Remembering 1812 in the 1840s: John Richardson and the Writing of the War

Soldier, traveller, writer, and journalist John Richardson's 1840 history of the War of 1812, along with his novel, The Canadian Brothers, also published in 1840, were some of the first written efforts by Upper Canadians to craft histories of the conflict. Richardson drew heavily on his own experiences as a young soldier during this time, mixing autobiography and documentary sources to craft his history; he also drew on his childhood in the Windsor-Detroit area for his novel. His work drew attention to the conflict in the southwestern area of the colony, a region at times overlooked in the War's public memory in favour of the Niagara peninsula. Richardson's accounts of the War of 1812 are notable for a number of reasons. Richardson himself was a highly mobile figure in the imperial and transatlantic world of the British military: his writings are part of the context of broader discussions of the Napoleonic Wars. Equally importantly, Richardson's work highlights the effects of war on men's bodies and their deployment in wartime struggle. His history and novel tell us much about discourses of masculinity in wartime, both European and Indigenous

Creating Interracial Intimacies: British North America, Canada, and the Transatlantic World, 1830–1914

This article explores the domestic relationships of a number of interracial couples: Kahkewaquonaby/Peter Jones and Eliza Field; Nahnebahwequa/ Catherine Sutton and William Sutton; Kahgegagahbowh/George Copway and Elizabeth Howell; and John Ojijatekah Brant-Sero, Mary McGrath, and Frances Kirby. These unions took place within the context of and, in a number of instances, because of Native peoples’ movements across a multiple boundaries and borders within British North America, Canada, and Britain. Based in both Canadian Native historiography and work in colonial and imperial history, particularly that which focuses on gender, this article argues that international networks, such as nineteenth-century evangelicalism, the missionary movement, and circuits of performance, shaped such unions and played a central, constitutive role in bringing these individuals together. However, the article also points to the importance of exploring such large-scale processes at the biographic and individual level. It points to the different outcomes and dynamics of these relationships and argues that no one category or mode of scholarly explanation can account for these couples’ fates. The article also points to multiple and varied combinations of gender, class, and race in these relationships. It thus offers another dimension to the historiography on Native-white intimate relationships in North America which, to date, has focused mostly on relationships between white men and Native or mixed-race/Métis women. The article concludes by considering how these relationships complicate our understanding of commonly used concepts in imperial history, specifically those of domesticity and home.Cet article explore les relations domestiques d’un groupe de couples interraciaux : Kahkewaquonaby/Peter Jones et Eliza Field; Nahnebahwequa/ Catherine Sutton et William Sutton; Kahgegagahbowh/George Copway et Elizabeth Howell; et John Ojijatekah Brant-Sero, Mary McGrath et Frances Kirby. Ces alliances ont été nouées dans le contexte et, dans plusieurs cas, en raison des mouvements des peuples autochtones par-delà de nombreuses frontières en Amérique du Nord britannique, au Canada et en Grande-Bretagne. Faisant fond sur l’historiographie autochtone canadienne et l’histoire coloniale et impériale, notamment celle s’intéressant aux relations hommes-femmes, cet article explique que les réseaux internationaux du XIXe siècle, comme l’évangélisme, le mouvement missionnaire et les circuits des représentations autochtones, ont façonné ces unions et joué un rôle central dans le rapprochement de ces personnes. Cependant, l’article insiste aussi sur l’importance d’explorer ces processus d’envergure à l’échelle de la biographie et de l’individu. Il révèle le dénouement et les dynamiques qui sous-tendent ces relations et fait valoir qu’aucune catégorie et aucun mode d’étude érudite à elle seule ne peut expliquer l’issue de ces relations. Cet article souligne aussi la variété et le nombre, au sein de ces couples, des rapports hommes-femmes, des classes sociales et des races. Il présente donc une nouvelle dimension à l’historiographie des relations intimes entre Autochtones et Blancs en Amérique du Nord qui, jusqu’à présent, a surtout porté sur les relations entre hommes blancs et femmes autochtones ou métisses. L’article conclut par un questionnement sur la façon dont ces relations compliquent notre compréhension de concepts utilisés couramment en histoire impériale, à savoir la domesticité et le foyer

"Old Ontario" Through the Lens of Feminist Scholarship, 1970s-1990s

This article explores a number of themes in feminist historical writing in Ontario history. It points to the different genres in which such work first appeared, assesses how feminist work has expanded or altered our knowledge of various periods and themes of the existing literature, and examines the contributions made by feminist historians to new areas of research. It concludes with a discussion of areas yet to be considered and suggests possibilities for new feminist frameworks for Ontario history.Cet article expolore un nombre de themes dans les ecrits historiques feministes dans l'histoire de l'Ontario. Il souligne les deux differents genres dans lesquels cette sorte de travail a d'abord fait apparution, evalue comment le travail feministe a elargi ou change notre connaissance des differents themes dans la litterature, et etudie les contributions faites par les historiennes feministes dans de nouveaux domaines de recherche. L'article finit avec une discussion sur des domaines qui n'ont pas encore ete consideres et suggere des possibilites pour de nouveaux cadres feministes pour l'histoire de l'Ontario

"A choke of emotion, a great heart-leap": English-Canadian Tourists in Britain, 1880s-1914

Many English-Canadian travellers to Britain at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century arrived with preconceived notions of themselves as “Canadians” and as members of the British Empire, as well as of the historical and cultural landscapes through which they would move. While their diaries and letters are strikingly similar in terms of places seen and attractions experienced, this repetition did not preclude some revisioning, or at least questioning, of the well-known script. They encountered, and to varying degrees were performers in, some of the more obviously staged dramas of imperialism in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. Coronation celebrations, Victoria’s Golden and Diamond Jubilees, royal funerals, and imperial and colonial exhibitions enabled tourists to reflect on their own Canadian identity as well as their relationship to the imperial centre and to other members of the Empire. Also, while English-Canadian men and women shared many similar experiences as colonial tourists, their participation in and reactions to these presentations of empire and history demonstrate the importance of gender in how meaning is shaped.De nombreux voyageurs canadiens anglais débarquaient dans la Grande-Bretagne de la fin du XIXe et du début du XXe siècles porteurs d’idées préconçues au sujet de leur identité en tant que « Canadiens » et membres de l’Empire britannique et du paysage historique et culturel qui les attendait. Malgré les ressemblances frappantes qu’évoquent leurs journaux et lettres, ils n’en ont pas moins mis en doute, voire mis au banc du révisionnisme, la validité du discours dominant. Ils ont été spectateurs et, à divers degrés, acteurs de certaines des scènes les plus manifestes de l’impérialisme de la Grande-Bretagne édouardienne au sortir de l’époque victorienne. Couronnements, jubilés d’or et de diamant de Victoria, funérailles royales et expositions impériales et coloniales, tout cela a permis aux touristes de réfléchir à leur propre identité canadienne de même qu’à leurs rapports avec la métropole impériale et d’autres membres de l’Empire. Ajoutons que si les hommes et les femmes du Canada anglais ont vécu des expériences de tourisme colonial semblables, leur participation et leurs réactions aux manifestations de l’Empire et de l’histoire font valoir l’importance du genre dans la façon dont se forge le sens

El tatú carreta

Fil: Morgan, Cecilia Clara. División Zoología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Ichthyological ecoregions of Argentina

The Argentine Republic is situated in the southernmost portion of the American continent, occupying over 2,785,600 km2 not including the Antarctic territory. The country ranges from subtropical areas (21º46’S) to subantarctic regions (55º03’S), extending latitudinally over about 4,000 km. It possesses significant latitudinal and altitudinal variation (33º of latitudinal range, and heights from Bajo de San Julián in Santa Cruz province at 105 m below sea level, up to Mt. Aconcagua, 6,959 m over sea level), as well as two gradients of physical variability, extending in north-south and east-west directions. Owing to these features, the country presents a wide range of climates and soil types, being one of the countries with greatest diversity of biogeographical units (Lean et al., 1990, In: Bertonatti & Corcuera, 2000). There are four main hydrographic systems: Río de la Plata basin, the Atlantic and Pacific drainages, and several endorrheic systems. Within these basins, the ichthyofaunistic assemblage is well represented, with different magnitude in accordance with the different taxonomic groupings and regions considered. From an ichthyogeographic standpoint, and according to the works of Ringuelet (1975) and Arratia et al. (1983), Argentina is included in the Brasilic and Austral Subregions. The first of these is represented by two domains: the Andean Domain, comprising the southernmost portion of Titicaca Province, and the Paranensean Domain, including part of Alto Paraná and Paranoplatensean Provinces. The Austral Subregion is represented in Argentina by the Subandean-Cuyan and Patagonian Provinces. The present survey indicates that there are about 441 fish species in Argentina, distributed throughout the country; this number represents less than 10% of the total fish species occurring in the Neotropical Region. There is a recognizable trend of faunal impoverishment, both in North-South and East-West direction, reaching its maximum expression in the provinces of Tierra del Fuego (situated at approximately 52º30’S to 55ºS, and 65ºS to 68º50’W) and San Juan (approximately 28º50’S and 67ºW to 70º45’W), which have 4 and 5 fish species respectively. In north-south direction, one of the regional indicators of this phenomenon is the Salado river basin in Buenos Aires province, which constitutes the southern distributional boundary for the majority of the paranoplatensean ichthyofauna; 12 of the families occurring in the Paraná-Plata system are absent from this pauperized paranensean ichthyofaunal assemblage. Most of the continental fish fauna of Argentina belongs to the primary division of Myers (1949), while some elements are included in the secondary division and others in an amphibiotic or ‘marine penetration’ category. This ichthyofaunistic scope encompasses a wide range of morphological, biological, ecological and ethological types (benthic and pelagic, migrating and sedentary, haematophagous or parasites, annual species, inhabitants of plains or heights, estivation-adapted, etc.) inhabiting different regions within the national territory

The postcranial skeleton of caviomorphs: morphological diversity, adaptations and patterns

Fil: Morgan, Cecilia Clara. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología Vertebrados; Argentin