Quantification of deoxymikanolide and mikanolide in <i>M</i>. <i>micrantha</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>variifolia</i> extracts.

<p>Quantification of deoxymikanolide and mikanolide in <i>M</i>. <i>micrantha</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>variifolia</i> extracts.</p

Leishmanicidal activity on <i>L</i>. <i>braziliensis</i> promastigotes of mikanolide, dihidromikanolide, deoxymikanolide and scandenolide.

<p>Parasites were cultured for 72 h in the presence of the compounds (0–50 μg/mL). Growth inhibition of parasites was evaluated by a MTT assay. The percent of inhibition was calculated as {100 − [(DO_595nm of treated parasites/ DO_595nm of untreated parasites) × 100]}. Values represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments carried out in triplicate.</p

<i>In vivo</i> deoxymikanolide trypanocidal activity.

<p>Balb/c mice infected with a lethal dose of <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> were treated for 5 consecutive days (days 4 to 8 post-infection) with either deoxymikanolide or with vehicle (phosphate buffered saline). Parasitemia (A), body weight loss (B), and Survival (C), during the acute phase of the parasite infection were analyzed. Results presented are representative of three independent experiments. *p = 0.028, Mann- Whitney test.</p

Quantification of deoxymikanolide and mikanolide in <i>M</i>. <i>micrantha</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>variifolia</i> extracts.

<p>Quantification of deoxymikanolide and mikanolide in <i>M</i>. <i>micrantha</i> and <i>M</i>. <i>variifolia</i> extracts.</p

Chemical structures of mikanolide, dihydromikanolide, deoxymikanolide and scandenolide.

<p>Chemical structures of mikanolide, dihydromikanolide, deoxymikanolide and scandenolide.</p

Trypanocidal activities against <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> trypomastigotes of mikanolide, dihydromikanolide, deoxymikanolide and scandenolide.

<p>Bloodstream trypomastigotes were cultured in duplicate in the presence of 0 to 50 μg/mL of mikanolide, dihydromikanolide, deoxymikanolide and scandenolide. Cultures were done in 96-well plates with 3 x 10⁵ parasites/mL during 24 h, and the remaining live parasites were counted in a Neubauer chamber. Symbols represent mean ± SEM.</p

Inhibition of <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> amastigotes by mikanolide, dihydromikanolide, deoxymikanolide and scandenolide.

<p>Mammalian cells (5x10³ cells/well) were seeded in 96 well plates and infected 24 h later with transfected trypomastigotes expressing β-galactosidase. After 24 h of co-culture, plates were washed and compounds were added at 0–50 μg/mL in 150 μL medium. On day 6 post-infection, the assays were developed by the addition of CPRG (100 mM) and Nonidet P-40 (1%). Plates were incubated for 6 h and quantified at 570 nm. Controls included infected untreated cells (100% infection control). The percentage of inhibition was calculated as 100-{[(Absorbance of treated infected cells)/(Absorbance of untreated infected cells)]x100}.</p

Cytotoxicity on human monocyte leukemia THP1 and selectivity indexes of the isolated compounds.

<p>Cytotoxicity on human monocyte leukemia THP1 and selectivity indexes of the isolated compounds.</p