Evaluation of strabismus surgery effects on anterior segment measurements using pentacam

To evaluate and compare preoperative and postoperative anterior segment parameters in patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral medial rectus muscle surgery.Fifty-one eyes of 30 patients were enrolled in the retrospectively designed study. Anterior segment parameters were measured via Pentacam prior to surgery and after the surgery. Besides anterior segment evaluation detailed routine ophthalmic examination was also performed for each participant. All patients had successful surgery correction. No complication was observed during follow-up period. No changes were noted in visual acuity and intraocular pressure. Statistical changes were observed in corneal astigmatism (P=0.009/0.005), corneal volume (P=0.012), and anterior chamber volume (P=0.024). Strabismus surgery might cause anterior segment parametric changes in short-term follow up, which might be reversible through the compensation process. Scheimpflug imaging is an anterior segment imaging system and these changes can be measured by Pentacam. [Med-Science 2019; 8(2.000): 316-9

Primary fistulectomy of congenital lacrimal fistula: A case report

A 13-month-old male patient presenting with epiphora and discharge in his left eye present since birth was assessed in our clinic. Epiphora and an orifice of fistulae next to the left nasal root were identified via physical examination. Punctual mucoid discharge was observed following a massage of the left lacrimal sac. Chronic lacrimal fistulae were diagnosed in terms of stain outflow from the fistula orifice following a trypan blue injection to the lacrimal sac under general anesthesia. The patency of the distal nasolacrimal duct was confirmed by performing lavage following the fistulectomy procedure. The epiphora disappeared and the nasolacrimal passage was open in post-operative care. [Med-Science 2018; 7(4.000): 949-50

Evaluation of choroidal changes in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography

We aimed to examine the choroidal changes in ocular toxoplasmosis with spectral domain optical coherence tomography using the enhanced depth-imaging mode. The clinical and laboratory data and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of patients diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis and admitted to Dicle University, Department of Ophthalmology were analyzed retrospectively. The demographic properties such as best-corrected visual acuity intraocular pressure, biomicroscopic findings and dilated fundus examination were noted. The patients were categorized into three groups: active ocular toxoplasmosis, inactive ocular toxoplasmosis and healthy control groups. Enhanced depth-imaging coherence tomography images of both lesion area and subfoveal region were obtained in patients with active and inactive ocular toxoplasmosis, whereas only the enhanced depth-imaging coherence tomography images of subfoveal region were obtained in control group to measure choroidal thickness. A total of 54 subjects were evaluated including 20 individuals in the control group, 10 patients in active ocular toxoplasmosis group and 24 patients in inactive ocular toxoplasmosis group. No statistical significance was observed among the groups in terms of age, gender and intraocular pressure. Significant differences were noted in BCVA and SFCT among three groups. The mean ChT of the lesion area was significantly thicker in active ocular toxoplasmosis group than inactive ocular toxoplasmosis group (p=0.001). Monitoring of choroid is possible by EDI technique of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. This method is easily applicable and beneficial in the examining of ocular toxoplasmosis. Best-corrected visual acuity and the choroidal thickness in lesion area may vary according to activity. [Med-Science 2018; 7(3.000): 656-9

Evaluation of the effects of pterygium surgery on visual acuity and anterior segment measurements using corneal topography

Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of pterygium surgery on visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, corneal refraction, and corneal topography and the changes of these parameters in the postoperative period. Material and Methods: Forty eyes of 34 patients presented with only primary pterygium were included in the present study. Patients with features that could affect corneal topography, such as previous ocular trauma or surgery, corneal scarring, keratoconus, dry eye, and contact lens use, were excluded from the study. After excisional pterygium surgery, primary conjunctival closure was performed. Results: The mean baseline visual acuity measured by the Snellen chart in decimal improved from 0.78±0.19 to 0.97±0.54 in the 3rd month of the postoperative period. The mean values of SimK were 43.33±1.54 diopters (D) and 44.27 ± 1.43 D preoperatively and postoperatively (at 3rd month), respectively. The baseline topographic astigmatism was significantly decreased from 1.85 ± 1.77 (0.50-7.00) D to 0.65 ± 0.40 (0.20-1.75) D at 3rd month of postoperative period (P = 0.000). While 77.5 % of the patients had regular astigmatism at baseline, oblique and irregular astigmatism was observed in the early postoperative period, but 65 % of these patients turned back to regular astigmatism in the late postoperative period. Conclusion: Corneal topographic values were stabilized in the first month of the postoperative period. So, the plan of refractive or cataract surgeries may be appropriate after the stabilization of the corneal refractive components following the first month of pterygium surgery. [Med-Science 2020; 9(1.000): 78-81

Analysis of Foveal and Parafoveal Microvascular Density and Retinal Vessel Caliber Alteration in Inactive Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Purpose. We aimed to evaluate foveal and parafoveal density using optical coherence tomography angiography and the alteration on the retinal vessel diameter in patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy compared to age-matched normal population. Materials and Methods. Patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy (study group) and healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in the cross sectionally designed study. The optical coherence tomography angiography parameters and retinal vessel diameter measurements were assessed between the study and control groups. Foveal and parafoveal microvascular density in the retina was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Retinal artery and vein diameter and artery/vein ratio were assessed for retinal vessel caliber changes. Results. Patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy had higher values of intraocular pressure, proptosis, and axial length (P=0.001, P=0.002, and P=0.008, respectively). Temporal parafoveal vessel density was 48.93 ± 3.21 and 47.62 ± 2.59 in the study and control groups, respectively (P=0.017). Nasal parafoveal vessel density was 47.55 ± 3.01 and 46.46 ± 2.57 in the study and control groups, respectively (P=0.035). Foveal, superior, and inferior parafoveal vessel density values were similar in the study and control groups (P=0.268, P=0.107, and P=0.055, respectively). Patients in the study group had narrower retinal artery and vein diameters (P≤0.001 and P=0.033). Artery/vein ratio was significantly higher in the control group (P≤0.001). Conclusion. Optical coherence tomography angiography could be a novel and promising noninvasive diagnostic technique in patients with inactive Graves’ ophthalmopathy to detect foveal and parafoveal vessel density changes compared to healthy subjects. The decrease of retinal vessel diameter might be observed in patients with inactive graves ophthalmopathy

Analysis of choroidal thickness in dry type of age-related macular degeneration using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

To evaluate and compare the choroidal thickness in old-aged (>45 years) patients with dry type of age releated macular degeneration and age-matched normal population using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary eye clinic center. The study consists of 2 study and 1 control groups. Fifty-three eyes of 27 patients and 56 eyes of 28 patiens who were firstly diagnosed with dry type of age releated macular degeneration were participated in the study groups and 64 eyes of 32 individuals without any retinal or choroidal disorder were participated in the control group. All 173 eyes underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination including optical coherence tomography. An experienced observer measured choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. No statistically significiant difference was established between the means of age among three groups. The distribution of choroidal thickness measurements demonstrated a normal distribution in all 3 groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the study groups in terms of mean choroidal thickness, but there were significant differences in mean choroidal thickness between the control group and both study groups. In our study, it was observed that choroidal thickness can be analysed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and choroidal thickness in patients with dry type of age releated macular degeneration is appeared to be thinner than normal age-matched population. [Med-Science 2018; 7(3.000): 552-6

Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept therapy in diabetic macular edema

To conduct a retrospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept treatment in diabetic macular edema. Patients treated with intravitreal aflibercept for diabetic macular edema participated in this study. Three injections were administered to the previously untreated 76 eyes of 50 patients for 3 consecutive months with one-month interval. The results were evaluated retrospectively by analyzing the patients medical records. The patients values of best corrected visual acuity inverted according to Snellen chart, and their central macular thickness and intraocular pressure were compared before and after treatment. The average age of the patients was 57.2 ± 10.1. Of the cases, 77.6% were phakic, and 22.4% were pseudophakic. The increases in best corrected visual acuity in the first month after each injection and at the end of the third month were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean central macular thickness was 405.63 ± 106.93 μm before treatment and 288.83 ± 62.49 μm after the third injection. This reduction in the mean central macular thickness was statistically significant (p < 0.05). During and after the three-month follow-up of the injection application process, the most common observed ocular side effect was subconjunctival hemorrhage (34.2%). During or after the applications, no systemic side effects, such as sudden death, thromboembolic events, or myocardial infarction, were seen. Functionally and anatomically, intravitreal aflibercept injection therapy in diabetic macular edema is an effective treatment option because it improves visual acuity and decreases central macular thickness. [Med-Science 2019; 8(2.000): 412-7

Traumatic cataract study: Surgical outcomes of blunt versus penetrating ocular injuries

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the results of traumatic cataract surgery with regard to the type of trauma, mainly in the assessment of visual acuity. Forty-four patients who had been diagnosed with traumatic cataracts were included in this retrospectively designed study. The patients were divided into blunt and penetrating groups according to the type of trauma. Pre- and postoperative ocular findings of the cases were evaluated. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, intra- and postoperative complications, associated injuries, and surgical approaches were analyzed. Thirty-three of the cases were male (75%) and 11 (25%) were female. There were 23 patients (52.27%) in the blunt group and 21 (47.72%) in the penetrating group. The pre-operative mean vision of the subjects included in the blunt and penetrating groups was 0.82 and 0.96 logMAR, respectively. Ten (22.72%) eyes were hypotonic ( [Med-Science 2019; 8(1.000): 37-41

Changes In Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, And Control Rates In Turkey From 2003 To 2012

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the current epidemiology of hypertension, including its prevalence, the awareness of the condition and its treatment and control, in Turkey to evaluate changes in these factors over the last 10 years by comparing the results with the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Turkey (PatenT) study data (2003), as well as to assess parameters affecting awareness and the control of hypertension. Methods: The PatenT 2 study was conducted on a representative sample of the Turkish adult population (n = 5437) in 2012. Specifically trained staff performed the data collection. Hypertension was defined as mean SBP or DBP at least 140/90 mmHg, previously diagnosed disease or the use of antihypertensive medication. Awareness and treatment were assessed by self-reporting, and control was defined as SBP/DBP less than 140/90 mmHg. Results: Although the prevalence of hypertension in the PatenT and PatenT 2 surveys was stable at approximately 30%, hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates have improved in Turkey. Overall, 54.7% of hypertensive patients were aware of their diagnosis in 2012 compared with 40.7% in 2003. The hypertension treatment rate increased from 31.1% in 2003 to 47.4% in 2012, and the control rate in hypertensives increased from 8.1% in 2003 to 28.7% in 2012. The rate of hypertension control in treated patients improved between 2003 (20.7%) and 2012 (53.9%). Awareness of hypertension was positively associated with older age, being a woman, residing in an urban area, a history of parental hypertension, being a nonsmoker, admittance by a physician, presence of diabetes mellitus, and being obese or overweight; it was inversely associated with a higher amount of daily bread consumption. Factors associated with better control of hypertension were younger age, female sex, residing in an urban area, and higher education level in Turkey. Conclusion: Although some progress has been made in recognizing hypertension from 2003 to 2012, there is still a large population of untreated or inadequately treated hypertensives in Turkey. Strengthening of population-based efforts to improve the prevention, early detection, and treatment of hypertension is needed

The roles of extracellular matrix proteins, apoptosis and c-kit positive cells in the pathogenesis of ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Aim: To investigate histopathological changes in ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) from an etiological perspective