Industry Collaboration with Large Research Infrastructures : What factors influence knowledge benefits for companies?

Firms' collaboration with large research infrastructure through procurement activities during the construction phase of a large-scale scientific experiment, has been previously shown to enhance suppliers' performance. The present work assesses the industry collaboration with CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, for the international study on a future particle accelerator for high energy physics, the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC study). The paper sheds light on the collaboration during the development phase of the CLIC study, while the previous literature has considered collaboration benefits during intensive procurement event – a construction phase of an approved project. In the development phase companies can participate in research, development, and improvement, as well as playing a consulting role for emerging technologies application. Therefore, the aim of the manuscript is to investigate outcomes for suppliers as knowledge benefits from the early-stage collaboration with the CLIC study. The conceptual framework is built on the exclusive dataset using the survey data from 71 industrial partners of the CLIC study. The results confirm positive aspects of early-stage collaboration and shows the roles of main influencing factors by involving multiple regression model.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

CLIC Wake Field Monitor as a detuned Cavity Beam Position Monitor: Explanation of center offset between TE and TM channels in the TD26 structure

The Wake Field Monitor (WFM) system installed on the CLIC prototype accelerating structure in CERN Linear Accelerator for Research (CLEAR) has two channels for each horizontal/vertical plane, operating at different frequencies. When moving the beam relative to the aperture of the structure, a disagreement is observed between the center position of the structure as measured with the two channels in each plane. This is a challenge for the planned use of WFMs in the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), where they will be used to measure the center offset between the accelerating structures and the beam. Through a mixture of simulations and measurements, we have discovered a potential mechanism for this, which is discussed along with implications for improving position resolution near the structure center, and the possibility determination of the sign of the beam offset.Comment: 16 pages, 20 figure

Magnetic performance of the main superconducting magnets for the LHC

The field strength and homogeneity of all the LHC superconducting magnets were measured as a part of the production control and qualification process that has taken place during the past four years. In addition to field measurements at room temperature performed on the integral of the production, a significant part of the magnets has been subjected to extensive magnetic measurements at cold. The measurements at cryogenic temperatures, generally performed up to excitation currents of 12 kA corresponding to the ultimate LHC energy of 7.6 TeV, were mainly based on static and dynamic field integral and harmonic measurements. This allowed us to study in detail the DC effects from persistent current magnetization and long-term decay during constant current excitation. These effects are all expected to be of relevance for the field setting and error compensation in the LHC. This paper reports the main results obtained during these tests executed at operating conditions. The integrated field quality is discussed in terms of distribution (average and spread) of the field strength and low-order harmonics as obtained for all the main ring magnet families (dipoles, main and matching quadrupoles). The dependence of field quality on coil geometry, magnet and cable manufacturer is analyzed. A projection of the field quality expected for the critical components in the machine is presented.peer-reviewe

High-Power Test of Two Prototype X-band Accelerating Structures Based on SwissFEL Fabrication Technology

This article presents the design, construction, and high-power test of two $X$-band radio frequency (RF) accelerating structures built as part of a collaboration between CERN and the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for the compact linear collider (CLIC) study. The structures are a modified 'tuning-free' variant of an existing CERN design and were assembled using Swiss free electron laser (SwissFEL) production methods. The purpose of the study is two-fold. The first objective is to validate the RF properties and high-power performance of the tuning-free, vacuum brazed PSI technology. The second objective is to study the structures' high-gradient behavior to provide insight into the breakdown and conditioning phenomena as they apply to high-field devices in general. Low-power RF measurements showed that the structure field profiles were close to the design values, and both structures were conditioned to accelerating gradients in excess of 100 MV/m in CERN's high-gradient test facility. Measurements performed during the second structure test suggest that the breakdown rate (BDR) scales strongly with the accelerating gradient, with the best fit being a power law relation with an exponent of 31.14. In both cases, the test results indicate that stable, high-gradient operation is possible with tuning-free, vacuum brazed structures of this kind

First field test of FiDeL the magnetic field description for the LHC

The start-up of the LHC has provided the first field test for the concept, functionality and accuracy of FiDeL, the Field Description for the LHC. FiDeL provides a parametric model of the transfer function of the main field integrals generated by the series of magnets in the LHC powering circuits, comprising superconducting and normal-conducting main optical elements and high-order harmonic correctors. The same framework is used to predict harmonic errors of both static and dynamic nature, and forecast appropriate corrections. In this paper we make use of beam-based measurements taken on the first LHC beams to assess the first-shot accuracy in the prediction of the current setting for the main arc magnets.peer-reviewe

CLIC: Key technology developments for the CLIC accelerator

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a future electron-positron collider under study. It foresees e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass energies ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The CLIC study is an international collaboration hosted by CERN. The lectures provide a broad overview of the CLIC project, covering the physics potential, the particle detectors and the accelerator. An overview of the CLIC physics opportunities is presented. These are best exploited in a staged construction and operation scenario of the collider. The detector technologies, fulfilling CLIC performance requirements and currently under study, are described. The accelerator design and performance, together with its major technologies, are presented in the light of ongoing component tests and large system tests. The status of the optimisation studies (e.g. for cost and power) of the CLIC complex for the proposed energy staging is included. One lecture is dedicated to the use of CLIC technologies in free electron lasers and other applications. &nbsp;</p

Status of PACMAN Project at CERN

Though the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is just at the start of a program expected to run for 20 additional years, CERN is studying the next generation of colliders, like the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). This project proposes an electron-positron collider with a length close to 50 km and with a centre of mass energy of 3 TeV at the collision point. One of the main challenges is the sub-micrometric size of the beams, down to a few nanometres at the interaction point. As a consequence, the accelerator will require unprecedented nanometric tolerances of beam alignment. A series of several thousands components will have to be assembled, aligned at the micrometre level and most critically, stabilized actively at the nanometre level. PACMAN, a study on Particle Accelerator Components Metrology and Alignment to the Nanometre scale, is a Marie Curie Program supported by the European Commission (FP7 Program), creating a network of 16 Academic and Industrial Partners. The project is hosted at CERN and it offers training and PhD studentship to 10 students selected worldwide. Specialties are covering: beam instrumentation, metrology, micrometric alignment, magnetic measurements, nano-positioning and high precision engineering. The technical goal of PACMAN is to push the limits of the alignment of accelerator components by combining multi-disciplinary measurements and techniques, in the same bench

Industrilization study for 12 GHz Accelerating Structures for CLIC 380

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV electron-positron machine under development by the CLIC accelerator collaboration for few decades. To be compact, the design aims to provide a very high accelerating gradient (100 MV/m) achieved by incorporating normal conductive radiofrequency (RF) cavities operating in X-band range (12 GHz). Each accelerating structure is a challenging component involved ultra-precise machining and diffusion bonding techniques. The first stage of CLIC operates at collision energy of 380 GeV for a site length of 11 km. It demands about 21630 accelerating structures. The present number of qualified suppliers for both machining and joining techniques is limited. Therefore, an industrialization study was done through a technical survey with qualified hi-tech companies. The aim is to evaluate capabilities of the current suppliers, to ensure the necessary manufacturing yield, schedule, and cost for mass production. Moreover, the strategy for ramping-up the production volume is individual to each supplier. The study will be followed by preparing an implementation strategy, which includes organization of the supply among different companies and quality assurance scheme. This note presents the results of the industrialization study for 12 GHz accelerating structures for CLIC 380 GeV, highlighting the principal challenges towards mass production

Low-beta Quadrupole Designs for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade

Several scenarios are considered for the upgrade of the LHC insertions in view of increasing the luminosity beyond 1034 cm-2s-1. In the case of “quadrupole first” option, superconducting low-b quadrupoles with apertures in the range of 90-110 mm are required in view of increased heat loads and beam crossing angles. We present possible low-b quadrupole designs based on existing Nb$_{3}$Sn and LHC NbTi superconductors, present scaling laws for the magnet parameters and discuss relative advantages of the underlying triplet layouts

CLIC Project Meeting #10

- CTF3 results (Roberto) - X-band testing situation (XBOX1) - X-band planning and space - X-band results - Re-baselining studies (Daniel) - CTC activity update (Hermann with CTC team) - ATF and FACET (update orally