4,044 research outputs found
Mitogenome and Nuclear-encoded Fungicide-target Genes of Thecaphora frezii - Causal Agent of Peanut Smut
Background: Thecaphora frezii Carranza and Lindquist causes smut disease in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) resulting in up to 35% yield losses. Fungicides have shown ineffective in controlling the disease; whereas research on the molecular basis of that fungicide resistance has been hindered because of the lack of genetic information about T. frezii. The goal of this work was to provide molecular information about fungicide-target loci in T. frezii, including its mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) and critical nuclear-encoded genes.
Results: Here we report the complete annotated mitogenome of T. frezii, a 123,773 bp molecule containing the standard 14 genes that form part of mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and V, 22 transfer RNAs, small and large subunits of ribosomal RNA, DNA polymerase, ribonuclease P, GII-reverse transcriptase/maturase, nine hypothetical open-reading frames and homing endonucleases (LAGLIDADG, GIY-YIG, HEG). In addition, we report the full-length cDNA sequence of T. frezii cytochrome b (cob) and cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) genes; as well as partial sequences of T. frezii succinate dehydrogenase (sdhb), ergosterol biosynthesis (Erg4), cytochrome P450 (cyp51), and beta tubulin (β-tubulin) genes, which are respective targets of strobilurins, quinone oxidation inhibitors, triazoles and beta-tubulin inhibitor fungicides commonly used in the peanut crop. Translation of cob and sdhb genes in this particular T. frezii isolate suggests potential resistance to strobilurin and carboxamide fungicides.
Conclusion: The mitogenome and nuclear-encoded gene sequences presented here provide the molecular tools to research T. frezii fungicide-target loci
Measurements and tests of hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Extensive air showers are complex objects, resulting of billions of particle
reactions initiated by single cosmic ray at ultra-high-energy. Their
characteristics are sensitive both to the mass of the primary cosmic ray and to
the details of hadronic interactions. Many of the interactions that determine
the shower features occur in kinematic regions and at energies beyond those
tested by human-made accelerators. We will report on the measurement of the
proton-air cross section for particle production at a center-of-mass energy per
nucleon of 39 TeV and 56 TeV. We will also show comparisons of post-LHC
hadronic interaction models with shower data by studying the moments of the
distribution of the depth of the electromagnetic maximum, the number and
production depth of muons in air showers, and finally a parameter based on the
rise-time of the surface detector signal, sensitive to the electromagnetic and
muonic component of the shower. While there is good agreement found for
observables based on the electromagnetic shower component, discrepancies are
observed for muon-sensitive quantities.Comment: Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays 2018 (UHECR2018
Studying the nuclear mass composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory measures the
atmospheric depth, , where the longitudinal profile of the high energy
air showers reaches its maximum. This is sensitive to the nuclear mass
composition of the cosmic rays. Due to its hybrid design, the Pierre Auger
Observatory also provides independent experimental observables obtained from
the Surface Detector for the study of the nuclear mass composition. We present
-distributions and an update of the average and RMS values in
different energy bins and compare them to the predictions for different nuclear
masses of the primary particles and hadronic interaction models. We also
present the results of the composition-sensitive parameters derived from the
ground level component.Comment: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Topics in
Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2011, Munich, German
Constraints and measurements of hadronic interactions in extensive air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory
The characteristics of extensive air showers are sensitive to the details of
hadronic interactions at energies and in kinematic regions beyond those tested
by human-made accelerators. Uncertainties on extrapolations of the hadronic
interaction models in these regions hamper the interpretation of the ultra high
energy cosmic ray data in terms of primary mass composition. We report on how
the Pierre Auger Observatory is able to constrain the hadronic interaction
models by measuring the muon content and muon production depth of air showers
and also by measuring the proton-air cross section for particle production at a
center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV.Comment: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Topics in
Astroparticle and Underground Physics, Asilomar, California USA. (TAUP2013
MARTA: A high-energy cosmic-ray detector concept with high-accuracy muon measurement
A new concept for the direct measurement of muons in air showers is
presented. The concept is based on resistive plate chambers (RPCs), which can
directly measure muons with very good space and time resolution. The muon
detector is shielded by placing it under another detector able to absorb and
measure the electromagnetic component of the showers such as a water-Cherenkov
detector, commonly used in air shower arrays. The combination of the two
detectors in a single, compact detector unit provides a unique measurement that
opens rich possibilities in the study of air showers.Comment: 11 page
The interplay between the electromagnetic and the muonic longitudinal profile at production
The electromagnetic and the muonic longitudinal profile at production
enclosure important information about the primary particle and the hadronic
interactions that rule the shower development. In fact, these two profiles
provide two different insights of the shower: the electromagnetic component
gives a measurement of the energy and the strength of the neutral pion channel;
while the muonic profile, being intimately related with the charged mesons
decays, can be used as a direct probe for the high energy hadronic
interactions.
In this work we explore the interplay between the electromagnetic and muonic
profiles, by analysing their phenomenologic behaviour for different primary
masses and energies, zenith angles, and also different high energy hadronic
interaction models. We have found that the muonic longitudinal profile at
production displays universal features similar to what is known for the
electromagnetic one. Moreover, we show that both profiles have new primary mass
composition variables which are fairly independent of the high energy hadronic
interaction model.
Finally we discuss how the information in the electromagnetic and the muonic
longitudinal profile can be combined to break the degeneracy between the
primary mass composition and the high energy hadronic physics.Comment: 5 pages, to appear in conference proceedings of International
Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2012),
Berlin, German
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