Chloroplast import and sequential maturation of pea carbonic anhydrase: the roles of various parts of the transit peptide

AbstractChloroplast pea carbonic anhydrase is synthesised in the cytosol with an unusually long bipartite N-terminal extension of the mature sequence previously proposed to serve as a transit peptide. Studies of import into pea chloroplasts show that the N-terminal 69 amino acids of the previously proposed transit peptide is sufficient for translocation and localisation to the stroma, while the acidic C-terminal part does not seem to have any function in these processes. Processing of the in vitro imported precursors is shown to be at a new cleavage site located in the middle of the actual transit peptide. The results indicate that maturation occurs in more than one step. The time-course does not seem to be dependent on the age of the chloroplast but on the age of the translocated precursor

Processing of the chloroplast transit peptide of pea carbonic anhydrase in chloroplasts and in Escherichia coli Identification of two cleavage sites

AbstractThe chloroplast transit peptide (cTP) of pea carbonic anhydrase was shown to be processed at two different sites, giving protein subunits of two sizes. The cleavage sites were identified and found to be localized immediately before and after a highly charged part, containing 8 acidic and 6 basic residues, of the cTP. Properties of pea carbonic anhydrase produced in Escherichia coli show that folding, oligomerization and catalytic activity do not depend on the presence of the acidic part or the rest of the cTP. The pattern of processing of the cTP in E. coli indicates that cleavage at site I is specific for a chloroplastic stromal peptidase and that cleavage at site I prevents processing at site II

Samband mellan ulcus och kliniska symptomhos hästar

Clinical signs associated with equine gastric ulceration are commonly reported in the literature, but are vague and often unsubstantiated. Clinical signs of gastric ulceration in yearlings and mature horses are less well recognized than in foals, but may be more important economically. There are no studies in the literature that have investigated the statistical association between clinical signs and gastric ulceration. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a statistical association between commonly reported clinical signs of gastric ulceration and gastric ulcer severity as determined by endoscopic examination of the stomach. The hypothesis of this study was that there is no association between the severity of gastric ulceration and the owners perception of clinical signs of gastric ulceration. To achieve statistical significance, the study included 100 horses. A gastroscopic examination was performed on all the horses and documented on video. Owners were then asked to fill in a questionnaire documenting the clinical signs exhibited by their horses in the 3 months prior to the examination. The ulcers where graded into four categories1) presence or absence of gastric ulcers; 2) presence or absence of clinical significant gastric ulcers (i.e. needing treatment or not); 3) presence or absence of glandular ulcers; and 4) presence or absence of non-glandular ulcers. The four categories where compared to the clinical signs using a Pearson Chi-Square or Mann- Whitney U-test. Significance was set at p<0.05. A statistical association was found between clinical significant ulcers and losing weight (p=0,01) and between ulcer or no ulcer and losing weight (p=0,051). The results suggest that an owners perception of their horse losing weight could be associated with the presence of gastric ulcers and an increased severity of gastric ulcers, and can be used as an indication to perform gastroscopy on these individuals. There was no association between gastric ulcer severity and the owners perception of colic, crib-biting, flank-biting, fussy eating, changes in behaviour, chronic diarrhoea, bruxism, poor body condition, poor coat condition and poor performance, and requests from owners to have gastroscopy performed on their horses based upon these clinical signs should be approached with caution

Dramapedagogik som konflikthantering : Ett utvecklingsarbete med fokus på förebyggande konfliktmetoder

Syftet med detta utvecklingsarbete var att undersöka huruvida dramapedagogik med fokus på forumspel/rollspel kunde ge en ökad förståelse för konflikter hos elever. Vi ville även synliggöra hur konflikter kan hanteras och förebyggas på ett effektivt sätt. Med detta arbete ville vi även sträva efter att öka elevernas självkänsla. Verktyg som använts för dokumentation för vårt utvecklingsarbete var observationer, reflektioner samt instudering av tidigare forskning. Vi har planerat och genomfört sex lektionstillfällen i en årskurs trea där behovet av konflikthantering var stort. Genomfört utvecklingsarbete visar att dramapedagogik är en effektiv och lustfylld arbetsmetod. Vår slutsats är att dramapedagogik stärker elevernas självkänsla och gruppdynamik

Das Marketing der SEB-Bank auf dem deutschen Markt

Der vorliegende Aufsatz ist eine Untersuchung innerhalb des Aufbaustudiums für Deutsch an der Hochschule Södertörn. Der Titel lautet „Das Marketing der SEB-Bank auf dem deutschen Markt“ und der Aufsatz behandelt demnach die neue Marketingkampagne der SEB AG in Deutschland. Es wird untersucht, welches Bild die SEB-Bank von sich vermitteln will und auch, wie die Bank von den Kunden aufgefasst wird, also das Verhältnis zwischen Image und Identität. Untersucht wird auch, wie die Werbung und die Symbole der SEB-Bank kommuniziert werden. Die Untersuchung ist eine Fallstudie der SEB-Bank und die Informationen wurden sowohl aus Primärdaten als auch aus Sekundärdaten zusammengestellt. Die Sekundärdaten bestehen aus einer Literaturstudie innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebiets und die Primärdaten bestehen teils aus einem Mail-Interview mit Patrick Becker, Direktor Marketing der SEB-Bank, teils aus einer Befragung unter den Kunden und potentiellen Kunden der SEB-Bank. Aus den Resultaten der Studie leiten sich folgende Schlussfolgerungen ab: die SEB-Bank positioniert sich als ein schwedischer, kundenfreundlicher Finanzdienstleister mit hoher Service und Beratungsqualität. Es ist der Bank zum Teil gelungen, dieses Bild an den Kunden zu vermitteln