Comparison of Three Types of Continent Urinary Diversions in a Single Center

The results including the complication and continence rates for 3 types of continent urinary diversion were evaluated. From 1992 to 1998 we performed 58 continent urinary diversions after radical cystectomy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. All three types of continent diversions and ileal loop procedures were discussed and patient preferences were determined. The patient preference rate for continent urinary diversion was 96.6%, and half of these patients wanted to be completely dry. Mean age of the patients was 58.2 years. Of the 58 patients, 9 (15.5%) had a Kock pouch, 15 (25.8%) had a Kock neobladder and 34 (58.6%) had sigmoidorectal pouch (Mainz-II pouch). Early and late complication rates of the three different continent diversions were evaluated. The number of complications, such as urine leakage, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, reflux and stone formation, were similar in all three types of diversions. Two (5.9%) Mainz pouch II patients who had stopped oral alkalinization demonstrated severe hyperchloremic acidosis. Spontaneous pouch rupture occurred in 1 of the Kock pouches. Reoperation rates were higher with the Kock pouch and Kock neobladder cases. Daytime continence rates for the Kock pouch, Kock neobladder and Mainz II pouch were 77.7%, 86.7% and 100% respectively. Even though complete dryness may not be achieved in every patient, orthotopic bladder substitution appears to be the best choice after radical cystectomy. Although it carries the risk of life-long oral alkalinization therapy, the Mainz pouch II is associated with an excellent continence rate and may be a good alternative for patients who desire to be dry

Phytochemistry and biological activity of Onosma rascheyana extracts (Boiss.)

In recent years, it has been determined that Onosma species exhibit interesting biological/pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol (MeOH), water and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the aerials parts of Onosma rascheyana (Boiss.). The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Biological activities of the extracts were determined using antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory test systems. The MeOH extract was found to be rich in both phenolics and flavonoids (31.55 mg GAEs/g and 15.20 mg REs/g, respectively). The MeOH extract also contained higher amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids compared to other phytochemicals. The MeOH extract exhibited remarkable activity in all antioxidant test systems. However, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation (ABTS) scavenging assay resulted in superiority of water extract (88.90 mg TEs/g). The relative antioxidant capacity indices (RACI) of the extracts and the correlations between these values and antioxidant activities confirmed the high activity of the MeOH extract. In the α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity tests, the ethyl acetate extract showed high activity, while the tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay resulted in the superiority of the MeOH extract (59.72 mg KAEs/g). It was concluded that the extracts of O. rascheyana could be used as alternative agents in the food, cosmetic and medical industries due to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities

GC/MS Evaluation and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Solvent Extracts of an Endemic Plant Used as Folk Remedy in Turkey: Phlomis bourgaei

This study was outlined to examine the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil and in vitro antioxidant potentials of the essential oil and different solvent extracts of endemic Phlomis bourgaei Boiss. used as folk remedy in Turkey. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and the predominant components in the oil were found to be β-caryophyllene (37.37%), (Z)-β-farnesene (15.88%), and germacrene D (10.97%). Antioxidant potentials of the solvent extracts and the oil were determined by four testing systems including β-carotene/linoleic acid, DPPH, reducing power, and chelating effect. In β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, all extracts showed the inhibition of more than 50% at all concentrations. In DPPH, chelating effect, and reducing power test systems, the water extract with 88.68%, 77.45%, and 1.857 (absorbance at 700 nm), respectively, exhibited more excellent activity potential than other extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and the essential oil at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The amount of the total phenolics and flavonoids was the highest in this extract (139.50 ± 3.98 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAEs)/mg extract and 22.71 ± 0.05 μg quercetin equivalents (QEs)/mg extract)

Pest and beneficial complex in organic viticulture at the conditions of Gokceada Island

Population densities of harmful and predatory insects have been compared in six table (Trakya İlkeren, Alphonse Lavallée, Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi, Cardinal, Italia, Amasya beyazı x 28/259-1) and six wine (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Kalabaki, Sauvignon Blanc, Özer Karası) grape varieties in Gokceada between 2008 and 2011. No difference was determined among table grape varieties. Trakya llkeren has been the most suitable grape variety for Gokceada as it is rarely infested by the pests. Population density of Colomerus vitis Pgst. was statistically different in wine varieties in 2010. Cabernet Sauvignon has continuously been infested by the pest. Arboridia adanae Dlabola and Thrips spp. were harmful in Cabernet Sauvignon in 2011. Merlot has been infested with higher populations of insect pests in some years. Hence, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot should not be preferred in Gokceada. Kalabaki had the lowest population density. Effect of four combinations of green manure, farm manure and olive cake compost was observed on the population density of harmful and beneficial insects on Trakya Ilkeren and Cabernet Sauvignon. The combinations tested had no important effect on the population density of insect pests and predators. Organic fertilization program should be selected according to what grape and vine tree need

Assessment of InSb photodetectors on Si substrates

We present the detailed characteristics of small area (33 x 33 mum(2)) InSb photodiodes grown on GaAs coated Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. In spite of very large lattice mismatch, 80 K peak detectivity of similar to1 x 10(10) cm Hz(1/2) W-1 has been measured under backside illumination without anti-reflection coating. Differential resistance at 80 K is limited by Ohmic leakage under small reverse bias and trap assisted tunnelling (TAT) under moderately large reverse bias. In the temperature range of 80-140 K, the zero-bias resistance is considerably degraded by Ohmic leakage which has a small activation energy of 25 meV While the excess leakage seems to be related with the dislocations, the peak quantum efficiency is not considerably affected by the presence of dislocations. 80 K 1/f noise is dominated by TAT processes, and the noise current at 1 Hz follows the empirical relation i(n) = alpha(TAT)(I-TAT) with alpha(TAT) = 7.5 x 10(-7) and beta = 0.55. Bias dependence of the generation-recombination noise is discussed and compared with the predictions of Kleinpenning's mobility fluctuation model

High responsivity InP-InGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors: Characteristics and focal plane array performance

We report the detailed characteristics of long-wavelength infrared InP-In0.53Ga0.47As quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) and 640 x 512 focal plane array (FPA) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. For reliable assessment of the detector performance, characterization was performed on test detectors of the same size and structure with the FPA pixels. Al0.27Ga0.73As-GaAs QWIPs with similar spectral response (lambda(p) = similar to 7.8 mu m) were also fabricated and characterized for comparison. InP-InGaAs QWIPs (20-period) yielded quantum efficiency-gain product as high as 0.46 under -3-V bias with a 77-K peak detectivity above 1 x 10(10) cm center dot Hz(1/2)/W. At 70 K, the detector performance is background limited with f/2 aperture up to similar to 3-V bias where the peak responsivity (2.9 A/W) is an order of magnitude higher than that of the AlGaAs-GaAs QWIP. The results show that impact ionization in similar InP-InGaAs QWIPs does not start until the average electric-field reaches similar to 25 kV/cm, and the detectivity remains high under moderately large bias, which yields high responsivity due to large photoconductive gain. The InP-InGaAs QWIP FPA offers reasonably low noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) even with very short integration times (tau).70 K NETD values of the FPA with f/1.5 optics are 36 and 64 mK under bias voltages of -0.5 V (tau = 11 ms) and -2 V (tau = 650 mu s), respectively. The results clearly show the potential of InP-InGaAs QWIPs for thermal imaging applications requiring high responsivity and short integration times

Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of endemic Marrubium parviflorum subsp. oligodon

In this study, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and solvent extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) obtained from aerial parts of the endemic plant Marrubium parviflorum subsp. oligodon collected from Afyonkarahisar province in Turkey were examined. The antioxidant ability of solvent extracts and essential oil was evaluated using various methods (β-carotene-linoleic acid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays) and the content of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined. In the essential oil, thirty-one compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. The major components were (Z,Z)-farnesyl acetone (19.28%), caryophyllene oxide (15.85%) and pulegone (7.15%). In all assays, water extract showed the strongest antioxidant properties due to the highest content of total phenolics. The significantly high correlations were observed between the content of total phenolics and DPPH radical (0.894) and reducing power (0.983) assays. Methanol extract was the richest in total flavonoids. The present results support the traditional and possible use of the essential oil and extracts from M. parviflorum subsp. oligodon in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. © 2018 Elsevier B.V

Assessment of large format InP/InGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array

We report the fabrication and characteristics of large format (640 x 512) InP/In0.53Ga0.47As long wavelength infrared (LWIR) quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA). The FPA, which is hybridized to a read-out integrated circuit having a charge capacity of 1.1 x 10(7) electrons, yielded a mean noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of similar to 40 mK at a cold finger temperature as high as 77 K. The performance of the FPA, being comparable to that of AlGaAs/GaAs QWIP FPAs, clearly demonstrates the feasibility of the InP/InGaAs material system as an Al-free alternative to AlGaAs/GaAs system for large format LWIR QWIP FPAs

Large format AlInAs-InGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetector focal plane array for midwavelength infrared thermal imaging

We report the first large format (640 x 512) AlInAs-InGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA), and investigate the characteristics of AlInAs-InGaAs QWIPs both at pixel and FPA level. The measurements on the detectors fabricated with molecular beam epitaxy grown epilayer structure including 30 InGaAs quantum wells (26 A thick, N-D = 2 x 10(18) cm(-3)) yielded very promising characteristics. The detectors with lambda(p) = 4.2 mu m and Delta lambda/lambda(p) = 25% displayed a background-limited performance temperature as high as 105 K with f/2 aperture. The noise equivalent temperature difference of the FPA is as low as 23 mK (f/1.5) at 105-K sensor temperature with 99.6% operability. These results are comparable to the best results reported for AlGaAs-InGaAs midwavelength infrared QWIPs showing the promise of this material system for completely lattice-matched multiband QWIP FPAs