5 research outputs found

    STI and DUI innovation modes: scientific-technological and context-specific nuances

    Get PDF
    In this paper, we join the debate on business innovation modes that originates from the wider literature on innovation systems. These specific contributions identify and study the impact of different innovation modes, particularly the mode focused on scientific and technologically-based innovation (STI) vs. the mode based on learning-by-doing, by-using, and by-interacting (DUI). Echoing the seminal contribution by Jensen et al. (2007) and a range of other studies, we confirm the importance of the combined STI&DUI interaction mode, which has a stronger impact on innovation output (technological and non-technological) than the two separate individual modes. Additionally, we propose a novel hypothesis on the effectiveness of firm's interaction modes. We argue that the independent STI mode has a stronger effect on technological innovation, whereas the independent DUI mode has a stronger impact on non-technological innovation. In addition, in line with works on the geography of innovation, and innovation systems, we try to determine the impact of regional vs. global DUI and STI interactions on technological and non-technological innovations. In this case, we expect that in diverse geographic locations, businesses tend to adopt their own context-specific interaction modes, which produce a differentiated impact on innovation output. This study is applied to a large sample of firms in the context of the Basque Autonomous Community in Spain

    Morphometric characterization of the teats in carora cows

    No full text
    Se estudiaron las caracter铆sticas morfol贸gicas de 2663 vacas Carora, de once fincas lecheras en seis Estados de Venezuela, la evaluaci贸n se hizo siguiendo un esquema subjetivo que describi贸 tres diferentes formas de los pezones: embudo, cil铆ndrico y botella, y siete categor铆as para la forma de la punta de los pezones: redondeado, puntiagudo, plano, prolapsado, disco, invertido y mixto. Los pezones delanteros y traseros, derechos e izquierdos, fueron observados de manera separada, antes del orde帽o de la tarde. El largo del pez贸n se midi贸 desde la base del mismo, donde se une a la ubre, hasta el 谩pice del pez贸n. El di谩metro del pez贸n se midi贸 en aproximadamente en la mitad lo que corresponde a su parte m谩s amplia. La frecuencia de la forma de pez贸n fue: 48,69% embudo, 32,84% cil铆ndricas y 15,34% botella. La frecuencia de la forma de la punta del pez贸n fue: 52,65% redondeado, 28,02% puntiagudo, 8,72%, plano, 4,3% prolapsado, 2,18% disco, 0,86% invertido y 0,12% mixto. El objetivo de la investigaci贸n fue categorizar en vacas Carora, las caracter铆sticas morfol贸gicas de los pezones, las cuales pueden ser importantes, en la producci贸n de leche, velocidad de orde帽o y en la resistencia individual a infecciones intramamarias.421 - 428BimestralMorphological characteristics of teats were studied in 2663 Carora Cows, from eleven dairy farms in six States of Venezuela, registered in the Carora Breeder Association. A subjective scheme of evaluation was develop to describe three different teat shapes: funnel, cylindrical and bottle and seven categories for teat-shape teat: round, pointed, plane, prolapsed, disk, inverted and mixed. Front right and left teat and rear right and left teat were observed separately prior afternoon milking. The length of the teat was measured of the base teat where attachment udder to the teat apex. The diameter of teat was measured middle high on the teat. Frequencies of teat shape were: 48.69% funnel, 32.84% cylindrical and 15.34% bottle. Frequencies of teat-end shape were: 52.65% round, 28.02% pointed, 8.72% plane, 4.3% prolapsed, 2.18% disk, 0.86% inverted and 0.12% mixed. The purpose of the investigation was to categorize in Carora cows, morphological characteristics of teat which may be of importance in order to yield milk, rate milking and the individual resistance to intramammary infections

    Comparison of morphological traits of teats in three dairy breeds

    No full text
    Entre agosto 2003 y febrero del a帽o 2004 se evaluaron las caracter铆sticas de los pezones en 1263 vacas Carora, 403 Holstein y 118 Jersey ubicadas en Venezuela. La forma del pez贸n fue clasificada como embudo, cil铆ndrico y botella, mientras que la punta del pez贸n se clasific贸 de la siguiente manera: puntiaguda, redondeada, plana, disco, invertido y prolapsada. Se midi贸 tambi茅n, el largo y para cada pez贸n. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto raza sobre las caracter铆sticas morfol贸gicas de los pezones. El largo y di谩metro fueron analizados con un modelo mixto incluyendo como efectos fijos la raza, edad de la vaca, la interacci贸n reba帽o - a帽o de nacimiento y el efecto aleatorio de la vaca dentro del reba帽o. Los tipos de pezones y las puntas de los mismos se analizaron por medio del SAS versi贸n 8,0 con el Proc. Freq y el Proc. Univar铆ate. Para la asociaci贸n de las caracter铆sticas de los pezones con las razas se utiliz贸 la prueba de Ji cuadrado (x虏). La raza Carora mostr贸 un efecto significativo sobre el largo y di谩metro del pez贸n: el largo estimado fue 5,9; 5,4 y 5,3 cm y el di谩metro estimado fue 2,3; 2,2 y 2,1 para Carora, Holstein y Jersey, respectivamente. Ning煤n efecto significativo de raza fue encontrado para la forma y tipo punta de pez贸n, pero hubo predominio en las tres razas de la forma redondeada, seguido de los puntiagudos.393 - 400BimestralMorphological traits of teats and teat-end were evaluated from August 2003 to February 2004 in 1263 Carora, 403 Holstein and 118 Jersey cows reared in Venezuela. Teat type was classified as funnel, cylindrical and bottle whereas teat-end was classified as pointed, round, flat, disk, funnel shape and prolapsed. Also, the length and diameter were measured for each teat. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological effect of breed on the teat treats. Teat length and diameter were analyzed by a mixed model including the fixed effects of breed, age of cows, herd- birth year interaction and the random effect of the cow within herd. Teats and teat-end types were analyzed by SAS version 8.0 with the Proc. Freq and Proc. Univar铆ate. In order to associate the teat traits with the breed was used Chi square (x虏). Carora breed showed a significant effect on teat length and diameter: the estimated teat length was 5.9, 5.4 and 5.3 cm and the estimated teat diameter was 2.3, 2.2 and 2.1 for Carora, Holstein and Jersey, respectively. Teat length and diameter increased as the age increases. No significant effect of breed was found for teat and teat-end type but in the three breeds there was predominance of round and pointed shape
    corecore