A case based discussion on the role of Design Competences in Social Innovation.

Thus far, many contributions in the field of design have described design’s role in the life cycle of a successful Social Innovation (SI). Design, in fact, has been proposed by many authors to be the most suitable approach to developing SI initiatives from their start-up to release. In particular, some authors have proposed Design Thinking as the best methodology for the development of new SIs; while others, promote Participatory Design as the best method to support SIs, heralding its process of collaboration, networking and coproduction. Nevertheless, many research results have demonstrated that the need to find a balance between social and economic objectives is one of the main barriers to SI. This paper discusses these general results as they have been elaborated in the context of the SIMPACT European project and focuses on the value of design competences to better design SI products, services and brands, which is explored through the discussion of two well established cases of SI in Europe

Simulation of gauge transformations on systems of ultracold atoms

We show that gauge transformations can be simulated on systems of ultracold atoms. We discuss observables that are invariant under these gauge transformations and compute them using a tensor network ansatz that escapes the phase problem. We determine that the Mott-insulator-to-superfluid critical point is monotonically shifted as the induced magnetic flux increases. This result is stable against the inclusion of a small amount of entanglement in the variational ansatz.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Strigolactones affect phosphorus acquisition strategies in tomato plants

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that modulate morphological, physiological and biochemical changes as part of the acclimation strategies to phosphorus (P) deficiency, but an in‐depth description of their effects on tomato P‐acquisition strategies under P shortage is missing. Therefore, in this study, we investigate how SLs impact on root exudation and P uptake, in qualitative and quantitative terms over time, in wild‐type and SL‐depleted tomato plants grown with or without P. Under P shortage, SL‐depleted plants were unable to efficiently activate most mechanisms associated with the P starvation response (PSR), except for the up‐regulation of P transporters and increased activity of P‐solubilizing enzymes. The reduced SL biosynthesis had negative effects also under normal P provision, because plants over‐activated high‐affinity transporters and enzymatic activities (phytase, acidic phosphatase) to sustain elevated P uptake, at great carbon and nitrogen costs. A shift in the onset of PSR was also highlighted in these plants. We conclude that SLs are master kinetic regulators of the PSR in tomato and that their defective synthesis might lead both to suboptimal nutritional outcomes under P depletion and an unbalanced control of P uptake when P is available

Numerical simulations of light scattering in soft anisotropic fibrous structures and validation of a novel optical setup from fibrous media characterization

The insight of biological microstructures is at the basis of understanding the mechanical features and the potential pathologies of tissues, like the blood vessels. Different techniques are available for this purpose, like the Small Angle Light Scattering (SALS) approach. The SALS method has the advantage of being fast and non-destructive, however investigation of its physical principles is still required. Within this work, a numerical study for SALS irradiation of soft biological fibrous tissues was carried out through in-silico simulations based on a Monte Carlo approach to evaluate the effect of the thickness of the specimen. Additionally, the numerical results were validated with an optical setup based on SALS technique for the characterization of fibrous samples with dedicated tests on four 3D-printed specimens with different fibers architectures. The simulations revealed two main regions of interest according to the thickness (thk) of the analyzed media: a Fraunhofer region (thk < 0.6 mm) and a Multiple Scattering region (thk > 1 mm). Semi-quantitative information about the tissue anisotropy was successfully gathered by analyzing the scattered light spot. Moreover, the numerical results revealed a remarkable coherence with the experimental data, both in terms of mean orientation and dispersion of fibers

Null Deformed Domain Wall

We study null 1/4 BPS deformations of flat domain wall solutions (NDDW) in N=2, d=5 gauged supergravity with hypermultiplets and vector multiplets coupled. These are uncharged time-dependent configurations and contain as special case, 1/2 supersymmetric flat domain walls (DW), as well as 1/2 BPS null solutions of the ungauged supergravity. Combining our analysis with the classification method initiated by Gauntlett et al., we prove that all the possible deformations of the DW have origin in the hypermultiplet sector or/and are null. Here, we classify all the null deformations: we show that they naturally organize themselves into "gauging" (v-deformation) and "non gauging" (u-deformation). They have different properties: only in presence of v-deformation is the solution supported by a time-dependent scalar potential. Furthermore we show that the number of possible deformations equals the number of matter multiplets coupled. We discuss the general procedure for constructing explicit solutions, stressing the crucial role taken by the integrability conditions of the scalars as spacetime functions. Two analytical solutions are presented. Finally, we comment on the holographic applications of the NDDW, in relation to the recently proposed time-dependent AdS/CFT.Comment: 38 pages; minor changes, references added; text revised, minor changes, final version published in JHE

Asteroseismology using quadrupolar f-modes revisited: breaking of universal relationships in the slow hadron-quark conversion scenario

In this work, we consider polar perturbations and we calculate the frequency and damping time of the quadrupolar fundamental f -mode of compact objects, constructed using a wide range of model-independent hybrid equations of state that include quark matter. We give special attention to the impact of the hadron-quark conversion speed that, in the slow case, gives rise to a branch of slow stable hybrid stars. Moreover, we study the validity of universal relationships proposed in the literature and find out that none of them remains valid when slow stable hybrid stars are taken into account. This fact could constrain the applicability of asteroseismology methods with fundamental modes designed to estimate the properties of pulsating compact objects. We hope that this result could be tested with the start up of the third-generation gravitational wave observatories, which might shed some light on the f -mode emission from compact objects.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures. Comments are welcom

Nucleoli, rRNA Genes and ITS Region in Posidonia Oceanica (L.) Delile

The maximum number of nucleoli was counted in interphase nuclei of Posidonia oceanica, and a restriction pattern of nuclear rDNA was obtained after digestion with four restriction endonucleases and Southern hybridization. P. oceanica has only one type of ribosomal gene whose size was estimated to be 18.5 kbp long. The nucleotide sequence of the entire ITS region was also determined by direct sequencing of PCR amplified DNA fragments. The sequence of the ITS region was aligned with those of homologous regions of other monocots available in literature, and phylogenetic trees were obtained