2,295 research outputs found
Working towards widening participation in nurse education
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in British Journal Nursing, copyright © MA Healthcare 2016, after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/full/10.12968/bjon.2016.25.2.112The widening participation agenda has particular significance for worldwide nursing since it is a profession which is under increasing scrutiny in its recruitment and retention practices. Debate about this agenda within nurse education is strengthened by careful scrutiny of the research within the wider context of higher education, some of which challenges commonly held assumptions. This paper examines four areas of relevance to the UK widening participation agenda: disability, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and family responsibilities. Taken together, they indicate that nurse education operates within a particularly complex context with some important implications for the future design of pre-registration programmes. These complexities should be debated in depth by educational commissioners and providers, in tandem with regulatory bodies.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio
M dwarf stars in the light of (future) exoplanet searches
We present a brief overview of a splinter session on M dwarf stars as planet
hosts that was organized as part of the Cool Stars 17 conference. The session
was devoted to reviewing our current knowledge of M dwarf stars and exoplanets
in order to prepare for current and future exoplanet searches focusing in low
mass stars. We review the observational and theoretical challenges to
characterize M dwarf stars and the importance of accurate fundamental
parameters for the proper characterization of their exoplanets and our
understanding on planet formation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Summary of the splinter session "M dwarf stars in
the light of (future) exoplanet searches" held at the 17th Cambridge Workshop
on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, June 28th 2012, Barcelona,
Spain. Submitted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten - Astronomical
Notes (AN) 334, Issue 1-2, Eds Klaus Strassmeier and Mercedes L\'opez-Morale
The effect of volumetric breast density on the risk of screen-detected and interval breast cancers: a cohort study.
BACKGROUND: In the light of the breast density legislation in the USA, it is important to know a woman's breast cancer risk, but particularly her risk of a tumor that is not detected through mammographic screening (interval cancer). Therefore, we examined the associations of automatically measured volumetric breast density with screen-detected and interval cancer risk, separately. METHODS: Volumetric breast measures were assessed automatically using Volpara version 1.5.0 (Matakina, New Zealand) for the first available digital mammography (DM) examination of 52,814 women (age 50 - 75 years) participating in the Dutch biennial breast cancer screening program between 2003 and 2011. Breast cancer information was obtained from the screening registration system and through linkage with the Netherlands Cancer Registry. We excluded all screen-detected breast cancers diagnosed as a result of the first digital screening examination. During a median follow-up period of 4.2 (IQR 2.0-6.2) years, 523 women were diagnosed with breast cancer of which 299 were screen-detected and 224 were interval breast cancers. The associations between volumetric breast measures and breast cancer risk were determined using Cox proportional hazards analyses. RESULTS: Percentage dense volume was found to be positively associated with both interval and screen-detected breast cancers (hazard ratio (HR) 8.37 (95% CI 4.34-16.17) and HR 1.39 (95% CI 0.82-2.36), respectively, for Volpara density grade category (VDG) 4 compared to VDG1 (p for heterogeneity < 0.001)). Dense volume (DV) was also found to be positively associated with both interval and screen-detected breast cancers (HR 4.92 (95% CI 2.98-8.12) and HR 2.30 (95% CI 1.39-3.80), respectively, for VDG-like category (C)4 compared to C1 (p for heterogeneity = 0.041)). The association between percentage dense volume categories and interval breast cancer risk (HR 8.37) was not significantly stronger than the association between absolute dense volume categories and interval breast cancer risk (HR 4.92). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that both absolute dense volume and percentage dense volume are strong markers of breast cancer risk, but that they are even stronger markers for predicting the occurrence of tumors that are not detected during mammography breast cancer screening
Investigating the relationship between substance use and sexual behaviour in young people in Britain: findings from a national probability survey.
BACKGROUND: Health risk behaviours are prominent in late adolescence and young adulthood, yet UK population-level research examining the relationship between drug or alcohol use and sexual health and behaviour among young people is scarce, despite public health calls for an integrated approach to health improvement. Our objective was to further our understanding of the scale of and nature of any such relationship, using contemporary data from Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). METHODS: Analyses of data from Natsal-3, a stratified probability survey of 15 162 men and women (3869 aged 16-24 years), undertaken in 2010-2012, using computer-assisted personal interviewing, were carried out. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between reporting (1) frequent binge drinking (≥weekly), (2) recent drug use (within past 4 weeks) or (3) multiple (both types of) substance use, and key sexual risk behaviours and adverse sexual health outcomes. We then examined the sociodemographic profile, health behaviours and attitudes reported by 'risky' young people, defined as those reporting ≥1 type of substance use plus non-condom use at first sex with ≥1 new partner(s), last year. RESULTS: Men and women reporting frequent binge drinking or recent drug use were more likely to report: unprotected first sex with ≥1 new partner(s), last year; first sex with their last partner after only recently meeting; emergency contraception use (last year) and sexually transmitted infection diagnosis/es (past 5 years). Associations with sexual risk were frequently stronger for those reporting multiple substance use, particularly among men. The profile of 'risky' young people differed from that of other 16-24 years old. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationally representative study, substance use was strongly associated with sexual risk and adverse sexual health outcomes among young people. Qualitative or event-level research is needed to examine the context and motivations behind these associations to inform joined-up interventions to address these inter-related behaviours
Bounds on Dark Matter from the ``Atmospheric Neutrino Anomaly''
Bounds are derived on the cross section, flux and energy density of new
particles that may be responsible for the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. Decay of primordial
homogeneous dark matter can be excluded.Comment: 10 pages, TeX (revtex
Looking at Localized Excitons in Quantum Structures: A Theoretical Description
We present a theory of scanning local optical spectroscopy in quantum structures taking into account structural disorder. The calculated spatially resolved spectra show the individual spectral lines from the exciton states localized by the disordered potential as well as the quasicontinua spectra at positions close to the potential barriers in agreement with the experimental findings
Technique for Direct eV-Scale Measurements of the Mu and Tau Neutrino Masses Using Supernova Neutrinos
Early black hole formation in a core-collapse supernova will abruptly
truncate the neutrino fluxes. The sharp cutoff can be used to make
model-independent time-of-flight neutrino mass tests. Assuming a neutrino
luminosity of erg/s per flavor at cutoff and a distance of 10 kpc,
SuperKamiokande can detect an electron neutrino mass as small as 1.8 eV, and
the proposed OMNIS detector can detect mu and tau neutrino masses as small as 6
eV. This {\it Letter} presents the first technique with direct sensitivity to
eV-scale mu and tau neutrino masses.Comment: 4 pages including 3 inline figures. Submitted to Physical Review
Letter
Entanglement, recoherence and information flow in an accelerated detector - quantum field system: Implications for black hole information issue
We study an exactly solvable model where an uniformly accelerated detector is
linearly coupled to a massless scalar field initially in the Minkowski vacuum.
Using the exact correlation functions we show that as soon as the coupling is
switched on one can see information flowing from the detector to the field and
propagating with the radiation into null infinity. By expressing the reduced
density matrix of the detector in terms of the two-point functions, we
calculate the purity function in the detector and study the evolution of
quantum entanglement between the detector and the field. Only in the ultraweak
coupling regime could some degree of recoherence in the detector appear at late
times, but never in full restoration. We explicitly show that under the most
general conditions the detector never recovers its quantum coherence and the
entanglement between the detector and the field remains large at late times. To
the extent this model can be used as an analog to the system of a black hole
interacting with a quantum field, our result seems to suggest in the prevalent
non-Markovian regime, assuming unitarity for the combined system, that black
hole information is not lost but transferred to the quantum field degrees of
freedom. Our combined system will evolve into a highly entangled state between
a remnant of large area (in Bekenstein's black hole atom analog) without any
information of its initial state, and the quantum field, now imbued with
complex information content not-so-easily retrievable by a local observer.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures; minor change
Radiative corrections to the excitonic molecule state in GaAs microcavities
The optical properties of excitonic molecules (XXs) in GaAs-based quantum
well microcavities (MCs) are studied, both theoretically and experimentally. We
show that the radiative corrections to the XX state, the Lamb shift
and radiative width , are
large, about of the molecule binding energy , and
definitely cannot be neglected. The optics of excitonic molecules is dominated
by the in-plane resonant dissociation of the molecules into outgoing
1-mode and 0-mode cavity polaritons. The later decay channel,
``excitonic molecule 0-mode polariton + 0-mode
polariton'', deals with the short-wavelength MC polaritons invisible in
standard optical experiments, i.e., refers to ``hidden'' optics of
microcavities. By using transient four-wave mixing and pump-probe
spectroscopies, we infer that the radiative width, associated with excitonic
molecules of the binding energy meV, is
meV in the microcavities and
meV in a reference GaAs single quantum
well (QW). We show that for our high-quality quasi-two-dimensional
nanostructures the limit, relevant to the XX states, holds at
temperatures below 10 K, and that the bipolariton model of excitonic molecules
explains quantitatively and self-consistently the measured XX radiative widths.
We also find and characterize two critical points in the dependence of the
radiative corrections against the microcavity detuning, and propose to use the
critical points for high-precision measurements of the molecule bindingenergy
and microcavity Rabi splitting.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Tritium Beta Decay, Neutrino Mass Matrices and Interactions Beyond the Standard Model
The interference of charge-changing interactions, weaker than the V-A
Standard Model (SM) interaction and having a different Lorentz structure, with
that SM interaction, can, in principle, produce effects near the end point of
the Tritium beta decay spectrum which are of a different character from those
produced by the purely kinematic effect of neutrino mass expected in the
simplest extension of the SM. We show that the existence of more than one mass
eigenstate can lead to interference effects at the end point that are stronger
than those occurring over the entire spectrum. We discuss these effects both
for the special case of Dirac neutrinos and the more general case of Majorana
neutrinos and show that, for the present precision of the experiments, one
formula should suffice to express the interference effects in all cases.
Implications for "sterile" neutrinos are noted.Comment: 32 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures, PostScript; full discussion and changes
in notation from Phys. Lett. B440 (1998) 89, nucl-th/9807057; submitted to
Phys. Rev.
- …