Serum Endocannabinoid and Mood Changes after Exercise in Major Depressive Disorder

MEYER, J. D., K. M. CROMBIE, D. B. COOK, C. J. HILLARD, and K. F. KOLTYN. Serum Endocannabinoid and Mood Changes after Exercise in Major Depressive Disorder. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 51, No. 9, pp. 1909–1917, 2019. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and is responsive to acute exercise in healthy adults. Purpose: We aimed to describe acute changes in serum eCB across a prescribed moderate (MOD) and a self-selected/preferred (PREF) intensity exercise session in women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and determine relationships between changes in eCB and mood states. Methods: Women with MDD (n = 17) exercised in separate sessions for 20 min on a cycle ergometer at both MOD or PREF in a within-subjects design. Blood was drawn before and within 10 min after exercise. Serum concentrations of eCB (anandamide [AEA], 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and related lipids (palmitoylethanolamine, oleoylethanolamine, 2-oleoylglycerol) were quantified using stable isotope-dilution, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The profile of mood states and state-trait anxiety inventory (state only) were completed before, 10 min and 30 min postexercise. Results: Significant elevations in AEA (P = 0.013) and oleoylethanolamine (P = 0.024) occurred for MOD (moderate effect sizes: Cohen’s d = 0.58 and 0.41, respectively). Significant (P \u3c 0.05) moderate negative associations existed between changes in AEA and mood states for MOD at 10 min (depression, confusion, fatigue, total mood disturbance [TMD] and state anxiety) and 30 min postexercise (confusion, TMD and state anxiety). Significant (P \u3c 0.05) moderate negative associations existed between 2-arachidonoylglycerol and mood states at 10 min (depression and confusion) and 30 min postexercise (confusion and TMD). Changes in eCB or related lipids or eCB–mood relationships were not found for PREF. Conclusion: Given the broad, moderate–strength relationships between improvements in mood states and eCB increases after MOD, it is plausible that the eCB system contributes to the mood-enhancing effects of prescribed acute exercise in MDD. Alternative mechanisms are likely involved in the positive mood state effects of preferred exercis

Paisaje y territorio: revisitando conceptos a partir de las transformaciones del paisaje pampeano argentino

El presente trabajo se propone revisar, desde la perspectiva de los estudios territoriales, los conceptos de paisaje y territorio. Estos términos resultan componentes complejos, polisémicos, transdisciplinares y son abordados desde diversas miradas a través de la historia.Desde esta perspectiva, se propone interpelar la noción de paisaje rural, para lo cual se toma como caso de estudioal territorio pampeano del sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Se considera que dicho paisaje, a pesar de las diversas transformaciones y cambios a lo que es sometido desde su conformación hasta la actualidad, presenta permanencias que nos conducen a reflexionar sobre la identidad del territorio y su utilidad como herramienta para enriquecer los instrumentos de ordenamiento territorial contemporáneos. Es así que se pretende contribuir al conocimiento teórico y metodológico de los estudios territoriales a fin de desarrollar nuevas herramientas cognoscitivas y de intervención territorial.The present work intends to review, from the perspective of territorial studies, the concepts of landscape and territory. These terms are complex, polysemic, transdisciplinary components and are approached from various perspectives throughout history. From this perspective, it is proposed to address the notion of rural landscape, for which the case is taken as the case of Pampas territory in the south of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. This landscape, despite the various transformations and changes to what is submitted from its formation to the present,registerpermanencies that lead us to reflect on the identity of the territory and its usefulness as a tool to enrich the instruments of contemporary territorial ordering. It is thus intended to contribute to the theoretical and methodological knowledge of territorial studies, to develop new cognitive and territorial interventiontools

Exploration of colonic looping patterns in undisturbed cadaveric specimens.

INTRODUCTION: This study examines sex differences in the disposition of the sigmoid and transverse segments of the colon in undisturbed cadaveric abdomens and relates these findings to the anecdotal observation that colonoscopy is more challenging in females through the formation of tortuous bowel loops. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty two undisturbed cadaveric abdomens were inspected. Three distinct configuration grades were separately assigned to the sigmoid and transverse segments of the colon on the basis of the pattern of the bowel loops observed in situ. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to analyze sex differences in bowel loop configuration and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to identify co-occurrence of configuration grades in the subjects. RESULTS: For the transverse segment, females had higher configuration grades corresponding to longer bowel loops with greater redundancy, compared to males (p = .000047). There was no sex difference in the sigmoid segment grade (p = .21636). Sigmoid and transverse segment grades were highly correlated in the subjects (coefficient = 0.9994). CONCLUSION: Sex differences in the configuration grades of the sigmoid or transverse colonic segments may be a significant contributing factor to increased difficulty of colonoscopy in females

Entre le champ et la rivière: transformations du paysage productif dans la région métropolitaine de Rosario (Argentine)

El paisaje productivo de la Región Metropolitana de Rosario, Argentina, presenta una dialéctica particular entre el campo y el río. El presente trabajo se propone comprender el proceso de conformación y transformación de dicho paisaje, a fin de reflexionar en torno a sus rupturas y continuidades a través del tiempo, como de los desafíos y oportunidades a los que se encuentra sujeto. Para lo cual, a través de una metodología predominantemente cualitativa, se realiza el análisis crítico de archivos documentales históricos, cartografías, fotos satelitales y registros elaborados a partir de recorridos exploratorios sobre el territorio. Se comprende así que las dinámicas territoriales asociadas al campo y aquellas vinculadas al río se encuentran íntimamente articuladas desde sus orígenes, dejando huellas clave para el desarrollo de las distintas actividades que han tenido o tienen lugar actualmente en la región.The productive landscape of the Metropolitan Region of Rosario, Argentina, presents a particular dialectic between the country and the river. This paper aims to understand the process of conformation and transformation of this landscape, in order to reflect on its ruptures and continuities over time, as well as the challenges and opportunities to which it is subject. To this end, through a predominantly qualitative methodology, a critical analysis of historical documentary archives, cartographies, satellite photos and records elaborated from exploratory trips over the territory is carried out. It is thus understood that the territorial dynamics associated with the countryside and those linked to the river are intimately articulated since its origins, leaving key traces for the development of the different activities that have taken place or are currently taking place in the region.Le paysage productif de la région métropolitaine de Rosario, en Argentine, présente une dialectique particulière entre le champ et le fleuve. Le présent travail s'attache à comprendre le processus de conformation et de transformation de ce paysage, afin de réfléchir sur ses ruptures et continuités dans le temps, ainsi que sur les défis et opportunités auxquels il est soumis. Pour lequel, à travers une méthodologie majoritairement qualitative, est réalisée l'analyse critique des archives documentaires historiques, des cartographies, des photos satellites et des enregistrements issus de visites exploratoires du territoire. Ainsi, il est entendu que les dynamiques territoriales associées à la campagne et celles liées à la rivière sont étroitement liées depuis leurs origines, laissant des traces clés pour le développement des différentes activités qui se sont déroulées ou se déroulent actuellement dans la région.Fil: Galimberti, Cecilia Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Universitario Rosario de Investigaciones Urbanas y Regionales. - Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Universitario Rosario de Investigaciones Urbanas y Regionales; ArgentinaFil: Jacob, Nadia Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

Translation and adaptation of functional auditory performance indicators (FAPI)

Work with deaf children has gained new attention since the expectation and goal of therapy has expanded to language development and subsequent language learning. Many clinical tests were developed for evaluation of speech sound perception in young children in response to the need for accurate assessment of hearing skills that developed from the use of individual hearing aids or cochlear implants. These tests also allow the evaluation of the rehabilitation program. However, few of these tests are available in Portuguese. Evaluation with the Functional Auditory Performance Indicators (FAPI) generates a child's functional auditory skills profile, which lists auditory skills in an integrated and hierarchical order. It has seven hierarchical categories, including sound awareness, meaningful sound, auditory feedback, sound source localizing, auditory discrimination, short-term auditory memory, and linguistic auditory processing. FAPI evaluation allows the therapist to map the child's hearing profile performance, determine the target for increasing the hearing abilities, and develop an effective therapeutic plan. Objective: Since the FAPI is an American test, the inventory was adapted for application in the Brazilian population. Material and Methods: The translation was done following the steps of translation and back translation, and reproducibility was evaluated. Four translated versions (two originals and two back-translated) were compared, and revisions were done to ensure language adaptation and grammatical and idiomatic equivalence. Results: The inventory was duly translated and adapted. Conclusion: Further studies about the application of the translated FAPI are necessary to make the test practicable in Brazilian clinical use

Open Data in action: Initiatives during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for access to timely, relevant, and quality data. This demand has been driven by several needs: taking informed policy actions quickly, improving communication on the current state of play, carrying out scientific analysis of a dynamic threat, understanding its social and economic impact, and enabling civil society oversight and reporting. Based on an open call for evidence, this report assesses how open government data (OGD) was used to react and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic during initial stage of the crisis (March-July 2020). It also seeks to transform lessons learned into considerations for policy makers on how to improve OGD policies to better prepare for future shocks