Crecimiento y desarrollo gonadal de rodaballos (Scophthalmus maximus L.) triploides hasta los 18 meses de edad

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los efectos de la triploidía sobre el crecimiento, proporción de sexos y desarrollo gonadal de los rodaballos (Scophthalmus maximus L.) hasta los 18 meses de edad. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron una proporción significativamente mayor de hembras en el grupo triploide respecto del control diploide, un crecimiento significativamente superior, en el mismo grupo, y un desarrollo gonadal significativamente inferior en los triploides, especialmente en las hembra

Valoración de la Experiencia del Usuario en Entornos Virtuales de Rehabilitación de Miembros Superiores

Las aplicaciones de Realidad Virtual están en auge en el contexto de la rehabilitación de patologías neurológicas y es necesario abordar estudios para conocer el nivel de aceptación de los usuarios, en este caso pacientes con Lesión Medular. Se ha desarrollado un cuestionario exhaustivo formado por 40 preguntas para recoger el nivel de satisfacción y aceptación del usuario comparando la aplicación virtual del Box and Block en su versión inmersiva y no inmersiva. En el estudio participaron 6 sujetos sanos y 6 pacientes con LME. Se obtuvieron diferencias entre ambos entornos virtuales y la ausencia de efectos adversos relacionados con la RV se convierte en un factor fundamental para su aplicación en terapias de rehabilitación.Proyectos PID2020-117361RB-C21 y PID2020-117361RB-C22 financiados por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Cinemática del movimiento del miembro superior durante una tarea funcional realizada en entorno virtual y entorno físico real en población sana y con lesión medular cervical

Hay un interés creciente en nuevas terapias por medio de tecnología, como la Realidad Virtual (RV). La RV ofrece un gran potencial para mejorar la función motora de miembro superior (MS) en paciente neurológicos. No obstante, se desconoce acerca de las características de los patrones de movimiento ejecutados en entornos virtuales en contexto rehabilitador. Por ello, este estudio analiza las características cinemáticas de los movimientos de MS durante la ejecución de una tarea funcional, el test clínico Box and Block (BBT), en pacientes con lesión medular (LM) cervical y en población sana en entornos virtuales inmersivos (3D), no inmersivos (2D) y en el entorno físico real. El análisis principal se centra en comparar la cinemática de los pacientes con la de los sujetos sanos para conocer la funcionalidad global del MS durante la ejecución del BBT en los tres entornos de experimentación. Para ello se estudian medidas relativas al desempeño de la tarea y medidas relativas al patrón de movimiento. Finalmente, existen diferencias entre los patrones cinemáticos ejecutados en el BBT de entorno real y los de RV. En ambas poblaciones existen diferencias en los rangos de movimiento (ROM) articular de codo y muñeca. En pacientes con LM, además, varían el ROM de hombro y el desplazamiento de tronco. En ambos grupos, la velocidad y suavidad disminuyen en entornos de RV respecto al entorno físico real. La longitud de trayectoria aumenta en sanos en el entorno de RV 3D, mientras que, en el caso de pacientes con LM, disminuye.Proyecto REHAB-IMMERSIVE PID2020-117361RB-C22 financiado por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Variation in antiosteoporotic drug prescribing and spending across Spain. A population-based ecological cross-sectional study

Introduction: Evidence has shown that utilization of antiosteoporotic medications does not correspond with risk, and studies on other therapies have shown that adequacy of pharmaceutical prescribing might vary between regions. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the variability in osteoporotic drug consumption. We aimed to describe variations in pharmaceutical utilization and spending on osteoporotic drugs between Health Areas (HA) in Spain. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional ecological study of expenditure and utilization of the five therapeutic groups marketed for osteoporosis treatment in Spain in 2009. Small area variation analysis (SAVA) methods were used. The units of analysis were the 168 HA of 13 Spanish regions, including 7.2 million women aged 50 years and older. The main outcomes were the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and day (DDD/1000/Day) dispensed according to the pharmaceutical claims reimbursed, and the expenditure on antiosteoporotics at retail price per woman =50 years old and per year. Results: The average osteoporosis drug consumption was 116.8 DDD/1000W/Day, ranging from 78.5 to 158.7 DDD/1000W/Day between the HAs in the 5th and 95th percentiles. Seventy-five percent of the antiosteoporotics consumed was bisphosphonates, followed by raloxifene, strontium ranelate, calcitonins, and parathyroid hormones including teriparatide. Regarding variability by therapeutic groups, biphosphonates showed the lowest variation, while calcitonins and parathyroid hormones showed the highest variation. The annual expenditure on antiosteoporotics was €426.5 million, translating into an expenditure of €59.2 for each woman =50 years old and varying between €38.1 and €83.3 between HAs in the 5th and 95th percentiles. Biphosphonates, despite accounting for 79% of utilization, only represented 63% of total expenditure, while parathyroid hormones with only 1.6% of utilization accounted for 15% of the pharmaceutical spending. Conclusion: This study highlights a marked geographical variation in the prescription of antiosteoporotics, being more pronounced in the case of costly drugs such as parathyroid hormones. The differences in rates of prescribing explained almost all of the variance in drug spending, suggesting that the difference in prescription volume between territories, and not the price of the drugs, is the main source of variation in this setting. Data on geographical variation of prescription can help guide policy proposals for targeting areas with inadequate antiosteoporotic drug use

User-friendly interface for introducing fuzzy criteria into expressive searches

We present a framework that allows any user (without the need of neither technical no theoretical knowledge) to define fuzzy criteria based on the non-fuzzy information stored in databases in an easy way. The interests for developing such a framework is to provide a human-oriented (fuzzy and non fuzzy) search engine with a user-friendly interface to perform expressive and flexible searches over databases. We achieved this task by providing an intelligent interface for the users to define fuzzy criteria without having any knowledge about its low-level syntax or implementation details. Our framework allows users to pose different queries (combining crisp and fuzzy search criteria) over various conventional and modern data formats such as JSON, SQL, Prolog, CSV, XLS and XLSX. We believe our approach adds to the advancement for more intelligent and human-oriented fuzzy search engines

Effects of electromyostimulation on muscle and bone in men with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial

Objective: To study the effect of 14 weeks of electromyostimulation (EMS) training (47 minutes/day, 5 days/ week) on both muscle and bone loss prevention in persons with recent, complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Prospective, experimental, controlled, single-blind randomized trial with external blind evaluation by third parties. Methods: Eight men with recent SCI (8 weeks from injury; ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) "A") were randomized into the intervention or the control groups. Cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. Bone mineral density changes were assessed with a dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Several bone biomarkers (i.e. total testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-growth factor I, osteocalcin, serum type I collagen C-telopeptide), lipid, and lipoprotein profiles were quantified. A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and after the 14-week training. All analyses were conducted at the beginning and after the intervention. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in QF muscle size when compared with the control group. Bone losses were similar in both groups. Basal levels of bone biomarkers did not change over time. Changes in lipid and lipoprotein were similar in both groups. Glucose and insulin peaks moved forward after the training in the intervention group. Conclusions: This study indicates that skeletal muscle of patients with complete SCI retains the ability to grow in response to a longitudinal EMS training, while bone does not respond to similar external stimulus. Increases in muscle mass might have induced improvements in whole body insulin-induced glucose uptake.1.333 JCR (2014) Q4, posición 152 de 192 (Clinical Neurology)UE

Growth and gonadal development in diploid and triploid turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

This study determined the effect of triploidy on the survival, growth and gonadal development of turbot from 6 to 48 months of age. From 6 to 24 months of age (first sexual maturity), survival was similar in both ploidies ( P N0.05). From 24 to 48 months of age, after the first sexual maturity, survival was 91.9% in diploids and 100% in triploids, which did not exhibit the post-spawning-associated mortality. Growth was similar for both ploidies during the first year of life. After that, triploids grew significantly ( P b0.05) more that diploids, with more marked differences after each spawning season. From 24 to 48 months, the average weight difference between both ploidies was 11.4F1.9%, ranging from 4.3 to 23.0%. At 47 months of age, the biomass of triploids was 10.3% greater in total weight and 14.3% greater in eviscerated weight. Gonads of triploid males were similar to that of diploids, whereas in triploid females, they were significantly smaller and rudimentary. A histological analysis carried out at 47 months of age showed complete sterility of triploids in both sexes. Sex ratio was 1 male (M):0.6 female (F), for diploids, significantly ( P b0.05) different from 1:1, and 1 M:3.3 F for triploids, significantly ( P b0.05) different from 1:1 and from the diploids. Since females grow more than males, culture of triploids benefited from the high female ratio, which helped to reduce size dispersion. In addition, their sterility allowed better performance by avoiding the reduction in growth that takes place during the spawning periods. Together, these observations indicate that triploidy induction can be an interesting option for turbot aquaculture, especially for the production of large-size fish of more than 2 years of age.Publicado

Growth and gonadal development of gynogenetic diploid Scophthalmus maximus

The survival, growth, gonadal development and sex ratios of gynogenetic diploid turbot Scophthalmus maximus between 9 and 36 months of age were investigated. Gynogenesis was induced by activation of freshly collected eggs with diluted (1 : 10 with Ringer) and UVirradiated (30000 erg mm 2) sperm, followed by a cold shock at 1 to 0 C for 25 min, starting at 6 5 min after fertilization. The exclusive maternal inheritance of the resulting gynogenetic diploids was confirmed in all individuals used in the experiment by microsatellite markers. Mean total length and mass throughout the experiment was higher in the controls than in the gynogenetics. The gonadal development in gynogenetic males proceeded normally, and in gynogenetic females it was delayed during the first sexual maturation but was normal during the second one. The sex ratio was 1 male (M) : 1 female (F) in the controls, as expected, but 1 M : 3 F in the gynogenetics. In a second, independent experiment, carried out with fish originating from different broodstock, however, the sex ratio was 1 M : 1 F in the controls and 0 M : 1 F (i.e. 100% females) in the gynogenetics. Together, these results suggested that the main sex-determining genetic component in turbot fits well to female homogamety, in accordance with data from other flatfishes. These results indicate that it will be possible to obtain near or all-female turbot stocks through induced gynogenesis or by crosses involving hormonally sex-reversed fish.Publicado