1,203 research outputs found
The Importance of Time Congruity in the Organisation.
In 1991 Kaufman, Lane, and Lindquist proposed that time congruity in terms of an individual's time preferences and the time use methods of an organisation would lead to satisfactory performance and enhancement of quality of work and general life. The research reported here presents a study which uses commensurate person and job measures of time personality in an organisational setting to assess the effects of time congruity on one aspect of work life, job-related affective well-being. Results show that time personality and time congruity were found to have direct effects on well-being and the influence of time congruity was found to be mediated through time personality, thus contributing to the person–job (P–J) fit literature which suggests that direct effects are often more important than indirect effects. The study also provides some practical examples of ways to address some of the previously cited methodological issues in P–J fit research
Identification of hip fracture patients from radiographs using Fourier analysis of the trabecular structure: a cross-sectional study
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Nonlinear ion-acoustic (IA) waves driven in a cylindrically symmetric flow
By employing a self-similar, two-fluid MHD model in a cylindrical geometry,
we study the features of nonlinear ion-acoustic (IA) waves which propagate in
the direction of external magnetic field lines in space plasmas. Numerical
calculations not only expose the well-known three shapes of nonlinear
structures (sinusoidal, sawtooth, and spiky or bipolar) which are observed by
numerous satellites and simulated by models in a Cartesian geometry, but also
illustrate new results, such as, two reversely propagating nonlinear waves,
density dips and humps, diverging and converging electric shocks, etc. A case
study on Cluster satellite data is also introduced.Comment: accepted by AS
Validation of the test need for cognition: a study in behavioral accounting
This study aimed to validate the Need for Cognition scale (NFC) in behavioral accounting. In addition, we sought to measure the possible correlations between the level of need for cognition and the existence of cognitive biases in decisions in accounting and financial information. Two validations were performed to carry out the process of full validation – criterion and construct. The analysis was done by the examination of a sample comprised by 128 graduation students. The statistical technique used for the validation of this test was a factorial analysis for it has the ability to determine the degree of influence of a particular variable in the explanation of a factor, and the processing logistic regression was used for the explanation of possible values as a function of known values or independent variables. The results of the construct of validity showed the legitimacy of the NFC as a unidimensional scale excluding three outputs of its original scale, since the criterion validity of the results confirmed the impact of the level of cognition in maximizing the occurrence of heuristics in managerial decisions
Associations between music education, intelligence, and spelling ability in elementary school
Musical education has a beneficial effect on higher cognitive functions, but
questions arise whether associations between music lessons and cognitive
abilities are specific to a domain or general. We tested 194 boys in Grade 3 by
measuring reading and spelling performance, non verbal intelligence and asked
parents about musical activities since preschool. Questionnaire data showed that
53% of the boys had learned to play a musical instrument. Intelligence was
higher for boys playing an instrument (p < .001). To
control for unspecific effects we excluded families without instruments. The
effect on intelligence remained (p < .05).
Furthermore, boys playing an instrument showed better performance in spelling
compared to the boys who were not playing, despite family members with
instruments (p < .01). This effect was observed
independently of IQ. Our findings suggest an association between music education
and general cognitive ability as well as a specific language link
Does IQ = IQ? Comparability of Intelligence Test Scores in Typically Developing Children
A self-rating scale for patient-perceived side effects of inhaled corticosteroids
BACKGROUND: Patient-reported side effect questionnaires offer a simple method for the systematic measurement of drug-related side effects. In order to measure patients' inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) related side effect perceptions the 14-day retrospective Inhaled Corticosteroid Questionnaire (ICQ) was developed. In this research we aim to assess the construct validity and reliability of the ICQ and test its responsiveness to dose changes in adult asthma patients. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, current inhaler users with asthma completed the ICQ (27 with non ICS inhaler; 61 BDP equivalent daily ICS low dose ≤400 μg; 62 mid dose 401–800 μg; and 105 with high dose >800 μg). We generated 3 construct validity hypotheses: 1) a hierarchical dose-response pattern for scoring of the individual items on the ICQ, and statistically significant differences in the scores of each of the 15 ICQ domains by ICS dose group 2) an association between ICS dose and ICQ scoring after adjusting for appropriate confounders in multiple regression; 3) greater convergence between local side effect domains than between systemic and local domains of the scale. Test-retest reliability was assessed on a randomly selected subgroup of patients (n = 73) who also completed the ICQ a second time after 7 days. In a separate longitudinal study, 61 patients with asthma completed the ICQ at baseline and after changing their daily ICS dose, at 2- and 6- months, in order to test the ICQ's responsiveness. RESULTS: All three construct validity hypotheses were well supported: 1) a statistically significant difference existed in scores for 14 domains, the high ICS dose group scoring highest; 2) ICS dose independently predicted ICQ scoring after adjusting for confounders; 3) greater convergence existed between local ICQ domains than between local and systemic domains. The ICQ had good reproducibility: test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥0.69 for all but the 'Facial Oedema' domain. In the longitudinal study, ICQ scores for 'Voice Problems' changed significantly at 2- and 6-months from baseline and other ICQ domains displayed trends in scoring change accordant with dose modulation at 6-months. CONCLUSION: The ICQ has good dose-related discriminative properties, is valid, reliable, and shows potential responsiveness to ICS dose change
Satellite Observations of Separator Line Geometry of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection
Detection of a separator line that connects magnetic nulls and the
determination of the dynamics and plasma environment of such a structure can
improve our understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic reconnection
process. However, this type of field and particle configuration has not been
directly observed in space plasmas. Here we report the identification of a pair
of nulls, the null-null line that connects them, and associated fans and spines
in the magnetotail of Earth using data from the four Cluster spacecraft. With
di and de designating the ion and electron inertial lengths, respectively, the
separation between the nulls is found to be ~0.7di and an associated
oscillation is identified as a lower hybrid wave with wavelength ~ de. This in
situ evidence of the full 3D reconnection geometry and associated dynamics
provides an important step toward to establishing an observational framework of
3D reconnection.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures and 1 tabl
Refining trait resilience: identifying engineering, ecological, and adaptive facets from extant measures of resilience
The current paper presents a new measure of trait resilience derived from three common
mechanisms identified in ecological theory: Engineering, Ecological and Adaptive (EEA)
resilience. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of five existing resilience scales
suggest that the three trait resilience facets emerge, and can be reduced to a 12-item scale.
The conceptualization and value of EEA resilience within the wider trait and well-being psychology
is illustrated in terms of differing relationships with adaptive expressions of the traits
of the five-factor personality model and the contribution to well-being after controlling for
personality and coping, or over time. The current findings suggest that EEA resilience is a
useful and parsimonious model and measure of trait resilience that can readily be placed
within wider trait psychology and that is found to contribute to individual well-bein
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