WPŁYW BIOMASY WSIEWEK MIĘDZYPLONOWYCH I SŁOMY NA PLON ORAZ WARTOŚĆ ODŻYWCZĄ BULW ZIEMNIAKA

The paper presents the results of research carried out over 2001-2003 which aimed at describing the influence of undersown crops and spring barley straw fertilization on chemical composition of table potato tubers. Two factors were examined. I - undersown crops fertilization: control variant (without undersown crops fertilization), farmyard manure, black medic (Medicago lupulina), black medic (Medicago lupulina) + Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). II – straw fertilization (subblock without straw, subblock with straw). Obtained results allow to conclude that, fertilization with mixture of black medic with Italian ryegrass and black medic in combinations without straw or with straw in terms of size and quality of yield of potato tubers it equals or it even exceeds the farmyard manure fertilization. The increase of starch, vitamin C and true protein content in comparison with control variant was noted in potato tubers fertilizerd with undersown crops biomass and straw.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z lat 2001-2003 mające na celu określenie wpływu nawożenia wsiewkami międzyplonowymi i słomą jęczmienia jarego na skład chemiczny bulw ziemniaka jadalnego. W doświadczeniu badano dwa czynniki. Pierwszy czynnik – nawożenie wsiewką międzyplonową: obiekt kontrolny (bez nawożenia wsiewką), obornik, lucerna chmielowa, lucerna chmielowa + życica wielokwiatowa, życica wielokwiatowa. Drugi czynnik – nawożenie słomą: podblok bez słomy, podblok ze słomą. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, iż nawożenie mieszanką lucerny chmielowej z życicą wielokwiatową oraz lucerną chmielową w kombinacjach bez słomy lub ze słomą pod względem wielkości i jakości plonu bulw ziemniaka dorównuje, a nawet przewyższa nawożenie obornikiem. Wzrost zawartości skrobi, witaminy C i białka właściwego w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym odnotowano w bulwach ziemniaka nawożonego biomasą wsiewek międzyplonowych i słomą

WPŁYW BIOMASY WSIEWEK MIĘDZYPLONOWYCH I SŁOMY NA PLON ORAZ WARTOŚĆ ODŻYWCZĄ BULW ZIEMNIAKA

The paper presents the results of research carried out over 2001-2003 which aimed at describing the influence of undersown crops and spring barley straw fertilization on chemical composition of table potato tubers. Two factors were examined. I - undersown crops fertilization: control variant (without undersown crops fertilization), farmyard manure, black medic (Medicago lupulina), black medic (Medicago lupulina) + Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). II – straw fertilization (subblock without straw, subblock with straw). Obtained results allow to conclude that, fertilization with mixture of black medic with Italian ryegrass and black medic in combinations without straw or with straw in terms of size and quality of yield of potato tubers it equals or it even exceeds the farmyard manure fertilization. The increase of starch, vitamin C and true protein content in comparison with control variant was noted in potato tubers fertilizerd with undersown crops biomass and straw.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z lat 2001-2003 mające na celu określenie wpływu nawożenia wsiewkami międzyplonowymi i słomą jęczmienia jarego na skład chemiczny bulw ziemniaka jadalnego. W doświadczeniu badano dwa czynniki. Pierwszy czynnik – nawożenie wsiewką międzyplonową: obiekt kontrolny (bez nawożenia wsiewką), obornik, lucerna chmielowa, lucerna chmielowa + życica wielokwiatowa, życica wielokwiatowa. Drugi czynnik – nawożenie słomą: podblok bez słomy, podblok ze słomą. Otrzymane wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, iż nawożenie mieszanką lucerny chmielowej z życicą wielokwiatową oraz lucerną chmielową w kombinacjach bez słomy lub ze słomą pod względem wielkości i jakości plonu bulw ziemniaka dorównuje, a nawet przewyższa nawożenie obornikiem. Wzrost zawartości skrobi, witaminy C i białka właściwego w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym odnotowano w bulwach ziemniaka nawożonego biomasą wsiewek międzyplonowych i słomą

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERCROPS AND FARMYARD MANURE FERTILIZATION IN CHANGEABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS ON CONSUMPTION VALUE OF POTATO TUBERS

The paper presents the results of research carried out over 1999-2002 with the aims to determine the influence of intercrops and farmyard manure fertilization on consumption value of potato tubers in changeable weather conditions. The following combinations of intercrops fertilization were taken into account: the control plot (without intercrop fertilization), farmyard manure, undersown crop (birdsfoot trefoil, birdsfoot trefoil + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass), stubble crop (oleiferous radish, oleiferous radish – mulch). The results pointed that, the conditions of vegetation period, significantly modified the consumption values of potato tubers. The consumption value of potato tubers which were fertilized with intercrops was formed on approximated level, as the potato which was fertilized with farmyard manure. The best consumption features, especially taste, had potatoes which were fertilized with birdsfoot trefoil and with the mixture of birdsfoot trefoil and Italian ryegrass

Analysis of fMRI time series : neutrosophic-entropy based clustering algorithm

Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging (fMRI) time series plays a vital role in identifying the activation behaviour of neurons in the human brain. However, due to the complexity of the fMRI data, its analysis is challenging. Some studies show that the clustering methods can be beneficial in this respect. We apply a Neutrosophic Set-Based Clustering Algorithm (NEBCA) to fMRI time series datasets by this motivation. For the experimental purpose, we consider fMRI time series related to working memory tasks and resting-state. The clusters with different densities for the two analyzed cases are determined and compared. The identified differences indicate brain regions involved with the processing of the short-memory tasks. The corresponding brain areas are denoted according to Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) atlas. The statistical reliability of the findings is verified through various statistical tests. The presented results demonstrate the utility of the neutrosophic set based algorithm in brain neural data analysis

Beyond the low frequency fluctuations : morning and evening differences in human brain

Human performance, alertness, and most biological functions express rhythmic fluctuations across a 24-h-period. This phenomenon is believed to originate from differences in both circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake regulatory processes. Interactions between these processes result in time-of-day modulations of behavioral performance as well as brain activity patterns. Although the basic mechanism of the 24-h clock is conserved across evolution, there are interindividual differences in the timing of sleep-wake cycles, subjective alertness and functioning throughout the day. The study of circadian typology differences has increased during the last few years, especially research on extreme chronotypes, which provide a unique way to investigate the effects of sleep-wake regulation on cerebral mechanisms. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed the influence of chronotype and time-of-day on resting-state functional connectivity. Twenty-nine extreme morning- and 34 evening-type participants underwent two fMRI sessions: about 1 h after wake-up time (morning) and about 10 h after wake-up time (evening), scheduled according to their declared habitual sleep-wake pattern on a regular working day. Analysis of obtained neuroimaging data disclosed only an effect of time of day on resting-state functional connectivity; there were different patterns of functional connectivity between morning (MS) and evening (ES) sessions. The results of our study showed no differences between extreme morning-type and evening-type individuals. We demonstrate that circadian and homeostatic influences on the resting-state functional connectivity have a universal character, unaffected by circadian typology

Relationship between neurological and cerebellar soft signs, and implicit motor learning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) patients share deficits in motor functions in the form of neurological (NSS) and cerebellar soft signs (CSS), and implicit motor learning disturbances. Here, we use cluster analysis method to assess (1) the relationship between those abnormalities in SZ and BD and (2) the differences between those groups. Methods: 33 SZ patients, 33 BD patients as well as 31 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. We assessed CSS with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and NSS with the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). Implicit motor learning was evaluated with the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT). Participants were divided into clusters (Ward's method) based on the mean response time and mean error rate in SRTT. The difference in ICARS and NES scores, and SRTT variables between clusters were evaluated. We have measured associations between SRTT parameters and both ICARS and NES total scores and subscores. Results: Cluster analysis based on the SRTT parameters allowed to extract three clusters. Those were characterized by the increasing disruption of motor functioning (psychomotor retardation, the severity of NSS and CSS) regardless of the diagnosis. Cluster 1 covered almost all of HC and was characterized by faster reaction times and small number of errors. BD and SZ patients represented in cluster 1, although fully functional in performing the SRTT, showed higher rates of NSS and CSS. Patients with BD and SZ were set apart in clusters 2 and 3 in a similar proportion. Cluster 2 presented significantly slower reaction times but with the comparable number of errors to cluster 1. Cluster 3 consisted of participants with normal or decreased reaction time and significantly increased number of errors. None of the clusters were predominantly composed of the patients representing one psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions: To our best knowledge, we are presenting the first data indicating the relationship between implicit motor learning and NSS and CSS in SZ and BD patients' groups. Lack of clusters predominantly represented by patients with the diagnosis of SZ or BD may refer to the model of schizophrenia-bipolar disorder boundary, pointing out the similarities between those two disorders

Task-dependent fractal patterns of information processing in working memory

We applied detrended fluctuation analysis, power spectral density, and eigenanalysis of detrended cross-correlations to investigate fMRI data representing a diurnal variation of working memory in four visual tasks: two verbal and two nonverbal. We show that the degree of fractal scaling is regionally dependent on the engagement in cognitive tasks. A particularly apparent difference was found between memorisation in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Furthermore, the detrended cross-correlations between brain areas were predominantly indicative of differences between resting state and other tasks, between memorisation and retrieval, and between verbal and nonverbal tasks. The fractal and spectral analyses presented in our study are consistent with previous research related to visuospatial and verbal information processing, working memory (encoding and retrieval), and executive functions, but they were found to be more sensitive than Pearson correlations and showed the potential to obtain other subtler results. We conclude that regionally dependent cognitive task engagement can be distinguished based on the fractal characteristics of BOLD signals and their detrended cross-correlation structure

Non-linear Functional Brain Co-activations in Short-Term Memory Distortion Tasks

Recent works shed light on the neural correlates of true and false recognition and the influence of time of day on cognitive performance. The current study aimed to investigate the modulation of the false memory formation by the time of day using a non-linear correlation analysis originally designed for fMRI resting-state data. Fifty-four young and healthy participants (32 females, mean age: 24.17 ± 3.56 y.o.) performed in MRscanner the modified Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm in short-term memory during one session in the morning and another in the evening. Subjects’ responses were modeled with a general linear model, which includes as a predictor the nonlinear correlations of regional BOLD activity with the stimuli, separately for encoding and retrieval phases. The results show the dependence of the non-linear correlations measures with the time of day and the type of the probe. In addition, the results indicate differences in the correlations measures with hippocampal regions between positive and lure probes. Besides confirming previous results on the influence of time-of-day on cognitive performance, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of the non-linear correlation analysis method for the characterization of fMRI task paradigms.Fil: Ceglarek, Anna. Jagiellonian University; PoloniaFil: Ochab, Jeremi K.. Jagiellonian University; PoloniaFil: Cifre, Ignacio. Universitat Ramon Llull; EspañaFil: Fafrowicz, Magdalena. Jagiellonian University; PoloniaFil: Sikora Wachowicz, Barbara. Jagiellonian University; PoloniaFil: Lewandowska, Koryna. Jagiellonian University; PoloniaFil: Bohaterewicz, Bartosz. Jagiellonian University; PoloniaFil: Marek, Tadeusz. Jagiellonian University; PoloniaFil: Chialvo, Dante Renato. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Físicas. - Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Ciencias Físicas; Argentin