Discriminaciones en el acceso al empleo de los menores no acompañados en Italia

I minori non accompagnati che arrivano in Italia in condizione di clandestinità con l’intento di trovare un lavoro per migliorare la loro posizione economica, non godono del “diritto al lavoro” come gli altri minori presenti in Italia malgrado abbiano i requisiti; ciò succede anche se il diritto alla parità di trattamento è un diritto fondamentale della persona riconosciuto dai Principi Internazionale e anche dalla Costituzione italiana. In riguardo si è creata una giurisprudenza volta a superare il carattere discriminatorio delle norme, ma essa non è sufficiente ad attivare interventi di protezione sociale o a prevenire situazioni di rischio e possibili pratiche di sfruttamento, pertanto la grande sfida del legislatore italiano è quella di affrontare tale discriminazione tra minori cittadini e minori stranieri.Unaccompanied minors coming to Italy, clandestinely, with the intent to find a job in order to improve their economic position, do not enjoy the "right to work" in the same way as the other minors in Italy. This is in spite of the fact that they meet the requirements; it happens although the right to equal treatment is a fundamental human right, accepted by International Principles and recognized in the Italian Constitution. In this regard, a jurisprudence was created, aimed precisely at overcoming the discriminatory nature of the rules, but it appears clearly inadequate to activate social protection measures or to prevent risk situations and possible exploitation practices. Consequently, the great challenge of the Italian legislator is to tackle such discrimination between minors who are citizens and foreign minors

Advection schemes and grid design

We discuss the characteristics of the first order advection scheme in coastal areas. In particular we focus our attention on the relationship between the geometry of the coast, as represented in the computational grid, and the wave fields derived from a numerical model. Having considered an alternative scheme, we show how the results may depend substantially on the characteristics of the scheme. It follows that, when modelling in coastal areas, the grid distribution and the advection scheme should be chosen taking reciprocal account of their characteristics

A Lexicographic product for Signed Graphs

A signed graph is a pair = (G; ), where G = (V (G);E(G)) is a graph and E(G) {+1;−1} is the sign function on the edges of G. The notion of composition (also known as lexicographic product) of two signed graphs and = (H; ) already exists in literature, yet it fails to map balanced graphs onto balanced graphs. We improve the existing denition showing that our `new' signature on the lexicographic product of G and H behaves well with respect to switching equivalence. Signed regularities and some spectral properties are also discussed

The predictability of the "Voyager" accident

International audienceOn 14 February 2005 a severe mistral storm caused substantial damage to the passenger cruiser "Voyager" between Balearic Islands and Sardinia. The storm had been well predicted. However, the ship was hit by one or more, apparently unexpected, large waves. Our aim was to understand if this was a freak event or it was within the expectable probability. At this aim we use our best estimate of the local wave conditions, obtained combining modelling and measured data. Starting from these we derive the probability of large waves, considering both linear and non-linear cases. Notwithstanding a correction towards the worse of the, otherwise inconsistent, available reports, on the basis of the data at disposal we conclude that, given the local conditions, the event was within the range of the potentially expectable wave heights. This turns out to be even more the case on the basis of recent results based on theoretical and experimental data

La Stima dei Moduli Elastici delle Murature Secondo le Norme Tecniche: il Confronto con la Sperimentazione

Nel presente lavoro viene proposto uno studio sperimentale per la caratterizzazione meccanica di diverse tipologie di muratura. Vengono in particolare valutati i moduli elastici longitudinali e tangenziali che come è noto condizionano la risposta di sistemi murari sotto carichi laterali. I valori sperimentali sono confrontati con quelli stimabili per mezzo dei modelli proposti dalle normative tecniche italiana (DM 14/01/2008) e europea (Eurocodice 6). Lo studio prende spunto dalla questio posta dalla norma americana (MSJC 2008) che, pur proponendo l’uso di tali modelli, riconosce la poca sperimentazione eseguita a supporto della loro validazione. La campagna sperimentale ha incluso prove di compressione sui componenti (malte e blocchi), prove di compressione diagonale e prove di compressione ordinaria (in direzione ortogonale ai letti di malta) su porzioni di muratura. I risultati conseguiti hanno consentito la valutazione diretta dei moduli elastici e successivamente di ottenere le grandezze meccaniche necessarie per l’utilizzo dei succitati modelli normativi

Spectral analysis of the wreath product of a complete graph with a cocktail party graph

Graph products and the corresponding spectra are often studied in the literature. A special attention has been given to the wreath product of two graphs, which is derived from the homonymous product of groups. Despite a general formula for the spectrum is also known, such a formula is far from giving an explicit spectrum of the compound graph. Here, we consider the latter product of a complete graph with a cocktail party graph, and by making use of the theory of circulant matrices we give a direct way to compute the (adjacency) eigenvalues