Stabilization of Zeolite and Bentonite with Sewage Sludge Ash

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the wastewater sludge supplied locally at 100 tons/day in the investigation area. In this context, the geotechnical properties of bentonite, zeolite-type clays and sands, which are common in the investigation area, were determined by mixing with sewage sludge ash (SSA) in specified ratios. Grain size distribution and specific gravity of pure materials and mixtures were determined. Direct shear tests, permeability tests, consistency limits tests, modified proctor tests and PH determination tests were performed with the mixtures. Soils were mixed with 0.5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 percent SSA in order to determine the physical, chemical and mechanical properties. Mixtures of sand with 40% bentonite (i.e., BS40) and sand with 40% zeolite (i.e., ZS40) were used as host materials for SSA inclusion. As a result of extensive laboratory studies, it was observed that the engineering properties of the specimens changed significantly as a result of the 7.5% and 12.5% mixture of SSA. BS40/SSA7.5 and ZS40/SSA12.5 samples from the mixtures reached 83 kPa and 80 kPa maximum shear strength under 200 kPa normal pressure. The maximum unit weight of specimens was achieved by BS40/S5 and ZS40/S5 specimens as 1.72 and 1.82 g/cm3, respectively. With the addition of SSA, the hydraulic permeability of the mixtures decreased to an order of 10E–8 (cm/s) for BS40/SSA12.5 and ZS40/12.5 specimens. Experimental studies have provided significant engineering and environmental benefit in the evaluation of sewage sludge ash, which is inevitable in residential areas

THE EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PHOBIA ON ABUSE OF CHILDREN BY PARENTS

Background: This study aims to determine the effect of parents\u27 levels of COVID-19 phobia on the risk of abuse and neglect towards their children. Subjects and methods: A total of 472 parents, who have children between the ages of 0-18, who use social media and volunteer to participate in the research, were included in the study. The sociodemographic information form, Corona Virus 19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S), and Abuse Awareness Scale-Parent Form were used to collect the study\u27s data. Results: 57.9% of the parents participating in the study were female, and the mean age was 42.08±10.33. It was found that 55.9% of the participants continued to go to the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. While 12% of the parents were treated for COVID-19, 21.4% were quarantined. The average C19P-S score of the parents was found to be 50.2. The mean score of the subdimensions of the scale varies between 8.4 and 18.5. The average score of the parents from the Abuse Awareness Scale-Parent Form was 55.4. A positive correlation was found between the Abuse Awareness Scale-Parent Form and the C19P-S score averages. Conclusion: The findings have shown that the family\u27s risk of children being exposed to abuse and neglect increases due to the negativities experienced during the pandemic period

Demonstrating the effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma and Prolotherapy treatments in knee osteoarthritis

Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and prolotherapy (PRL) are regenerative treatment approaches in the knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Aim To see how efficient PRP and PRL are in treating KOA. Methods A total of 108 patients with a diagnosis of KOA who received either PRL, PRP, or exercise therapy and whose 3-month follow-up data were available were included in this retrospective study (PRL n = 35 or PRP n = 35, exercise n = 38). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and The Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used as outcome measures at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of demographic parameters, baseline assessments of pain intensity, or WOMAC scores. At the first and third months, all groups showed a substantial improvement in the VAS activity, resting and WOMAC values as compared to before treatment (p < 0.05). When the groups were compared, the VAS activity, resting, and WOMAC values in PRP and PRL improved significantly in the first and third months compared to the exercise group. At one month, there was a statistically significant improvement in VAS activity and WOMAC pain and total scores compared to PRP and PRL, but this improvement was not significant at 3 months.Conclusion Pain and disability were significantly improved with PRL and PRP compared with exercise therapy. Although PRP is more effective than PRL in the first month after treatment, PRL may be preferred due to its low cost, long-term efficacy, and low complication rates due to the periarticular application

A rare neurodegenerative disorder with a novel mutation in ROGDI and Rett- like phenotype: Kohlschutter- Tönz syndrome

Kohlschutter-Tonz syndrome (KTZS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that presents with seizures, developmental delay, psychomotor regression, hypoplastic dental enamel morphology characteristic for amelogenesis imperfecta, and dysmorphologies. Genetic analysis has identified loss of function mutations within the coding region of the ROGDI and SLC13A5 genes in KTZS. In this report, we documented the clinical, radiological, electroencephalographic, and genetic results of a 3.5-year-old Turkish girl, born to nonconsanguineous parents, who was the first patient diagnosed with KTZS in Turkey. The patient presented with Rett syndrome-like phenotype, neurodevelopmental delay, refractory seizures, and amelogenesis imperfecta. After obtaining informed consent, chromosomal DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of our patient and her parents. To investigate the molecular diagnosis of the patient, the clinical exome sequencing was performed. The Sanger sequencing analysis was performed for all of the family members for the validation and segregation of this mutation. Pub Med/Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were also searched to find all of the published data on KTZS. The literature comprises 18 published studies about KTZS. The genetic analysis of our patient revealed a novel homozygous c.201-1G>T mutation in the ROGDI gene. The same mutation was also found to be heterozygous in her mother and father. The mutation caused alternative splicing of the ROGDI translation and resulted in a disruption of the ROGDI protein

Stainability and translucency of potassium aluminum sulfate applied computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing materials after coffee thermocycling.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of potassium aluminum sulfate (alum) application on the stainability and translucency of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials after coffee thermocycling (CTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens (Ø10 × 1 mm; N = 200) were fabricated by using additively (Crowntec [CT] and Varseo Smile Crown Plus [VS]) and subtractively manufactured (Brilliant Crios [RCR], CEREC Block [FC], and Vita Enamic [VE]) CAD-CAM materials and polished. All specimens were randomly divided into two groups as alum applied and control (n = 10). All specimens were then subjected to CTC (10,000 cycles at 5-55°C) and color coordinates were measured at each time interval. Color differences (ΔE00 ) and relative translucency parameters (RTPs) were calculated and the data were statistically analyzed (a = 0.05). RESULTS Among tested time intervals, alum applied specimens had their lowest ΔE00 after alum application (p ≤ 0.006), except for FC (p = 0.177). In addition, alum applied RCR had lower ΔE00 values than its control specimens (p = 0.029). Alum applied specimens had their lowest RTP after CTC (p < 0.001) and alum application decreased the RTP of CT (p = 0.010). CTC reduced the RTP of all materials in control groups (p < 0.001). Alum applied CT had higher RTP than its control specimens (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Alum application's effect on color change varied depending on the material and alum mostly resulted in clinically acceptable changes in translucency. CTC led to unacceptable color and translucency changes based on previously reported threshold values. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Optical properties of CAD-CAM materials and the sustainability of these properties over time is critical for longevity. Alum may improve the color stability of reinforced composite resin when subjected to long-term coffee consumption

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n = 143) and genotype (n = 151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A>T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency = 32.4%), and c.[714+4A>T];[714+4A>T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency = 21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;143) and genotype (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A&gt;T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency&nbsp;=&nbsp;32.4%), and c.[714+4A&gt;T];[714+4A&gt;T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency&nbsp;=&nbsp;21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n = 143) and genotype (n = 151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A>T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency = 32.4%), and c.[714+4A>T];[714+4A>T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency = 21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

IMPLEMENTING THE SCIENCE WRITING HEURISTIC (SWH) APPROACH In SCIENCE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Argümantasyon Tabanlı Bilim Öğrenme (ATBÖ) Yaklaşımını Bitki Fizyolojisi Laboratuvarı dersinde uygulayarak, bu yöntemin öğrencilerin akademik başarısı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada ayrıca öğrencilerin ATBÖ yaklaşımı ile ilgili görüşleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin birlikte kullanıldığı karma metot kullanılmıştır. Ön test-son test kontrol gruplu deneysel modelin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, Ankarazda bulunan bir üniversitede öğrenim gören biyoloji öğretmen adayları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol grubunda laboratuvar dersleri geleneksel yöntemle işlenirken, deney grubunda ATBÖ yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın başlangıcında öğrencilerin ön bilgilerini ölçebilmek için bir ön test uygulanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol grupları yansız atama ile oluşturulmuştur. Her iki grupta da deney öncesi ve deney sonrası ölçmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda deney grubuna ATBÖ etkinlik değerlendirme ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, deney grubu öğrencilerinin ATBÖ yaklaşımına dayalı laboratuvar uygulamaları hakkındaki görüşlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Uygulama sonuçları deney grubunun ön test ve son test sonuçları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılığın bulunduğunu, ATBÖ yaklaşımının öğrenci başarısını olumlu etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının çoğu ATBÖ yaklaşımına dayalı uygulamaların konuyu daha iyi anlamalarına yardımcı olduğunu ve derse daha aktif katılmalarını sağladığını belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcılar bu yaklaşımın bilimsel süreç becerilerinin gelişmesinde etkili olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Öğrencilere uygulanan etkinlik değerlendirme ölçeği ve yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler öğretmen adaylarının ATBÖ yaklaşımına karşı genel olarak olumlu bir tutum sergilediklerini göstermektedir.The purpose of this study is to implement SWH approach on the plant physiology laboratory course, and to research the impact of the SWH approach on the students' academic achievements. Also, the students' opinions about the approach were investigated. In this research, a mixed method, employing qualitative and quantitative research methods together, was used. A pre-test/ post-test control group design was used and the study was conducted with the biology teacher candidates at a university in Ankara. While laboratory courses for the control group were being processed with traditional approach, SWH approach was used for the experimental group. At the beginning of the study, the achievement test as a pre-test was applied to measure students' preknowledge. Experimental and control groups were randomly assigned. For both groups, some measurements were made before and after the experiment. At the end of the study, the SWH Activity Assessment Scale was applied to the experiment group. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit the experimental group studentsz views about the laboratory applications based SWH approaches. Implementation results show that pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group were statistically different and the SWH approach has a positive impact on student achievement. Most of the teacher candidates participated the study mentioned that the laboratory activities based on SWH approaches helped them better understanding and prompted them to attend class more active. Participants also stated that this approach was effective in the development of scientific process skills. Results gathered from the Activity Assessment Scale applied to students and interviews with them demonstrated that teacher candidates have positive attitudes to the SWH approach in general

Determination Of Social Anxiety Levels And The Factors Affecting Of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

Tip 1 diyabetli adölesanlar arasında diyete uyumsuzluk, kötü glisemik kontrol, sosyal kaygı, yalnızlık ve depresyon gibi sorunlar sık görülmektedir. Çalışmamız 12-15 yaş grubu tip 1 diyabetli adölesanlar ve aynı yaş ve cinsiyet grubundaki sağlıklı akranlarının sosyal kaygı düzeylerini ve bunu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılan tanımlayıcı karşılaştırmalı bir araştırmadır. Araştırma, Dr. Sami Ulus Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi çocuk endokrinoloji polikliniği, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi çocuk endokrinoloji polikliniği, Telsizler Ortaokulu ve Yıldırım Beyazıt Anadolu Lisesi nde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın tip 1 diyabetli grubunu en az altı aydır izlenen ve başka bir kronik hastalığı olmayan diyabetli adölesanlar oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın sağlıklı grubunu, tip 1 diyabetli grup ile aynı yaş ve cinsiyette sağlıklı adölesanlar oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada diyabetli adölesanlar için tanıtıcı bilgi formu, sağlıklı adölesanlar için tanıtıcı bilgi formu ve Ergenler için Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Puan arttıkça sosyal kaygı düzeyi artmaktadır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi yüzde frekans dağılımları, Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi, Ki Kare testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi ve Bağımsız Gruplar T testi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmamıza 70 tip 1 diyabetli adölesan ve 70 sağlıklı akranları alınmıştır. Tip 1 diyabetli ve sağlıklı adölesanların 31 (%44,3) i kız, 39 (55,7) u erkektir. Tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların Ergenler için ESKÖ puanlarının ortalaması 40,14±11,44 tür. Sağlıklı akranlarının ESKÖ puan ortalaması 33,33±9,34 tür. Adölesanların yaş, ders başarısı, düzenli sosyal faaliyete devam etme durumu, ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi ve aylık gelir gibi sosyodemeografik özelliklerin sosyal kaygını puanını etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Tip 1 DM li adölesanlarda diyete uyumlarını orta düzey olarak ve yiyecek/içeceklerini kısıtlamak zorunda olduklarını belirtenlerin sosyal kaygı puanları yüksektir.Amongst adolescents with type 1 diabetes; problems such as diet non-conformity, poor glycemic control, social anxiety, loneliness and depression are frequently observed. Our study is a descriptive comparative research that is examined to determine the social anxiety levels and the affecting factors of adolescents with type 1 diabetes between 12-15 years old and the healthy peers in the same age and gender group. The study is conducted at Dr. Sami Ulus Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital pediatric endocrinology polyclinic, Gazi University Health Research and Application Center pediatric endocrinology polyclinic, Telsizler Secondary School and Yıldırım Beyazıt Anatolian High School. The type 1 diabetes group of this research consists of adolescents with diabetes who have been followed up for at least six months and have no other chronic diseases. For the healthy group; healthy adolescents who are the same age and gender group with the type 1 diabetes group are included. In this research; identifyinginformation form for adolescents with diabetes, identifyinginformation form for healthy adolescents and Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents are used. While the score increases, social anxiety level increases. Data is measured with percentage frequency distribution, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi Square test, One-Way Anova test and Independent-Samples T test. 70 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 70 healthy peers participate in the study. Of type 1 diabetes and healthy adolescents; 31 (44,3%) are female and 39 (55,7%) are male. Total mean score of Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents for the adolescents with type 1 diabetes is 40,14±11,44. Total mean score of the healthy peers is 33,33±9,34. Sociodemographic characteristics of adolescent such as age, academic achievement, continuing social activity regularly, level of parent s education and monthly income affect the level of social anxiety have been determined. Moderate level of compliance with diet and forcing foods/drinks with type 1 diabetes adolescents have indicated higher scores of social anxiety