VALOR NUTRITIVO DE UMA PASTAGEM NATIVA DOMINADA POR Eragrostis plana Nees E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O PERFIL METABÓLICO DE VACAS PRIMÍPARAS SUPLEMENTADAS DA GESTAÇÃO AO PÓS-PARTO

Resumo Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar a qualidade da massa de forragem de uma pastagem nativa com 70% de cobertura de capim-annoni (Eragrostis plana Nees) sob pastejo contínuo de vacas primíparas. As características químicas da forragem dos componentes folha e colmo de capim-annoni e espécies nativas avaliadas foram: digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). O perfil metabólico proteico e mineral no sangue das vacas foi relacionado com os suplementos sal comum, Fosbovi pronto®, Foscromo seca® e Fosbovi reprodução®. Verificaram-se maiores teores de PB na folha e colmo de capim-annoni no inverno (9,4% e 6,7) e primavera (8,9% e 6,6), respectivamente. As variáveis metabólicas protéicas no sangue não diferiram entre suplementos (P>0,05), mas os níveis de albumina (34,5 a 25,3 g/L) e ureia (36,2 a 30,1 mg/dL) diminuíram do inverno para verão. Houve deficiência dos teores médios do mineral fósforo para vacas suplementadas com Foscromo seca® (3,9), Fosbovi pronto® (3,3) e sal comum (2,2) na primavera e sal comum no verão (2,9 mg/dL). Vacas primíparas manejadas em pastagem nativa com predominância de 70% de cobertura de capim-annoni exigem suplementação do mineral fósforo com Fosbovi reprodução® nas estações da primavera e verão. Palavras-chave: Digestibilidade da matéria orgânica; espécies nativas; fibra em detergente neutro; folha; proteína bruta

Characterization of native pasture with predominance Eragrostis plana Nees and reproductive performance of primiparous cows supplemented

Foram avaliadas as características produtivas e estruturais de uma pastagem nativa com predominância de capim-annoni (Eragrostis plana Nees) e sua relação com desempenho reprodutivo de vacas primíparas suplementadas com sal comum, sal mineral, sal proteinado e sal reprodução. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) dos componentes estruturais entre períodos, com maior oferta de folha (6,3%), colmo (4,1%) e espécies nativas (0,9%) no verão. Verificaram-se maiores teores de proteína bruta na folha (8,9%), colmo (6,7%) de capim-annoni e espécies nativas (12,0%) na primavera. Os valores proteicos do pasto associados com suplementos, não promoveram ganhos médios diários nem condição corporal satisfatórios nas vacas no pós-parto (-0,126 kg dia-1; 2,7), acasalamento (-0,003 kg dia-1; 2,7) e pós-acasalamento (-0,132 kg dia-1; 2,7). O ganho médio diário não diferiu entre os suplementos, sal reprodução, sal proteinado, sal mineral e sal comum com valores de -0,039; -0,065; -0,093; e -0,152 kg dia-1, respectivamente. A taxa de prenhez das vacas também não diferiu entre suplementos, sal reprodução (25%), sal proteinado (12,5%), sal mineral (0,0%) e sal comum (0,0%). A suplementação mineral e proteica de vacas primíparas não interfere nas características produtivas e estruturais da pastagem nativa.The productive and structural characteristics of a native pasture with predominance South African lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees) and their relationship with reproductive performance of primiparous beef cows supplemented with common salt, mineral salt, protein salt and reproduction salt was evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in split-plots. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the structural components between periods, with a high supply of leaf (6.3%), stem (4.1%) and native species (0.9%) in summer. There was higher content of crude protein in the leaf (8.9%), stems (6.7%) of lovegrass and native species (12.0%) in the spring. The protein values of pasture associated with supplements did not improve mean daily gain and body condition of cows in the postpartum (-0.126 kg day-1, 2.7), mating (-0.003 kg day-1, 2.7) and post-mating (-0.132 kg day-1, 2.7). The mean daily gain in cows did not show differences among supplements, reproduction salt, protein salt, mineral salt and common salt with values -0.039, -0.065, -0.093 and -0.152 kg day-1, respectively. The pregnancy rate of cows did not show difference among supplements, reproduction salt (25.0%), protein salt (12.5%), mineral salt (0.0%) and common salt (0.0%). The mineral and protein supplementation does not affect the structural and productive characteristics of native pasture

Economic return of primiparous cows supplemented on natural pasture dominated by Eragrostis plana Nees

O experimento avaliou o retorno econômico da suplementação proteica e mineral de vacas primíparas no pré e pós-parto, em pastagem nativa dominada por capim annoni (Eragrostis planna Nees). Foram avaliados os custos de produção, produção animal e margem bruta. As vacas foram suplementadas com: sal comum, sal mineral, sal proteinado e sal reprodução. O valor nutritivo do pasto nativo foi avaliado pelos teores de proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Os menores pesos corporais foram observados nas vacas mantidas em pastagem nativa e suplementadas com sal comum e sal mineral no momento do parto (321 e 329 kg), seguidas daquelas suplementadas com sal proteinado e sal reprodução (358 e 360 kg). O peso corporal e as taxas de prenhez no final do acasalamento foram de 288 a 339 kg e de 50 a 62,5% entre os suplementos. O custo total e a receita líquida foram de 11,79/175,6; 20,72/188,0; 39,98/170,0 e 28,13/186,3 R$ha-1 para os suplementos sal comum, sal mineral, sal proteinado e sal reprodução, respectivamente. A maior margem bruta foi obtida com suplemenção de sal mineral reprodução 214,47 R$ ha-1. A utilização do suplemento sal reprodução para vacas primíparas no pré e pós-parto em pastagem nativa dominada por capim-annoni resultou em maior retorno financeiro direto.The experiment evaluated the economic return of the protein and mineral supplementation of primiparous cows pre and postpartum on natural pasture dominated by South African lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Ness). Production costs, animal production and gross margin were evaluated. Cows were supplemented with: common salt, mineral sal, protein salt and reproduction salt. The nutritional of the rangeland was evaluated by crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) percentages. The lowest body weights were observed on cows grazing on natural pastures and supplemented with common salt and mineral sal at parturition (321 and 329 kg), followed by those supplemented with protein salt and reproduction salt (358 and 360 kg). The body weight and pregnancy rates at the end of mating were from 288 to 339 kg and from 50 to 62.5% between supplements. The total cost and the net earnings were 11.79/175.6; 20.72/188.0; 39.98/170.0 e 28.13/186.3 R$ha-1 for supplements common salt, mineral salt, protein salt and reproduction salt, respectively. The higher gross margin was obtained with supplementation reproduction salt 214.47 R$ ha-1. The use of reproduction salt supplement for primiparous cows pre and postpartum on natural pasture dominated by South African lovegrass resulted in greater economic return

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Technical-economic results of beef cattle breeding suplementation in natural grassland invaded by capimannoni- 2

A utilização racional de pastagens nativas dominadas pela invasora capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Nees) é uma das ferramentas de manejo recomendadas para o controle da sua expansão bem como melhorar a margem bruta da propriedade. Por esta razão, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto bioeconômico da utilização de tratamentos de suplementação mineral e protéica sobre a dinâmica de um rebanho de bovinos de cria em pastagem nativa invadida por esta espécie, na região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os tratamentos consistiram no fornecimento dos seguintes suplementos: a) SC - sal comum; b) SM - sal mineral; c) SP - sal proteinado; d) e SRP – mistura de sal reprodução + sal proteinado). A margem bruta econômica foi estimada a partir do efeito dos tratamentos gerados através dos seguintes coeficientes técnicos: taxa de natalidade, ganho de peso, carga animal, peso de terneiros ao nascer, consumo de suplementos. De maneira geral, a mistura SRP apresentou os melhores coeficientes técnicos, como aumento de natalidade e maior peso médio dos animais e, conseqüentemente, resultou a maior margem bruta. O SM apresentou os piores coeficientes técnicos bem como a menor margem bruta. O aumento de natalidade com o uso do SRP e SP propiciou maior produção de terneiros para venda, assim como uma renovação mais rápida do plantel de matrizes reprodutoras otimizando sistema proposto. Do ponto de vista econômico, o uso do SRP apresentou a melhor margem bruta.The rational use of natural grassland invaded by capim-annoni-2 grass (Eragrostis plana Nees) is one of the tools recomended to control its expansion as well to improve the gross margin of the cattle farm. In view of that, the present work aimed at to evaluate the bioeconomic impact of the protein and mineral salt supplementation on the livestock productive performance of a beef cattle breeding in native pastures invaded by this species, in the region of the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The economic gross margin was estimated from the effect of the treatments generated through the following technical coefficients: birth rate, liveweight gain, stocking rate, heifers birth liveweight and supplement consumption. The treatments consisted on the supply of the following supplements: a) CS - common salt; b) MS - mineral salt; c) PS - protein salt; d) MRP - a mixture of reproduction mineral salt and protein salt. In general, the mix SRP presented the best technical coefficients, such as increase of birth rate and higher average animal liveweight which, therefore, resulted as the largest gross margin. The MS presented the worst technical coefficients as well as the lowest gross margin. The SRP and SP presented higher birth rate and heifer production for sale as well as a faster renewal of the beef livestock breeding cows optimizing the proposed system. In economical terms, the use of SRP presented the best gross margin

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF A NATIVE PASTURE DOMINATED BY Eragrostis plana Nees AND ITS RELATION WITH METABOLIC PROFILE OF PRIMIPAROUS COWS SUPPLEMENTED FROM PREGNANCY TO POSTPARTUM

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of the forage mass of a native pasture covered by 70% of Eragrostis plana Nees (South African lovegrass) under continuous grazing of primiparous cows. The following chemical characteristics of forage components leaves and stems of South African lovegrass and native species were evaluated: organic matter in vitro digestibility (OMIVD), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The protein and mineral metabolic profile in blood was associated with the supplements common salt, mineral salt, protein salt and reproduction salt. There was higher crude protein content in leaves and stems of South African lovegrass in winter (9.4% and 6.7) and spring (8.9% and 6.6), respectively. Metabolic protein in the blood did not differ among supplements (P> 0.05), but levels of albumin (34.5 to 25.3 g/L) and urea (36.2 to 30.1 mg/dL) decreased from winter to summer. There was deficiency of the average content of mineral phosphorus for cows supplemented with protein salt (3.9), mineral salt (3.3) and common salt (2.2) in spring and common salt (2.9 mg/dL) in summer. Primiparous cows managed on native pasture with a prevalence of 70% coverage of South African lovegrass need mineral phosphorus supplementation with reproduction salt in spring and summer. Keywords: crude protein; leaf; organic matter in vitro digestibility; native species; neutral detergent fiber

Recuperação e viabilidade de sementes de Capim-Annoni-2 em fezes de novilhos

05