LA COMPRENSIÓN DE LAS FAMILIAS DEL ÁREA DE OCUPACIÓN IRREGULAR SOBRE EL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y LA SALUD AMBIENTAL

This work consists in an exploratory research that used the Speech of the Collective Citizen, as methodological way. It was carried out with low income families, dwelling at middle class region of Curitiba city – Brazil. Its objective was to identify the families’ comprehension about the environment and ambient related to health. A questionnaire with open and closed questions, notes in a field notebook and recorded interviews, was utilized to collect information. It obey the Regulatory Norms and Guide Lines of Research in Human Beings. The information was grouped in categories and subcategories respectively denominated: DOMICILE CARE: basic sanitation actions; domestic animals care; insects and rodent animals combat. PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT: to avoid pollution, to preserve trees, rivers and water source and to treat garbage. COMPREHENDING THE ENVIRONMENT: present doubts about the environment, the risks and the existing impacts in this environment. DEFENDING YOUR RIGHTS: communitarian mobilizations in defense of the environment, lack of information and citizenship incentive. It drove that families must be stimulated and instructed to preserve and take care of the environment, exercising its citizenship in partnership with public departments, in order to introduce actions to improve the ambient quality and, with this, provide healthy means of life to its inhabitants.Este trabajo consiste en una investigación exploradora, que utilizó el discurso del ciudadano colectivo, como manera metodológica. Fue realizado a través del acceso a familias de bajo ingreso, habitantes de una área de ocupación irregular, situada en un local de clase media de la ciudad de Curitiba, PR. Su objetivo era la identificación y comprensión de las familias sobre el ambiente y la salud ambiental. Fue utilizado para coger las informaciones un cuestionario con preguntas en abierto y cerradas, notas de cuaderno de campo y entrevistas gravadas. Se respeto la resolución 196/96, de normas reguladoras y directriz de la investigación con seres humanos. La información obtenida fue agrupada en clases y subclases denominadas respectivamente: CUIDADO DEL DOMICILIO: acciones básicas del saneamiento; cuidado de los animales domésticos; combate a los insectos y a los demás animales roedores. PRESERVAR LA VIDA EN EL AMBIENTE: evitando la contaminación, preservando los árboles y ríos; fuentes naturales, condicionamiento y residuos de agua. COMPRENDER LA VIDA EN EL AMBIENTE: dudas del momento sobre el ambiente, los riesgos y los impactos existentes en el ambiente construido. DEFENDER SUS DERECHOS: movilizaciones comunitarias en defensa de los derechos en común y del ambiente, escasez de información e incentivo a la ciudadanía. Se concluye que las familias deben ser estimuladas y orientadas al cuidado del local y del ambiente, ejercitando su ciudadanía frente a los departamentos competentes, de modo que estos realicen acciones capaces de mejoran la calidad ambiental y así proporcionar medios saludables de vida a sus habitantes.Este trabalho constitui-se numa pesquisa exploratória que utilizou o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, como caminho metodológico. Foi realizada junto a famílias de baixa renda, moradora de uma área de ocupação irregular, localizada num bairro de classe média da cidade de Curitiba, PR. Teve como objetivo a identificação da compreensão das famílias sobre o meio ambiente e a saúde ambiental. Utilizou-se para coletar dados um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, anotação em caderno de campo e entrevistas gravadas. Seguiu a Resolução 196/96, Diretrizes e Normas Regulamentadora para Pesquisa com Seres humanos. Os dados obtidos foram agrupados em categorias e subcategorias denominadas respectivamente: CUIDANDO DE SUA MORADIA: ações de saneamento básico; cuidados com animais domésticos; combate a insetos e roedores. PRESERVANDO O AMBIENTE EM QUE VIVEM: evitando a poluição, preservando árvores e rios; fontes naturais de água, acondicionamento de resíduos. COMPREENDENDO O AMBIENTE EM QUE VIVEM: o que entendem por meio ambiente e saúde ambiental; riscos e impactos presentes no ambiente onde vivem. DEFENDENDO SEUS DIREITOS: mobilizações comunitária em defesa dos direitos comunitários e do ambiente, não disponibilização de informações e incentivo à cidadania. Concluiu-se que as famílias devem ser estimuladas e orientadas a preservar e cuidar do meio ambiente, exercendo sua cidadania junto aos órgãos competentes, para que eles implementem ações capazes de melhorar a qualidade ambiental e, com isso, proporcionar meios de vida saudável a seus habitantes

Principales acciones de innovación con enfoque de seguridad alimentaria y cadena de valor. Aguacate

Se presentan características del producto aguacate en El Salvador; sobre los consorcios y la gestión del conocimiento, con respecto al fortalecimiento de competencias y difusión tecnológica

Aguacate. Persea Americana Mill

Presenta la propuesta de investigación y validación del cultivo de aguacate en El Salvador, definiendo las acciones a ejecutar para fortalecer la cadena de valor de dicho producto

Principales acciones de innovación con enfoque de seguridad alimentaria y cadena de valor. Tomate

Se presentan características del producto tomate en El Salvador; sobre los consorcios y la gestión del conocimiento, con respecto al fortalecimiento de competencias y difusión tecnológica

Large-scale detection of rare variants via pooled multiplexed next-generation sequencing: towards next-generation Ecotilling.

Common variants, such as those identified by genome-wide association scans, explain only a small proportion of trait variation. Growing evidence suggests that rare functional variants, which are usually missed by genome-wide association scans, play an important role in determining the phenotype. We used pooled multiplexed next-generation sequencing and a customized analysis workflow to detect mutations in five candidate genes for lignin biosynthesis in 768 pooled Populus nigra accessions. We identified a total of 36 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, one of which causes a premature stop codon. The most common variant was estimated to be present in 672 of the 1536 tested chromosomes, while the rarest was estimated to occur only once in 1536 chromosomes. Comparison with individual Sanger sequencing in a selected sub-sample confirmed that variants are identified with high sensitivity and specificity, and that the variant frequency was estimated accurately. This proposed method for identification of rare polymorphisms allows accurate detection of variation in many individuals, and is cost-effective compared to individual sequencing

Bentall Procedure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background. The Bentall procedure is considered the gold standard in the treatment of patients requiring aortic root replacement. An up-to-date overview of outcomes after the Bentall procedure is lacking. Methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of characteristics of and long-term outcome after the Bentall procedure with a mechanical valve prosthesis. Pooling was performed using the inverse variance method within a random-effects model. Outcome events are reported as linearized occurrence rates (percentage per patient year) with 95% confidence intervals. Results. In total, 46 studies with 7,629 patients (mean age, 50 years; 76% men) were selected. Pooled early mortality was 6% (422 patients). During a mean follow-up of 6 years (49,175 patient-years), the annual linearized occurrence rate for late mortality was 2.02% (1.77%-2.31%; 892 patients), for aortic root reoperation it was 0.46% (0.36%-0.59%), for hemorrhage it was 0.64% (0.47%-0.87%), for thromboemboli it was 0.77% (0.60%-1.00%), for endocarditis it was 0.39% (0.33%-0.46%), and for major adverse valve-related events it was 2.66% (2.17%-3.24%). Operations performed in more recent years were associated with lower rates of aortic root reoperation (beta = -0.452; p = 0.015). Conclusions. This systematic review illustrates that rates of aortic root reoperation after the Bentall procedure have decreased over the years. However, late mortality, major bleeding, and thromboembolic complications remain a concern. This report may be used to benchmark the potential therapeutic benefit of novel surgical approaches, such as valve-sparing aortic root replacement. (C) 2016 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeon