ex ante assessment. Last, because development is basically a dynamic process, the distributive-dynamic effects of trade liberalization are also considered. A synthesis of our ten main results concludes the paper.international trade, Income distribution, Poverty
Trade-Induced Changes in Economic Inequality: Assessment Issues and Policy Implications for Developing Countries.
Nous dressons dans ce papier un bilan de la littĂ©rature sur le lien empirique entre libĂ©ralisation commerciale et dĂ©veloppement selon trois acceptions diffĂ©rentes du « dĂ©veloppement » et de lâimpĂ©ratif de justice que ce terme sous-entend dans les nĂ©gociations Ă lâOMC. RebaptisĂ© « cycle du dĂ©veloppement », le cycle de Doha a la premiĂšre ambition de corriger des injustices passĂ©es en matiĂšre dâaccĂšs au marchĂ©, dont ont pĂąti les pays en dĂ©veloppement. Les Ă©valuations ex post et transversales de la libĂ©ralisation sur ces pays sont mobilisĂ©es pour documenter ce grief. Le cycle de Doha doit Ă©galement contribuer Ă rĂ©duire la pauvretĂ© des mĂ©nages. Les Ă©valuations au niveau des mĂ©nages sont ici mobilisĂ©es et leurs rĂ©sultats saillants recensĂ©s. Enfin, parce que le « dĂ©veloppement » est avant tout un processus, les effets dynamiques de la libĂ©ralisation sur les inĂ©galitĂ©s inter- temporelles sont passĂ©s en revue. Il ressort de ces trois grandes dĂ©finitions quâaucun effet systĂ©matique de la libĂ©ralisation ne sâobserve sur le dĂ©veloppement. Ce rĂ©sultat pourrait expliquer, en partie, la difficultĂ© que rencontrent les nĂ©gociations Ă lâOMC dans un cycle au nom chargĂ© de promesses intenables si lâon se restreint Ă lâĂ©tat de la connaissance Ă©conomique sur la question.The starting point of this paper is given by country situations where trade liberalization is expected to be poverty and inequality alleviating in the long run while inducing a short run increase in poverty or in inequality. The question we ask is what are the distributive aspects of trade which are worth documenting to better help governments integrate trade policies within a global policy framework so as to enhance growth and reduce poverty and inequality. The method followed is a literature review, organized according to three different acceptations of fairness implied by the âDevelopmentâ objective of world trade liberalization agenda. A âpro-developmentâ trade liberalization agenda should first correct past unfairness in trade regime, which raises the broad issue of country level trade liberalizationâs ex post impact assessment. It should equally reduce poverty, which points toward household level assessment. Last, because development is basically a dynamic process, the distributive-dynamic effects of trade liberalization are also considered. Across all these three definitions of fairness, the development objective of the Doha round proves to be an objective which trade liberalization cannot systematically achieve. A synthesis of our ten main results concludes the paper.OMC; pauvretĂ©; inĂ©galitĂ©s; commerce; libĂ©ralisation; Poverty; Income Distribution; International Trade;
Fast compression of a cold atomic cloud using a blue detuned crossed dipole trap
We present the experimental realization of a compressible blue detuned
crossed dipole trap for cold atoms allowing for fast dynamical compression (~ 5
- 10 ms) of 5x10^7 Rubidium atoms up to densities of ~ 10^13 cm^-3. The dipole
trap consists of two intersecting tubes of blue-detuned laser light. These
tubes are formed using a single, rapidly rotating laser beam which, for
sufficiently fast rotation frequencies, can be accurately described by a
quasi-static potential. The atomic cloud is compressed by dynamically reducing
the trap volume leading to densities close to the Ioffe-Reggel criterion for
light localization.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures, 2 table
Trade-Induced Changes in Economic Inequality: Assessment Issues and Policy Implications for Developing Countries
The starting point of this paper is given by country situations where trade liberalization is expected to be poverty and inequality alleviating in the long run while inducing a short run increase in poverty or in inequality. The question we ask is what are the distributive aspects of trade which are worth documenting to better help governments integrate trade policies within a global policy framework so as to enhance growth and reduce poverty and inequality. The method followed is a literature review, organized according to salient issues given by the three acceptations of fairness implied by the inclusion of the âDevelopmentâ objective in the world trade liberalization agenda. A âpro-developmentâ trade liberalization agenda should correct past unfairness in trade regime, which raises the broad issue of country level ex post assessment. It should equally reduce poverty, which point toward household level ex ante assessment. Last, because development is basically a dynamic process, the distributive-dynamic effects of trade liberalization are also considered. A synthesis of our ten main results concludes the paper
Interplay between radiation pressure force and scattered light intensity in the cooperative scattering by cold atoms
The interplay between the superradiant emission of a cloud of cold two-level
atoms and the radiation pressure force is discussed. Using a microscopic model
of coupled atomic dipoles driven by an external laser, the radiation field and
the average radiation pressure force are derived. A relation between the
far-field scattered intensity and the force is derived, using the optical
theorem. Finally, the scaling of the sample scattering cross section with the
parameters of the system is studied.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, article for special issue of PQE 201
Caractérisation phénotypique et génotypique des pneumocystis SPP chez des rongeurs sauvages du sud-est asiatique
LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Chaos quantique et transition d'Anderson avec des atomes refroidis par laser
En utilisant des atomes refroidis par laser placés dans une onde stationnaire pulsée nous réalisons expérimentalement un systÚme quantique présentant une dynamique chaotique à la limite classique appelé kicked rotor . Le kicked rotor est le paradigme de l'étude du chaos quantique. Un tel systÚme présente un phénomÚne de localisation dynamique correspondant à la suppression de la diffusion ergodique par des interférences quantiques. AprÚs un temps caractéristique, la distribution en impulsion est gelée à un état stationnaire et son énergie cinétique atteint une valeur asymptotique. Le forçage périodique du kicked rotor est une condition nécessaire à l'apparition de la localisation dynamique. Dans ce cas on montre que la localisation dynamique est équivalente à un modÚle d'Anderson à une dimension pour les solides désordonnés. De nombreuses études numériques ont étudié l'analogie avec le modÚle d'Anderson à deux et trois dimensions lorsque le forçage comporte deux et trois fréquences. Nous proposons une étude expérimentale de la destruction de la localisation dynamique par un forçage à deux fréquences en introduisant progressivement une seconde fréquence dans le forçage. Celle-ci révÚle l'existence d'une loi d'échelle quantique concernant la délocalisation. Pour le modÚle avec forçage à trois fréquences correspondant au modÚle d'Anderson à trois dimensions les expériences montrent l'existence d'une transition de phase entre un état localisé et un état délocalisé.By submitting a cloud of cold caesium atoms to a periodically pulsed standing wave, we experimentally realized a quantum system presenting a dynamic that is chaotic in the classical limit called the Kicked Rotor. Such a system presents a phenomenon called dynamical localization (DL). DL is the suppression of the classical chaotic energy growth by quantum interferences due to long range coherence in momentum space. After a breaktime, the quantum momentum distribution is frozen to a steady state and the energy is stuck to an asymptotic value. ln the last decade many studies have been done to show the fragility of dynamical localization (for example in presence of decoherence or noise), in one of them, we have shown that a small deviation from a strict periodic driving destroys dynamical localization. We present now an experimental study of this destruction by a perturbation where a second frequency is progressively added in the system. We found that the delocalisation scheme is graduaI and corresponds to a diffusive scenario with well-defined scaling laws for the various classical and quantum parameters in sharp contradiction with the common analogy to the two dimensional Anderson model for disordered solids. Using a model with three frequencies in the forcing, we have found a phase transition between a localized state to a diffusive regime, as in the three dimensional Anderson model for disordered solids.LILLE1-BU (590092102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Trade-induced Changes in Economic Inequality: Assessment Issues and Policy Implications for Developing Countries?
Nous dressons dans ce papier un bilan de la littérature sur le lien empirique entre libéralisation
commerciale et développement selon trois acceptions différentes du « développement » et de
lâimpĂ©ratif de justice que ce terme sous-entend dans les nĂ©gociations Ă lâOMC. RebaptisĂ© « cycle du
développement », le cycle de Doha a la premiÚre ambition de corriger des injustices passées en
matiĂšre dâaccĂšs au marchĂ©, dont ont pĂąti les pays en dĂ©veloppement. Les Ă©valuations ex post et
transversales de la libéralisation sur ces pays sont mobilisées pour documenter ce grief. Le cycle de
Doha doit également contribuer à réduire la pauvreté des ménages. Les évaluations au niveau des
ménages sont ici mobilisées et leurs résultats saillants recensés. Enfin, parce que le « développement »
est avant tout un processus, les effets dynamiques de la libéralisation sur les inégalités inter-
temporelles sont passĂ©s en revue. Il ressort de ces trois grandes dĂ©finitions quâaucun effet
systĂ©matique de la libĂ©ralisation ne sâobserve sur le dĂ©veloppement. Ce rĂ©sultat pourrait expliquer, en
partie, la difficultĂ© que rencontrent les nĂ©gociations Ă lâOMC dans un cycle au nom chargĂ© de
promesses intenables si lâon se restreint Ă lâĂ©tat de la connaissance Ă©conomique sur la question.The starting point of this paper is given by country situations where trade liberalization is expected to
be poverty and inequality alleviating in the long run while inducing a short run increase in poverty or
in inequality. The question we ask is what are the distributive aspects of trade which are worth
documenting to better help governments integrate trade policies within a global policy framework so
as to enhance growth and reduce poverty and inequality. The method followed is a literature review,
organized according to three different acceptations of fairness implied by the âDevelopmentâ objective
of world trade liberalization agenda. A âpro-developmentâ trade liberalization agenda should first
correct past unfairness in trade regime, which raises the broad issue of country level trade
liberalizationâs ex post impact assessment. It should equally reduce poverty, which points toward
household level assessment. Last, because development is basically a dynamic process, the
distributive-dynamic effects of trade liberalization are also considered. Across all these three
definitions of fairness, the development objective of the Doha round proves to be an objective which
trade liberalization cannot systematically achieve. A synthesis of our ten main results concludes the
paper.ou
Trade-Induced Changes in Economic Inequality: Assessment Issues and Policy Implications for Developing Countries
(english) The starting point of this paper is given by country situations where trade liberalization is expected to be poverty and inequality alleviating in the long run while inducing a short run increase in poverty or in inequality. The question we ask is what are the distributive aspects of trade which are worth documenting to better help governments integrate trade policies within a global policy framework so as to enhance growth and reduce poverty and inequality. The method followed is a literature review, organized according to three different acceptations of fairness implied by the âDevelopmentâ objective of world trade liberalization agenda. A âpro-developmentâ trade liberalization agenda should first correct past unfairness in trade regime, which raises the broad issue of country level trade liberalizationâs ex post impact assessment. It should equally reduce poverty, which points toward household level assessment. Last, because development is basically a dynamic process, the distributive-dynamic effects of trade liberalization are also considered. Across all these three definitions of fairness, the development objective of the Doha round proves to be an objective which trade liberalization cannot systematically achieve. A synthesis of our ten main results concludes the paper. _________________________________ (français) Nous dressons dans ce papier un bilan de la littĂ©rature sur le lien empirique entre libĂ©ralisation commerciale et dĂ©veloppement selon trois acceptions diffĂ©rentes du « dĂ©veloppement » et de lâimpĂ©ratif de justice que ce terme sous-entend dans les nĂ©gociations Ă lâOMC. RebaptisĂ© « cycle du dĂ©veloppement », le cycle de Doha a la premiĂšre ambition de corriger des injustices passĂ©es en matiĂšre dâaccĂšs au marchĂ©, dont ont pĂąti les pays en dĂ©veloppement. Les Ă©valuations ex post et transversales de la libĂ©ralisation sur ces pays sont mobilisĂ©es pour documenter ce grief. Le cycle de Doha doit Ă©galement contribuer Ă rĂ©duire la pauvretĂ© des mĂ©nages. Les Ă©valuations au niveau des mĂ©nages sont ici mobilisĂ©es et leurs rĂ©sultats saillants recensĂ©s. Enfin, parce que le « dĂ©veloppement » est avant tout un processus, les effets dynamiques de la libĂ©ralisation sur les inĂ©galitĂ©s intertemporelles sont passĂ©s en revue. Il ressort de ces trois grandes dĂ©finitions quâaucun effet systĂ©matique de la libĂ©ralisation ne sâobserve sur le dĂ©veloppement. Ce rĂ©sultat pourrait expliquer, en partie, la difficultĂ© que rencontrent les nĂ©gociations Ă lâOMC dans un cycle au nom chargĂ© de promesses intenables si lâon se restreint Ă lâĂ©tat de la connaissance Ă©conomique sur la question.International Trade, Income Distribution, Poverty, libĂ©ralisation, OMC, commerce, inĂ©galitĂ©s, pauvretĂ©.