Pilates e pallavolo: quale efficacia sulla stabilità posturale dei fondamentali individuali?

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the efficacy of a protocol of Pilates Matwork in terms of improvement of static postural balance in a group of 10 young female volleyball players of amateur level. A stabilometric platform was used to carry out the postural test on bipodalic and monopodalic stance. Afterword it was required to maintain the position of dig and set with eyesopen for 60 s. The Pilates protocol lasted 3 month twice a week consisted of 20 minutes each session. Comparing the measurements realized before and after the protocol, only during the condition monopodalic with eyes close on the left leg for the variable area of the CoP an improvement in the postural balance was achieved (p<0,05). In conclusion, the measurement performed confirm the initial hypothesis of this study, namely that the Pilates can resulted as an effective tool to improve the postural stability in volleyball player.L’obiettivo di questo studio pilota è valutare l’efficacia di un protocollo di Pilates Matwork in termini di miglioramento dell’equilibrio posturale statico in un gruppo di 10 giovani pallavoliste di livello amatoriale. Per svolgere i test posturali nelle diverse condizioni sensoriali in posizione bipodalica, monopodalica(MONO) e in posizione di bagher e palleggio è stata utilizzata una pedanastabilometrica. Il protocollo di Pilates è stato svolto nell’arco di 3 mesi, con frequenza bisettimanale, per la durata di 20 minuti a seduta. Confrontando le misurazioni effettuate prima e dopo il protocollo è stato ottenuto un risultato statisticamente significativo (p<0,05) solamente nella condizione MONO su piede sinistro ad occhi chiusi nella variabile area del CoP. In conclusione i datiraccolti confermano l’ipotesi iniziale di questo studio, ovvero che il Pilates può risultare uno strumento efficace per migliorare la stabilità posturale in atleti di pallavolo

A new application for x-ray lithography: Fabrication of blazed diffractive optical elements with a deep phase profile

Use of x-ray lithography to produce blazed diffractive optical elements (DOEs) is described. Proposed method allows one to make highly efficient blazed DOE with a deep phase profile (ten wavelengths and more) using a single x-ray mask with a binary transmission pattern. Unlike the well-known multilevel DOEs, blazed ones do not involve fabrication and aligning of a set of masks. DOEs with a profile depth of 10 {mu}m and more and zone sizes down to 1 {mu}m can be obtained due to the short wavelength and high penetrability of x rays. The first experimental samples of blazed DOEs with a 10 {mu}m-height profile--lenses and gratings - were fabricated by x-ray lithography with synchrotron radiation using the x-ray masks, prepared in accordance with the pulse-width modulation algorithm. Diffraction efficiency for lenses was measured for white light: it is higher than 80% for the central part of the lenses (inside a 10 mm diameter) and about 60% for an area of 20 mm diameter

Localization of Multiple DNA Sequences on Nanopatterns

DNA oligonucleotides of different sequences were patterned at the nanoscale. Areas of positive charge were generated by exposure of Insulating substrates, spin-on hydrogen silsesquioxane or vapor-deposited SiO2 on 51, with ionizing radiation sources used In electron beam and extreme ultraviolet lithography. Au nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 15 nm, carrying covalently bound negatively charged single-stranded DNA Oligonucleotides, were site specifically immobilized directly on the exposed regions and presented oligonucleotides for subsequent hybridization. Repeated exposure and deposition of NPs allowed for patterning multiple DNA sequences. Patterns with dimensions as small as 15 nm were fabricated using electron beam lithography. The use of DNA-functionalized NPs rather than Just DNA facilitates metrology in scanning electron microscopy and Improves the hybridization efficiency of the oligonucleotides on the surface

In situ synthesis and direct immobilization of ssDNA on electron beam patterned hydrogen silsesquioxane

In addition to being a high-resolution negative-tone electron beam resist, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) has chemical properties similar to glass, making it useful for integration with biodevice fabrication. The authors demonstrate the use of electron beam patterned HSQ as a solid support for light-directed in situ ssDNA synthesis and ssDNA immobilization, creating submicron HSQ structures (ranging from 1 mu m to 40 nm) that are functionalized with ssDNA. After ssDNA synthesis, the hybridization of Cy-3 labeled complementary strands reveals that the synthesis is indeed localized to the HSQ. They observed relatively low background fluorescence from the supporting silicon substrate or from HSQ where no DNA synthesis was performed. In the course of the experiment they surveyed several materials as support for the HSQ patterning. In addition, the support substrate must be resistant to DNA synthesis. They found that piranha cleaned silicon, glassy carbon, hydrogen plasma treated glassy carbon, and hexamethyldisilazane primed silicon allow little or no synthesis when examined by hybridization with fluorescent labeled complement DNA. This work is relevant to the fabrication of devices that may require submicron patterns of structures functionalized with ssDNA for hybridization assays or DNA self-assembly applications and demonstrates a novel use of a commonly used negative-tone resist