On three-dimensional misorientation spaces.

Determining the local orientation of crystals in engineering and geological materials has become routine with the advent of modern crystallographic mapping techniques. These techniques enable many thousands of orientation measurements to be made, directing attention towards how such orientation data are best studied. Here, we provide a guide to the visualization of misorientation data in three-dimensional vector spaces, reduced by crystal symmetry, to reveal crystallographic orientation relationships. Domains for all point group symmetries are presented and an analysis methodology is developed and applied to identify crystallographic relationships, indicated by clusters in the misorientation space, in examples from materials science and geology. This analysis aids the determination of active deformation mechanisms and evaluation of cluster centres and spread enables more accurate description of transformation processes supporting arguments regarding provenance

Long-term clinical safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccines: a prospective, multi-country, observational study

In this prospective, observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02661464), long-term safety information was collected from participants previously exposed to the Ebola vaccines Ad26.ZEBOV and/or MVA-BN-Filo while enrolled in phase 1, 2, or 3 clinical studies. The study was conducted at 15 sites in seven countries (Burkina Faso, France, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Adult participants and offspring from vaccinated female participants who became pregnant (estimated conception ≤28 days after vaccination with MVA-BN-Filo or ≤3 months after vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV) were enrolled. Adults were followed for 60 months after their first vaccination, and children born to female participants were followed for 60 months after birth. In the full analysis set (n = 614 adults; median age [range]: 32.0 [18–65] years), 49 (8.0%) had ≥1 serious adverse event (SAE); the incidence rate of any SAE was 27.4 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 21.0, 35.2). The unrelated SAEs of malaria were reported in the two infants in the full analysis set, aged 11 and 18 months; both episodes were resolved. No deaths or life-threatening SAEs occurred during the study. Overall, no major safety issues were identified; one related SAE was reported. These findings support the long-term clinical safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo vaccines

Long-Term Clinical Safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola Vaccines: A Prospective, Multi-Country, Observational Study.

In this prospective, observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02661464), long-term safety information was collected from participants previously exposed to the Ebola vaccines Ad26.ZEBOV and/or MVA-BN-Filo while enrolled in phase 1, 2, or 3 clinical studies. The study was conducted at 15 sites in seven countries (Burkina Faso, France, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Adult participants and offspring from vaccinated female participants who became pregnant (estimated conception ≤28 days after vaccination with MVA-BN-Filo or ≤3 months after vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV) were enrolled. Adults were followed for 60 months after their first vaccination, and children born to female participants were followed for 60 months after birth. In the full analysis set (n = 614 adults; median age [range]: 32.0 [18-65] years), 49 (8.0%) had ≥1 serious adverse event (SAE); the incidence rate of any SAE was 27.4 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 21.0, 35.2). The unrelated SAEs of malaria were reported in the two infants in the full analysis set, aged 11 and 18 months; both episodes were resolved. No deaths or life-threatening SAEs occurred during the study. Overall, no major safety issues were identified; one related SAE was reported. These findings support the long-term clinical safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo vaccines

The Word Frequency Effect for Open- and Closed-Class Items

A previous attempt (Segui, Mehler, Frauenfelder,&Morton, 1982) to assess in French the putative computational asymmetry between open- and closed-class words failed to reveal a difference in frequency sensitivity for these two types of words. In the present paper, two further lexical decision experiments are presented. The experimental conditions were chosen to maximise the chances of finding differences in frequency sensitivity between the two word classes (speeded responses and stimulus masking). Both experiments revealed strong frequency effects for open- and closed-class items and thus no asymmetry in frequency sensitivity. The implications of these results for both normal and aphasic populations are discussed

Médicaments génériques, le point de vue des médecins : enquête d'opinion réalisée auprès des médecins libéraux du Maine-et-Loire

Introduction : Les médicaments génériques sont des copies de médicaments originaux. Leur essor en France n'est pas aussi rapide que prévu et l'adhésion des prescripteurs est essentielle au développement de ces médicaments. Objectif : Le but de cette étude était de mieux connaître l'opinion et les pratiques des médecins libéraux concernant les médicaments génériques. Méthode : Un questionnaire a été envoyé aux 1235 médecins libéraux du Maine-et-Loire avec l'aide des Caisses Primaires d'Assurance Maladie (CPAM) du département en mars 2002. Plusieurs points étaient abordés dans ce questionnaire : opinion générale sur les génériques, modalités de prescription, droit de substitution et propositions pour une meilleure utilisation de ces produits. L'analyse des résultats de cette étude descriptive a été faite en utilisant le test du $\chi^2$ ou le test exact de Fisher en cas d'effectif inférieur à 5. Résultats : Quatre cent vingt-neuf questionnaires ont été retournés, soit un taux de participation de 34,7 %. Seuls 55 % des médecins pensent que les génériques ont la même qualité, efficacité et sécurité que les médicaments de référence. Ils sont 58,7 % à reconnaître un faible taux de prescription de génériques, celle-ci étant influencée par de nombreux facteurs liés au médecin lui-même, au patient ou au médicament. De nombreux médecins ont observé des incidents suite à la prise de médicaments génériques par leurs patients. Concernant le droit de substitution, 45 % des prescripteurs exercent un contrôle sur la substitution en la refusant dans certains cas. Parmi les propositions émises, la concertation entre médecins et pharmaciens pour le choix des génériques est approuvée par 57 % des médecins ayant répondu à notre enquête. Discussion : Le sentiment prédominant est celui d'une multitude de produits dans laquelle les patients et les professionnels de santé ont des difficultés à se retrouver, ce qui leur fait craindre une augmentation du risque d'incidents liés à l'usage des médicaments génériques. Les mesures proposées par les médecins ont pour but une simplification du système (diminution du nombre de spécialités génériques, instauration d'un prix unique ...). Conclusion : Les médecins libéraux ne semblent pas opposés à l'utilisation des génériques mais restent très soucieux des risques potentiellement encourus par leurs patients. Ils soulignent qu'il est important qu'un patient donné atteint de pathologie chronique reçoive toujours la même spécialité