Crecimiento y desarrollo gonadal de rodaballos (Scophthalmus maximus L.) triploides hasta los 18 meses de edad

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los efectos de la triploidía sobre el crecimiento, proporción de sexos y desarrollo gonadal de los rodaballos (Scophthalmus maximus L.) hasta los 18 meses de edad. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron una proporción significativamente mayor de hembras en el grupo triploide respecto del control diploide, un crecimiento significativamente superior, en el mismo grupo, y un desarrollo gonadal significativamente inferior en los triploides, especialmente en las hembra

Estimación de la utilidad de un sistema de análisis automático SCA (Sperm Class Analyzer) para el recuento y control de calidad de fitoplancton en cultivo intensivo

Durante los últimos años el sistema de cultivo de microalgas marinas ha evolucionado desde los cultivos extensivos y la producción en bolsas de grandes volúmenes para alcanzar la biomasa adecuada, pasando por sistemas de cultivo intensivo en continuo y llegando en la actualidad al uso de un sistema semicontinuo, a base de fotobiorreactores que aprovechando al máximo la luz, consigue alcanzar producciones óptimas en volúmenes y tiempos mucho más reducidos, economizando espacio, tiempo, material e incluso personal. Este experimento consistió en la validación para microalgas de un sistema de valoración y recuento automático de uso veterinario para análisisde esperma (SeA). Los resultados indican que este sistema no sólo es operativo, sino que puede ser de gran utilidad configurando la aplicacitli precisa para el análisis de los parámetros de calidad en el cultivo intensivo de frtoplancton.The marine microalgae conure system has evolved since Ihe beginning 01 aquaculture, where large volumes were produced to attain an adequale biomass, extensive culture, intensive continuous cultures and finally Ihe semi continuous systems Ihat are presently used, using photo bioreactOll, which optimize Ihe use 01 light and nutrients to attain optimal microalgae production in much lower volumes and shorter times, reducing space aIII time required, as well as costs relatedto material and hand labor. The objective 01 this experiment was to validate an automatic sperm count normally used in the veterinary industry (SeA), for rts use in microalgae count. Results indicate that the SeA is valid forthis use. Furthermore, SCAcan be of great utility and accuracy, when configured forthe analysis~ quality parameters in the intensive microalgae culture

Variation in antiosteoporotic drug prescribing and spending across Spain. A population-based ecological cross-sectional study

Introduction: Evidence has shown that utilization of antiosteoporotic medications does not correspond with risk, and studies on other therapies have shown that adequacy of pharmaceutical prescribing might vary between regions. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the variability in osteoporotic drug consumption. We aimed to describe variations in pharmaceutical utilization and spending on osteoporotic drugs between Health Areas (HA) in Spain. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional ecological study of expenditure and utilization of the five therapeutic groups marketed for osteoporosis treatment in Spain in 2009. Small area variation analysis (SAVA) methods were used. The units of analysis were the 168 HA of 13 Spanish regions, including 7.2 million women aged 50 years and older. The main outcomes were the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants and day (DDD/1000/Day) dispensed according to the pharmaceutical claims reimbursed, and the expenditure on antiosteoporotics at retail price per woman =50 years old and per year. Results: The average osteoporosis drug consumption was 116.8 DDD/1000W/Day, ranging from 78.5 to 158.7 DDD/1000W/Day between the HAs in the 5th and 95th percentiles. Seventy-five percent of the antiosteoporotics consumed was bisphosphonates, followed by raloxifene, strontium ranelate, calcitonins, and parathyroid hormones including teriparatide. Regarding variability by therapeutic groups, biphosphonates showed the lowest variation, while calcitonins and parathyroid hormones showed the highest variation. The annual expenditure on antiosteoporotics was €426.5 million, translating into an expenditure of €59.2 for each woman =50 years old and varying between €38.1 and €83.3 between HAs in the 5th and 95th percentiles. Biphosphonates, despite accounting for 79% of utilization, only represented 63% of total expenditure, while parathyroid hormones with only 1.6% of utilization accounted for 15% of the pharmaceutical spending. Conclusion: This study highlights a marked geographical variation in the prescription of antiosteoporotics, being more pronounced in the case of costly drugs such as parathyroid hormones. The differences in rates of prescribing explained almost all of the variance in drug spending, suggesting that the difference in prescription volume between territories, and not the price of the drugs, is the main source of variation in this setting. Data on geographical variation of prescription can help guide policy proposals for targeting areas with inadequate antiosteoporotic drug use

Definition of the point of no return in turbot (Scophthalmus máximus L.) larvae understarving conditions at three different temperatures

The present study defines the feeding capacity and the point of no retum of turbot larvae subjected 10 starvation at three different temperatures. Larvae subjected 10 starvation at 13, 15 and 18°C were fed for the first time on days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 after hatching. At these ternperatures, death by starvation occurs at days 11, 10 and 9, respectively. The point of no return, defined as the moment at which the larval feeding incidence is reduced 10 half its maximum initial value. occurs after 8.0. 8.1 and 6.9 days at 13, 15 and 18°C. respectively.Publicado

Effects of electromyostimulation on muscle and bone in men with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial

Objective: To study the effect of 14 weeks of electromyostimulation (EMS) training (47 minutes/day, 5 days/ week) on both muscle and bone loss prevention in persons with recent, complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Prospective, experimental, controlled, single-blind randomized trial with external blind evaluation by third parties. Methods: Eight men with recent SCI (8 weeks from injury; ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) "A") were randomized into the intervention or the control groups. Cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. Bone mineral density changes were assessed with a dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry. Several bone biomarkers (i.e. total testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-growth factor I, osteocalcin, serum type I collagen C-telopeptide), lipid, and lipoprotein profiles were quantified. A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and after the 14-week training. All analyses were conducted at the beginning and after the intervention. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in QF muscle size when compared with the control group. Bone losses were similar in both groups. Basal levels of bone biomarkers did not change over time. Changes in lipid and lipoprotein were similar in both groups. Glucose and insulin peaks moved forward after the training in the intervention group. Conclusions: This study indicates that skeletal muscle of patients with complete SCI retains the ability to grow in response to a longitudinal EMS training, while bone does not respond to similar external stimulus. Increases in muscle mass might have induced improvements in whole body insulin-induced glucose uptake.1.333 JCR (2014) Q4, posición 152 de 192 (Clinical Neurology)UE

Induction of gynogenesis in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): Effects of UV irradiation on sperm motility, the Hertwig effect and viability during the first 6 months of age

Fish in which gynogenesis has been induced have all their chromosomes inherited from the mother and, if females are the homogametic sex, they usually are all females. Because turbot females grow faster than males, the production of all-female populations is highly desirable. The sperm of turbot is of poor quality and its larvae are small and fragile. These circumstances represent a challenge for the induction of gynogenesis in the turbot. As a first step towards this goal, effective conditions for the induction of gynogenesis through UV irradiation of sperm followed by a cold shock were established. When diluted 1:10 with Ringer-200 saline solution and placed in a thin layer (f0.3 mm), a dose-dependent effect of UV light on sperm motility was found. The dose at which both the amount of motile sperm and the duration of sperm motility was reduced to 50% of the original value (ID50) was f28,000 erg mm 2. A typical Hertwig effect was elicited with a dose of 30,000 erg mm 2. The resulting embryos exhibited the typical ‘‘haploid syndrome’’ and died shortly after hatching. Application of a cold shock ( 1 to 0jC for 25 min starting at 6.5 min after fertilization) to activated eggs with UV-irradiated (30,000 erg mm 2) and diluted (1:10) sperms restored diploidy and resulted in the production of gynogenetic diploids (2n = 44 chromosomes). These conditions were used in a pilot-scale experiment and found effective in inducing gynogenesis in f47,000 eggs. The rate of gynogenesis induction was 100% as verified by an analysis with microsatellite DNA markers. Survival of the gynogenetics was approximately 10% of diploids at 6 months of age, although growth was similar during this period. If this species turns out to have female homogamety, as is the case in most pleuronectiformes examined so far, the method presented here is the first necessary step for the production of all-female populations of this economically important species.Versión del editor2,041