Second Nature Geography and Regional Income Disparities in Colombia

In this paper, we derive and estimate a New Economic Geography model for the Colombian departments.2 We first derive an econometric specification relating wages to a distance weighted sum of the volumes of economic activities of the surrounding locations. Them, we test our econometric specification with data for Colombian departments in the period 1975-2000. The empirical results confirm the theoretical predictions of our model, showing that second nature geography factors (access to consumer markets) are a key variable in explaining the spatial distribution of wages in Colombia.New Economic Geography, Spatial Structure of Wages, Market Access

Income distribution in the Latin American Southern Cone during the first globalization boom, ca: 1870-1920

Latin America is the most unequal region in the world and there is a lively debate concerning the explanations and timing of such high levels of income inequality. Latin America was also the region, not including European Offshoots, which experienced the most rapid growth during the first globalization boom. It can, therefore, be taken as an interesting case study for how globalization forces impinged on growth and income distribution in peripheral regions. This paper presents a first estimate of income inequality in the Southern Cone of South America (Brazil 1872 and 1920, Chile 1870 and 1920, Uruguay 1920) and some assumptions concerning Argentina (1870 and 1920), and Uruguay (1870). We find an increasing inequality trend between 1870 and 1920 which can be explained as a process of inequality both within individual countries and between countries. This trend is discussed along three lines: the relation between inequality and per capita income levels; the dynamics of the expansion to new areas, and movements of relative factor prices and of the terms of trade

Aplicación e integración de la norma ISO 9001:2008

La implementación de sistemas de gestión de calidad por parte de empresas del sector productivo y de servicios ha venido creciendo en los últimos años. Su uso es, cada vez más, un indicador de posicionamiento en el mercado, ya que permite no solo medir la eficiencia de una compañía a través de la satisfacción de sus clientes sino que, además, es garantía de un estricto seguimiento a los procesos de producción y actividades asociadas con la prestación de servicios.The implementation of quality management systems by companies of production and services sector has been growing in recent years . Its use is , increasingly, an indicator of market positioning , allowing not only measure the efficiency of a company through customer satisfaction but also , it guarantees strict monitoring processes production and activities associated with the provision of servicesPregrad

Los desafíos de la docencia universitaria

Esta ponencia presenta una reflexión acerca de los desafíos que enfrenta la docencia universitaria en el momento actual, con respecto a las condiciones mundiales y nacionales. En el ámbito mundial se analizan brevemente, los problemas relevantes de carácter económico-social, el desarrollo científico y tecnológico, así como la expansión del sistema universitario y los problemas de financiamiento. En el ámbito nacional, se analizan los siguientes aspectos: Vinculación de la Universidad con el sistema educativo nacional, características de la docencia que realizamos, incorporación de la tecnología educativa a la enseñanza en la educación superior, condiciones de los profesores y estudiantes, la administración al servicio de la docencia y las universidades públicas frente a las universidades privadas. A partir de este análisis se expresa la necesidad de revisar, de manera crítica, el quehacer universitario, de recuperar y fortalecer el carácter de conciencia lúcida, de buscar, de manera constante la superación académica y de renovar la práctica pedagógic

To find or not to find a first “significant” job

In this paper we look at school-to-work transitions in Spain. We distinguish between significant and non-significant jobs and show that educational investment enhances access to a first significant job compared to a non-significant one. We also find strong differences between men and women: education attainment provides a clearer differentiating device for women than for men, whatever field of education females choose. These results are tested and confirmed by a multinomial probit model of the probability of achieving both significant and non-significant jobs and by a discrete time duration model of the probability of achieving a significant job.School-to-work transition, job search, youth labour market

The first report of South American edrioasteroids and the paleoecology and ontogeny of rhenopyrgid echinoderms

A new species of rhenopyrgid edrioasteroid Rhenopyrgus piojoensis sp. nov. is described form the Silurian (Lower Lud− low) Los Espejos Formation in the Precordillera of Argentina. This species is the first reported edrioasteroid from South America. Rhenopyrgids are widely distributed in Ordovician through Devonian deposits of most continents. Numerous juvenile specimens show that the general bodyplan is organized early in ontogeny and that the pedenculate zone lengthens with age. Phylogenetic analysis shows that rhenopyrgids are more closely related to edrioasterid edrioasteroids such as edrioblastoids and cyathocystids than to pyrgocystid isorophids.Fil: Sumrall, Colin D.. University of Tennessee; Estados UnidosFil: Heredia, Susana Emma. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Mineras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Cecilia María. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Mineras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mestre García, Ana Isabel. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Mineras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin