Study of odorant compounds and sensory changes associated with wine spirit ageing using chestnut wood and Limousin oak under different technologies

The authors are very grateful to the sensory panel. The authors also thank Victor de Freitas as the Scientific Consultant of the Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-027819, and to João Pedro Catela, Nádia Santos, Manuela Gomes, Eugénia Gomes and Inês Antunes from Adega Cooperativa da Lourinhã, José Abílio Gonçalves and Sérgio Gonçalves from Tanoaria J. M. Gonçalves, Ana Partidário from INIAV—Oeiras, Pedro Rodrigues and Diogo Rodrigues from AZ3Oeno Portugal, Sílvia Lourenço, João Amaral, Deolinda Mota from INIAV—Polo de Dois Portos, and A. Pedro Belchior for their technical support.Wine spirit, resulting from wine distillation, usually undergoes ageing in wood before being marketed. Traditionally, the oak wood, especially from the French region of Limousin (mostly Quercus robur L.), is used for manufacturing the barrels for this purpose.Funding: This work is funded by Portuguese National Funds throughout FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology under the Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-027819 (PTDC/OCE-ETA/27819/2017). It was also supported by National Funds through FCT— Foundation for Science and Technology under the Projects UIDB/05183/2020 [MED]; UIDB/00239/2020 [CEF]; CEECIND/02725/2018, UIDB/00100/2020, UIDP/00100/2020 [CQE]; UID/AGR/04129/2020, DL 57/2016/CP1382/CT0025 [LEAF].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Leprosy and Kaposi Sarcoma Presenting as an Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient with AIDS

The simultaneous presence of infectious organisms within cutaneous lesions of Kaposi sarcoma in persons with AIDS has been demonstrated. We describe a patient with concurrent leprosy and Kaposi sarcoma presenting as an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the setting of AIDS

A loose-coupled fusion of inertial and UWB assisted by a decision-making algorithm for localization of emergency responders

Combining different technologies is gaining significant popularity among researchers and industry for the development of indoor positioning systems (IPSs). These hybrid IPSs emerge as a robust solution for indoor localization as the drawbacks of each technology can be mitigated or even eliminated by using complementary technologies. However, fusing position estimates from different technologies is still very challenging and, therefore, a hot research topic. In this work, we pose fusing the ultrawideband (UWB) position estimates with the estimates provided by a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) by using a Kalman filter. To improve the IPS accuracy, a decision-making algorithm was developed that aims to assess the usability of UWB measurements based on the identification of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. Three different data fusion algorithms are tested, based on three different time-of-arrival positioning algorithms, and experimental results show a localization accuracy of below 1.5 m for a 99th percentile.This work has been partially supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019 and Project UID/CTM/00264/2019 of 2C2T - Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, funded by National Founds through FCT/MCTES. The work of A. G. Ferreira and D. Fernandes was supported by the FCT under Grant SFRH/BD/91477/2012 and Grant SFRH/BD/92082/2012

The effect of transition metals on coniferaldehyde oxidation in wine spirits model solutions

Wood is known to be a complex biological system composed mainly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose is commonly degraded by the thermal treatment of wood during coopering giving rise to HMF and 5- methylfurfural, while hemicellulose can generate pentose by hydrolysis, and posteriorly, furfural and its derivatives. Lignin transformations during ageing process of distillates are among the most important factors that may influence the quality of aged wine spirit (WS).This research was funded by National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology under the Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-027819 (PTDC/OCE-ETA/27819/2017). The authors thank the research units and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.: CEF (UIDB/00239/2020); CQE (UIDB/00100/2020; UIDP/00100/2020); LEAF (UIDP/04129/2020; UIDB/04129/2020); MED (UIDB/05183/2020) and contracts CEECIND/02725/2018, CEECIND/02001/2017 and DL 57/2016/CP1382/CT0025.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of the storage in bottle on the antioxidant activities and related chemical characteristics of wine spirits aged with chestnut staves and micro-oxygenation

Different ageing technology of wine spirits (WSs) has been investigated, but little has been published on the chemical evolution of aged WS during storage in bottle. The purpose of this study was to examine how 12 months of storage in bottle affected the evolution of antioxidantactivity (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), total phenolic index (TPI) and low molecular weight (LMW)compounds content of the WSs aged through alternative technology using three micro-oxygenationlevels (MOX) and nitrogen control (N). Results revealed the ability of phenolic compounds fromaged WSs to scavenge free radicals during storage in bottle. Among the in vitro antioxidant-activity methods, FRAP assay was the more effective to differentiate WSs according to the ageing technology.Concerning the overall influence of storage in bottle on antioxidant activity, and TPI and LMW compoundscontent, the higher results were obtained for the MOX modalities (O15, O30 and O60), whichshowed a similar evolution. In summary, this study provides innovative information, demonstratingthat the differences between the aged WSs imparted throughout the ageing process (resulting from different MOX levels) were mostly retained, and only slight modifications during storage in bottle were found.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hydrolysable tannins in aged wine spirits: a fresh perspective using alternative ageing technology and high-resolution mass spectrometry

The authors are very grateful to Victor de Freitas as the Scientific Consultant of the Project POCI-01-0145- FEDER-027819, and to João Pedro Catela, Nádia Santos, Manuela Gomes, Eugénia Gomes and Inês Antunes from Adega Cooperativa da Lourinhã, José Abílio Gonçalves and Sérgio Gonçalves from Tanoaria J. M. Gonçalves, Ana Partidário from INIAV Oeiras, Pedro Rodrigues and Diogo Rodrigues from AZ3Oeno Portugal, Sílvia Lourenço, João Amaral, Deolinda Mota from INIAV Polo de Dois Portos, and A. Pedro Belchior for their technical support.Wine spirits (WSs) are usually aged in wooden barrels, but using wood pieces instead of barrels, with or without micro-oxygenation, is a technological alternative that has been investigated by our team.This research was funded by National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology under the Project OXYREBRAND - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-027819 (PTDC/OCE-ETA/27819/2017). The authors thank the research units and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.: CEF (UIDB/00239/2020); CQE (UIDB/00100/2020; UIDP/00100/2020); LEAF (UIDP/04129/2020; UIDB/04129/2020); MED (UIDB/05183/2020) and contracts CEECIND/02725/2018, CEECIND/02001/2017 and DL 57/2016/CP1382/CT0025.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of the Storage in Bottle on the Antioxidant Activities and Related Chemical Characteristics of Wine Spirits Aged with Chestnut Staves and Micro-Oxygenation

Different ageing technology of wine spirits (WSs) has been investigated, but little has been published on the chemical evolution of aged WS during storage in bottle. The purpose of this study was to examine how 12 months of storage in bottle affected the evolution of antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays), total phenolic index (TPI) and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds content of the WSs aged through alternative technology using three micro-oxygenation levels (MOX) and nitrogen control (N). Results revealed the ability of phenolic compounds from aged WSs to scavenge free radicals during storage in bottle. Among the in vitro antioxidant-activity methods, FRAP assay was the more effective to differentiate WSs according to the ageing technology. Concerning the overall influence of storage in bottle on antioxidant activity, and TPI and LMW compounds content, the higher results were obtained for the MOX modalities (O15, O30 and O60), which showed a similar evolution. In summary, this study provides innovative information, demonstrating that the differences between the aged WSs imparted throughout the ageing process (resulting from different MOX levels) were mostly retained, and only slight modifications during storage in bottle were foundinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Can cardiac computed tomography predict cardiovascular events in asymptomatic type-2 diabetics?: results of a long term follow-up

BACKGROUND: Doubts remain about atherosclerotic disease and risk stratification of asymptomatic type-2 diabetic patients (T2DP). This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of calcium score (CS) and coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) to predict fatal and non fatal cardiovascular events (CVEV) in T2DP. METHODS: Eighty-five consecutive T2DP undergoing CT (Phillips Brilliance, 16-slice) with CS and CTA were prospectively enrolled in a transversal case-control study. Patients were followed for 48 months (range 18 - 68) to assess CVEV: cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, revascularisation and stroke. Potential predictors of CVEV were identified. Predictive models based on clinical features, CTA and CS were created and compared. RESULTS: Performing CT impacted T2DP treatment. Cardiovascular risk was lowered during follow-up but metabolic control remained suboptimal. CVEV occurred in 11.8% T2DP (3.1%/year). CS ≥86.6 was predictor of CVEV over time, with a high negative predictive value, an 80% sensitivity and 74.7% specificity. Although its prognostic value was not independent of the presence/absence of obstructive CAD, adding CS and CTA data to clinical parameters improved the prediction of CVEV: the combined model had the highest AUC (0.888, 95%CI 0.789-0.987, p < 0.001) for the prediction of the study endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: CS showed great value in T2DP risk stratification and its prognostic value was further enhanced by CTA data. Information provided by CT may help predict CVEV in T2DP and potentially improve their outcome

Behaviour of low molecular weight compounds, iron and copper of wine spirit aged with chestnut staves under different levels of micro-oxygenation

Alternative technologies for a more sustainable wine spirits’ ageing have been studied but a lack of knowledge on the e ect of oxygenation level remains. This work examined the behaviour of low molecular weight compounds, iron and copper of a wine spirit aged in 50 L demijohns with chestnut wood staves combined with three levels of micro-oxygenation or nitrogen. Compounds and mineral elements were quantified by HPLC and FAAS, respectively, in samples collected at 8, 21, 60, 180, 270 and 365 days of ageing. Results showed that most of the compounds underwent significant changes in their content over time and behave di erently depending on the wine spirit’s oxygenation level: higher contents of gallic acid, syringic acid and vanillin were associated with lower micro-oxygenation level while higher contents of ellagic acid, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde resulted from higher one; lowest contents of these compounds were found in the nitrogen modality. Weak correlation between copper and the studied compounds was evidenced whereas closer relationship between iron, vanillin, gallic, syringic and ellagic acids at end of ageing was observed. This study provides innovative information on the role of oxygen in wine spirit’s ageing, and on chestnut wood e ect on wine spirit’s mineral compositioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio