Benefits on quality of life concomitant to metabolic improvement in intervention program for prevention of diabetes mellitus

To evaluate whether an interdisciplinary intervention program on lifestyle results in better quality of life (QoL) and lower frequencies of depression and binge eating disorder (BED) in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 177 individuals (32.2% men, age 55.4 +/- A 12.5 years) at risk for diabetes were allocated to a 9-month traditional (TI) or intensive interdisciplinary intervention (II) on dietary habits and physical activity including psychoeducative groups. They were submitted to questionnaires and clinical and laboratory examinations. Predictors of non-adherence were analyzed by logistic regression. Only individuals submitted to II had blood pressure and plasma glucose levels reduced. Frequencies of depression reduced in both interventions but of BED only in II (28.0-4.0%, P < 0.001). Increments in the scores of SF-36 domains (physical functioning: 11.1 +/- A 14.0 vs. 5.3 +/- A 13.0, role-emotional: 20.4 +/- A 40.2 vs. 6.2 +/- A 43.8, P = 0.05) were greater in the II than in TI, respectively. Changes in SF-36 correlated with decreases in anthropometry, blood pressure and glucose levels, depression and BED scores. Male gender was independently associated with non-adherence to the II. In addition to metabolic benefits, an interdisciplinary approach may induce desirable extrametabolic effects, favoring the control of psychiatric disorders and improving the QoL of individuals at risk for diabetes

Cardiometabolic risk reduction through lifestyle intervention programs in the Brazilian public health system

Public health strategies to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality should focus on global cardiometabolic risk reduction. The efficacy of lifestyle changes to prevent type 2 diabetes have been demonstrated, but low-cost interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk in Latin-America have been rarely reported. Our group developed 2 programs to promote health of high-risk individuals attending a primary care center in Brazil. This study compared the effects of two 9-month lifestyle interventions, one based on medical consultations (traditional) and another with 13 multi-professional group sessions in addition to the medical consultations (intensive) on cardiometabolic parameters. Adults were eligible if they had pre-diabetes (according to the American Diabetes Association) and/or metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria for Latin-America). Data were expressed as means and standard deviations or percentages and compared between groups or testing visits. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 180 individuals agreed to participate (35.0% men, mean age 54.7 ± 12.3 years, 86.1% overweight or obese). 83 were allocated to the traditional and 97 to the intensive program. Both interventions reduced body mass index, waist circumference and tumor necrosis factor-α. Only intensive program reduced 2-hour plasma glucose and blood pressure and increased adiponectin values, but HDL-cholesterol increased only in the traditional. Also, responses to programs were better in intensive compared to traditional program in terms of blood pressure and adiponectin improvements. No new case of diabetes in intensive but 3 cases and one myocardial infarction in traditional program were detected. Both programs induced metabolic improvement in the short-term, but if better results in the intensive are due to higher awareness about risk and self-motivation deserves further investigation. In conclusion, these low-cost interventions are able to minimize cardiometabolic risk factors involved in the progression to type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.FAPESP - Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloFAPESP Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paul

Violência contra as mulheres no município de São Paulo: uma análise epidemiológica nos anos de 2017 a 2021

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico das mulheres residentes no município de São Paulo que sofreram violência entre os anos de 2017 e 2021. Procedimentos metodológicos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, ecológico, com abordagem quantitativa, dos casos de violência contra a mulher notificados no município de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2017 a 2021, com base em dados secundários coletados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no TabNet da prefeitura de São Paulo, e no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Foram avaliadas as variáveis faixa etária, raça/cor, escolaridade e local de ocorrência da violência. Resultados: A violência contra a mulher, no período estudado, foi proporcionalmente predominante entre as mulheres negras, e o local de ocorrência mais frequente foi a residência da própria vítima. A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 10 a 29 anos, e, quanto à escolaridade, a maioria das mulheres possuía ensino fundamental incompleto. A violência contra a mulher é uma questão importante, que envolve as áreas de saúde e segurança pública, portanto, compreender o perfil dessas mulheres é fundamental para a criação de políticas direcionadas para esse grupo

Realistic changes in monounsaturated fatty acids and soluble fibers are able to improve glucose metabolism

Abstract\ud \ud Background/objectives\ud Cardioprotective effects of Mediterranean-style diet have been shown. Instead of excluding foods, replacement or addition may facilitate compliance with impact on glucose metabolism of individuals at cardiometabolic risk. This study investigated the effect of changing selected nutrients intake on glucose metabolism during a lifestyle intervention tailored to living conditions of prediabetic Brazilians.\ud \ud \ud Subjects/methods\ud 183 prediabetic adults treated under the Brazilian public health system underwent an 18-month intervention on diet and physical activity. Dietary counseling focused on reducing saturated fat replaced by unsaturated fatty acids. Data were collected at baseline and after follow-up. ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used to test association of changes in nutrients intake with changes in plasma glucose.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Changes in fasting and 2-h plasma glucose but not in weight, HOMA-IR or C-reactive protein decreased after intervention across tertiles of MUFA changes (p-trend 0.017 and 0.024, respectively). Regression models showed that increase in MUFA intake was independently associated with reduction in fasting (β -1.475, p = 0.008) and 2-h plasma glucose (β -3.321, p = 0.007). Moreover, increase in soluble fibers intake was associated with decrease in fasting plasma glucose (β -1.579, p = 0.038). Adjustment for anthropometric measurements did not change the results but did after including change in insulin in the models.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud Increases of MUFA and soluble fibers intakes promote benefits on glucose metabolism, independently of adiposity, during a realistic lifestyle intervention in at-risk individuals. Mechanisms mediating these processes may include mainly insulin sensitivity improvement.Research supported by FAPESP (# 07/55120-0)

Study of reactions induced by 6He on 9Be

We present the results of experiments using a 6He beam on a 9Be target at\ud energies 7 − 9 times the Coulomb barrier. Angular distributions of the elastic, inelastic\ud scattering (target breakup) and the -particle production in the 6He+9Be collision have\ud been analysed. Total reaction cross sections were obtained from the elastic scattering\ud analyses and a considerable enhancement has been observed by comparing to stable systems.FAPESPFundação Araucári

The Li-8(p, alpha)He-5 reaction at low energies, and Be-9 spectroscopy around the proton threshold

We present a direct measurement of the low-energy Li-8(p, alpha)He-5 cross section, using a radioactive Li-8 beam impinging on a thick target. With four beam energies, we cover the energy range between E-c.m. = 0.2 and 2.1 MeV. An R-matrix analysis of the data is performed and suggests the existence of two broad overlapping resonances (5/2(+) at E-c.m. = 1.69 MeV and 7/2(+) at E-c.m. = 1.76 MeV). At low energies our data are sensitive to the properties of a subthreshold state (E-x = 16.67 MeV) and of two resonances above threshold. These resonances were observed in previous experiments. The R-matrix fit confirms spin assignments, and provides partial widths. We propose a new Li-8(p, alpha)He-5 reaction rate and briefly discuss its influence in nuclear astrophysics. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.064321Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2003/10099-2, 2004/07379-6, 2008/09341-7]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Comissao de Aperfeicoamento do Ensino Superior (CAPES)Comissao de Aperfeicoamento do Ensino Superior (CAPES

Interdisciplinary Intervention for Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus under a Psychological Perspective: Benefits in Quality of Life

Introdução: O aumento da expectativa de vida e da prevalência de doenças crônicas, como o diabetes mellitus (DM), mudou o foco das agências governamentais de saúde. O DM causa complicações crônicas graves comprometendo a qualidade de vida (QV) e a sobrevida; em concomitância com transtornos psiquiátricos como depressão e compulsão alimentar periódica (CAP) piora adesão ao tratamento e deteriora o prognóstico. É possível que abordagem psicoeducativa reverta em melhor controle metabólico e QV por meio de programa de mudanças de hábitos de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar se intervenção no estilo de vida com abordagem intensiva interdisciplinar a indivíduos de risco para DM resulta em melhor QV que a intervenção tradicional (IT). Métodos: 177 indivíduos pré-diabéticos ou portadores de síndrome metabólica, atendidos pelo SUS, foram alocados aleatoriamente para uma IT ou intensiva (II) em hábitos de vida por 9 meses. O grupo de IT foi submetido a consultas médicas trimestrais e o grupo II, além destas, participou de 13 sessões de grupos psicoeducativos para mudanças em hábitos alimentares e atividade física. No momento basal e após 9 meses submeteram-se a exames clínico-laboratoriais e a questionários: versão longa do IPAQ, recordatórios alimentares de 24h, de QV (SF-36), para depressão (IBD e PRIME-MD) e escala de CAP. Fatores preditivos de adesão definida como participação em pelo menos 70 por cento das sessões psicoeducativas foram analisados em modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Em ambas as intervenções houve melhora significante do IMC, circunferência abdominal e HDL. Após 9 meses, apenas os indivíduos da II reduziram pressão arterial e glicemia. O grupo II obteve melhora significante da QV na maioria dos domínios do SF-36 e nas medidas-resumo do componente físico e mental. Comparando os incrementos na QV induzidos pelas intervenções, foram maiores nos domínios capacidade física (II: 11,1±14,0 vs. IT: 5,3±13,0; p=0,02) e aspecto emocional (II: 20,4±40,2 vs. IT: 16,2±43,8; p=0,05) na II em relação à IT. As frequências de depressão reduziram em ambas as intervenções aos 9 meses, porém as de CAP diminuíram apenas na II (28,0 para 4,0 por cento, p70 per cent of group sessions were analysed by logistic regression. Results: In both interventions, significant improvements in body mass index, waist circumference and HDL-cholesterol levels were observed. After 9 months, only the individuals submitted to II had blood pressure and plasma glucose levels reduced. The same individuals had significant increases in almost all domains and summary measures of the SF-36. Comparing the induced increases in QoL, measures were greater in the domains of physical functioning (II: 11.1 ± 14.0 vs. IT: 13.0 ± 5.3; p = 0.02) and role-emotional (II: 20.4 ± 40.2 vs. IT: 16.2 ± 43.8; p = 0.05) in II in relation to IT. Frequencies of depression reduced in both interventions to 9 months, although of BED decreased only in II (28 to 4 per cent, p <0.001; IT: 13.7 per cent to 8.6 per cent, p = 0.38). Changes in SF-36 correlated inversely and significantly with differences of BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and glucose levels. Also found was as inverse correlation of QoL scores with depression (r = -0.275, p = 0.001) and BED (r = -0.175, p = 0.043). Logistic regression showed that male gender was independently associated with adherence to II (p = 0.02) but not the presence of BED or depression. Conclusion: Intervention in lifestyle with an interdisciplinary approach induced better benefits for QoL of individuals at risk for DM than the IT, as well as for metabolic profile. The decreased frequencies of the BED and depression following the II may contribute to improvement of QoL, but is not predictive of compliance. Our findings indicate that interdisciplinary intervention for prevention of DM, even not directed to psychiatric disorders, has extrametabolic effects, favoring the control depression and BED and improving Qo

Interdisciplinary approach in response to lifestyle interventions for reducing cardiometabolic risk and the influence of depression

Introdução: Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis representam as principais morbidades da atualidade, dentre estas o diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 e a depressão, as quais encontram-se frequentemente associadas. Ambas contribuem para complicações cardiovasculares e mortalidade. Há evidências de que intervenções comportamentais trazem benefícios cardiometabólicos e psicológicos. Objetivos: Para avaliar intervenção no estilo de vida, este estudo incluiu: 1) revisão sistemática e metanálise destinada a investigar os efeitos de intervenções no estilo de vida na melhora da depressão em indivíduos de risco ou com diabetes mellitus tipo 2; 2) comparação do efeito de duas intervenções no estilo de vida sobre o risco cardiometabólico e na retenção dos indivíduos ao programa; 3) análise do papel da depressão na resposta cardiometabólica às intervenções, mediada pela inflamação e; 4) avaliação do efeito residual 9 meses após término das intervenções quanto às respostas de variáveis clínicas, qualidade de vida (QV) e depressão. Métodos: Para revisão sistemática os principais bancos de dados bibliográficos foram pesquisados, sendo a meta-análise conduzida por modelos de efeito aleatório. O estudo longitudinal incluiu adultos pré-diabéticos, submetidos a 18 meses de intervenção tradicional (TRD) ou interdisciplinar com psicoeducação (INT) para mudanças em hábitos de vida, sendo os dados coletados (antropometria, pressão arterial, perfil bioquímico e marcadores de inflamação PCR, TNF-, adiponectina) no momento basal, 9 e 18 meses, bem como 9 meses após o término do acompanhamento (27 meses). Dieta foi avaliada por recordatórios de 24h, atividade física pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física , depressão pelo Inventário de Beck e a QV pelo Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 itens. Os momentos e os tipos de intervenção foram comparados por modelos lineares de efeitos mistos. Teste t Student foi aplicado para comparações entre médias, qui-quadrado para avaliar frequências e coeficientes de Pearson ou Spearman para correlações, complementados por análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados: Revisando sistematicamente o efeito na depressão de intervenções, encontrou-se na meta-análise, que em indivíduos com DM, mudanças no 10 estilo de vida reduzem significativamente os escores de depressão (SMD=-0.151; IC: - 0.253, -0.049). Entre os 183 indivíduos que compuseram nossa amostra, 46 por cento tinham sintomas depressivos, e eram predominantemente do sexo feminino, com maior adiposidade e menores escores de QV. Após 18 meses de ambas as intervenções, houve redução nos escores de depressão. Comparada à TRD, a INT provocou maior redução no consumo energético, adiposidade, níveis de pressão arterial, e maior aumento na atividade física e concentrações de adiponectina. Desistentes aos 18 meses apenas da TRD apresentaram pior perfil de saúde e maior escore de depressão, comparados aos que se mantiveram neste subgrupo. Em regressão linear múltipla, a depressão apenas nas mulheres associou-se a não melhora metabólica ao longo de 18 meses e tal associação não foi mediada pela inflamação. Aos 27 meses, apenas a adiposidade diferiu entre as intervenções. A QV e depressão mantiveram-se com melhora aos 27 meses em ambas. Discussão: 1) A metanálise sugere que intervenções no estilo de vida para manejar o DM são efetivas na melhora da depressão. É essencial que este grupo de risco seja rastreado regularmente. 2) Intervenção interdisciplinar com abordagem psicoeducativa mostrou-se útil em atenuar o risco cardiometabólico e na retenção de indivíduos com pior perfil de saúde. 3) Presença de depressão pode predizer menor chance de melhora no perfil cardiometabólico em longo prazo, particularmente entre as mulheres. Maior atenção ao diagnóstico e manejo da depressão deve ser dada a este subgrupo de maior risco. 4) Intervenção interdisciplinar melhorou a QV e reduziu depressão, bem como manteve o peso dos participantes após 9 meses da interrupção do programa, contribuindo para melhora continuada das condições de saúde biopsicossociais. Conclusão: Em geral, intervenção no estilo de vida é eficaz para melhorar o perfil metabólico e depressão, além de ser capaz de manter em tratamento indivíduos com pior estado de saúde. Não se pode comprovar ou afastar que a inflamação media tais benefícios. Esta estratégia é promissora para motivar indivíduos de maior risco na adoção de hábitos saudáveis em longo prazo. Profissionais da saúde e gestores de políticas públicas devem conhecer os efeitos deletérios da depressão no manejo de indivíduos de risco cardiometabólico. Diagnóstico e tratamento da depressão devem contribuir para otimizar o tratamento de distúrbios cardiometabólicos.Introduction: Nowadays non-communicable chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and depression, are major public health problems worldwide. These conditions are commonly associated and contribute to cardiovascular complications and mortality. Previous studies showed that motivational interviews may improve cardiometabolic and psychological aspects. Objectives: In order to assess lifestyle intervention this study includes: 1) Systematic review and meta-analysis to verify effect of lifestyle interventions on depression; 2) to compare effects of two lifestyle interventions in the cardiometabolic risk and in retention of at-risk individuals; 3) to analyze influence of depression in cardiometabolic response to interventions mediated by inflammation and, 4) to assess residual effect at 9 months after completion of interventions according to clinical variables, quality of life and depression. Methods: In the systematic review major bibliographic databases were searched. Meta-analysis was conducted by random-effects model. The effect of method, duration, and frequency of the interventions were determined via subgroup analyses. Our longitudinal study includes prediabetic adults, submitted to one of two lifestyle interventions (TRD:Traditional or INT:Interdisciplinary). Data were collected (anthropometry, blood pressure, biochemical profile and inflammation markers CRP, TNF-, adiponectin) at baseline, 9th and 18th month, as well as 9 months after completion of interventions (observational phase). Diet was evaluated by 24h recalls and physical activity by IPAQ. Depression was measured by Beck Inventory and quality of life (QOL) by SF-36. Linear mixed-models were applied for longitudinal analysis. Student t-test was used to compare means and chi-square for frequencies. Pearson coefficient was used to select variables for multiple regression analysis. Results: Through systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that lifestyle interventions to manage diabetes reduce depression scores (SMD= -0.151; IC: -0.253, -0.049). Among 183 individuals, 46 per cent had depression, 12 mostly women, with greater adiposity and lower QOL scores. After 18 months of both interventions, depression scores were reduced. Compared to TRD, the INT had greater reductions in energy intake, adiposity, blood pressure levels, likewise higher adiponectin and physical activity levels. Only in the TRD individuals who dropped out showed worse health profile and increased depression scores, compared to those who non dropped out. In multiple regressions, depression in women increased the chances of non-improvement in blood pressure and glucose levels. This association was not mediated by inflammation. In the observational phase, adiposity, but not other parameters, differed between groups over time. QOL and depression were maintained improved with both interventions. Discussion: 1) This meta-analysis suggests that lifestyle interventions intended to manage DM were effective in improving depression. Regular screening for depression is essential for this at-risk subset; 2) The interdisciplinary psychoeducation-based intervention proved to be useful for reducing cardiometabolic risk profile, and improving retention of individuals with worse profile. This approach represents a feasible strategy for motivating at-risk individuals to adopt a long-term healthy lifestyle; 3) Depression predicted a lower chance of improving long-term cardiometabolic risk, particularly in women. We suggest that screening and management of depression as part of lifestyle interventions can potentially improve cardiometabolic responses. 4) Interdisciplinary intervention improved QOL and reduced depression scores, as well as maintained weight loss 9 months after interruption of intervention, which may contributes to the sustained improvement. Conclusion: In general, interdisciplinary intervention was effective to improve cardiometabolic risk and depression, likewise to retain individuals with worse health status. It was not found benefits mediated by inflammation reduction. This strategy may motivate individuals at high risk to adopt healthier life habits. Health professionals must be aware about deleterious effects of depression to manage individuals at risk. Diagnosis and treatment of depression may contribute to optimize treatments of cardiometabolic diseases

Assessment of leisure-time physical activity for the prediction of inflammatory status and cardiometabolic profile

Objectives: Associations of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), commuting and total physical activity with inflammatory markers, insulin resistance and metabolic profile in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk were investigated. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 193 prediabetic adults were compared according to physical activity levels measured by the international physical activity questionnaire; p for trend and logistic regression was employed. Results: The most active subset showed lower BMI and abdominal circumference, reaching significance only for LTPA (p for trend = 0.02). Lipid profile improved with increased physical activity levels. Interleukin-6 decreased with increased total physical activity and LTPA (p for trend = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), while adiponectin increased in more active subsets for LTPA (p for trend = 0.03). Elevation in adjusted OR for hypercholesterolemia was significant for lower LTPA durations (p for trend = 0.04). High apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A ratio was inversely associated with LTPA, commuting and total physical activity. Increase in adjusted OR for insulin resistance was found from the highest to the lowest category of LTPA (p for trend = 0.04) but significance disappeared after adjustments for BMI and energy intake. No association of increased C-reactive protein with physical activity domains was observed. Conclusions: In general, the associations of LTPA, but not commuting or total physical activity, with markers of cardiometabolic risk reinforces the importance of initiatives to increase this domain in programs for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. (C) 2012 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Cardiometabolic risk reduction through lifestyle intervention programs in the Brazilian public health system

Abstract Public health strategies to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality should focus on global cardiometabolic risk reduction. The efficacy of lifestyle changes to prevent type 2 diabetes have been demonstrated, but low-cost interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk in Latin-America have been rarely reported. Our group developed 2 programs to promote health of high-risk individuals attending a primary care center in Brazil. This study compared the effects of two 9-month lifestyle interventions, one based on medical consultations (traditional) and another with 13 multi-professional group sessions in addition to the medical consultations (intensive) on cardiometabolic parameters. Adults were eligible if they had pre-diabetes (according to the American Diabetes Association) and/or metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria for Latin-America). Data were expressed as means and standard deviations or percentages and compared between groups or testing visits. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 180 individuals agreed to participate (35.0% men, mean age 54.7 ± 12.3 years, 86.1% overweight or obese). 83 were allocated to the traditional and 97 to the intensive program. Both interventions reduced body mass index, waist circumference and tumor necrosis factor-α. Only intensive program reduced 2-hour plasma glucose and blood pressure and increased adiponectin values, but HDL-cholesterol increased only in the traditional. Also, responses to programs were better in intensive compared to traditional program in terms of blood pressure and adiponectin improvements. No new case of diabetes in intensive but 3 cases and one myocardial infarction in traditional program were detected. Both programs induced metabolic improvement in the short-term, but if better results in the intensive are due to higher awareness about risk and self-motivation deserves further investigation. In conclusion, these low-cost interventions are able to minimize cardiometabolic risk factors involved in the progression to type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease