Don Francisco de la Cueva y Silva y los orígenes del teatro nacional

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.  

B cell contribution to immunometabolic dysfunction and impaired immune responses in obesity

Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is also linked with more severe complications from infections, including COVID-19, and poor vaccine responses. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and associated immune perturbations play an important role in determining morbidity in people living with obesity. The contribution of B cells to immune dysregulation and meta-inflammation associated with obesity has been documented by studies over the past decade. With a focus on human studies, here we consolidate the observations demonstrating that there is altered B cell subset composition, differentiation, and function both systemically and in the adipose tissue of individuals living with obesity. Finally, we discuss the potential factors that drive B cell dysfunction in obesity and propose a model by which altered B cell subset composition in obesity underlies dysfunctional B cell responses to novel pathogens.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Derrotero y bitácora de una escultura móvil

Un cuaderno de bitácora es una narración que recoge el día a día a bordo de una embarcación. La información técnica más relevante durante la travesía, al igual que las sensaciones que esta nos despierta durante el viaje. Este trabajo fin de grado hace un paralelismo entre mi gran pasión por la vida marítima con el proceso de creación de obras artísticas, reflejando las distintas etapas del proyecto, los acontecimientos sobrevenidos en la navegación y sus aspectos fundamentales. Ambos procesos están supeditados a elementos naturales, totalmente ajenos al control humano, lo que hace que cada travesía y cada pieza resulte libre y viva, se constituyan a partir del hallazgo y los recursos a la mano y esté sujeta a una constante transformación. Una afirmación de la experiencia.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Bellas Arte

Surface laser treatment of cast irons: A Review

Heat treatments are frequently used to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials according to the requirements of their applications. Laser surface treatment (LST) has become a relevant technique due to the high control of the parameters and localization involved in surface modification. It allows for the rapid transformation of the microstructure near the surface, resulting in minimal distortion of the workpiece bulk. LST encompasses, in turn, laser surface melting and laser surface hardening techniques. Many of the works devoted to studying the effects of LST in cast iron are diverse and spread in several scientific communities. This work aims to review the main experimental aspects involved in the LST treatment of four cast-iron groups: gray (lamellar) cast iron, pearlitic ductile (nodular) iron, austempered ductile iron, and ferritic ductile iron. The effects of key experimental parameters, such as laser power, scanning velocity, and interaction time, on the microstructure, composition, hardness, and wear are presented, discussed, and overviewed. Finally, we highlight the main scientific and technological challenges regarding LST applied to cast irons.Fil: Catalán, Néstor. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecanica y Metalurgica; ChileFil: Ramos Moore, Esteban. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Física; ChileFil: Boccardo, Adrian Dante. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Celentano, Diego Javier. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecanica y Metalurgica; Chil

Identification of miRNAs involved in foetal growth restriction due to maternal smoking during pregnancy

Introduction: Smoking during pregnancy is associated with reduced foetal growth, amongst other effects. Epigenetic modification in the foetus and placenta during embryonic development as a result of changes in the function of miRNAs is one of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this. This dysregulation may be due to environmental changes or toxins such as tobacco. Objective: To study the impact of smoking during pregnancy and its role in intrauterine growth restriction via hypermethylated miRNAs. Materials and methods: The differences in methylation patterns for miRNAs in umbilical cord blood from low-birth-weight newborns of smoking mothers were compared with those from normal-weight newborns using MedIP-seq (StarArray). Results: Seven hypermethylated miRNAs were identified in the epigenetic study of cord blood from low-birth-weight newborns of smoking mothers in our sample. The miRNAs found to be hypermethylated were: MIR7-1, MIR3918, MIR1244-1, MIR4721, MIR25, MIR93, MIR3656. Conclusion: Intrauterine exposure to tobacco induces hypermethylation-mediated miRNA silencing in low-birth-weight newborns by modifying the expression of factors involved in vascular development, growth, and adaptation to hypoxia

Immunosuppressive Mechanisms of Regulatory B Cells

Funding Information: This work was financed by the National Agency for Research and Development ANID-Fondecyt Iniciación Grant Number 11170800. Doctoral training of AF was supported by ANID-PFCHA/National Doctoral Scholarship No 21181286. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2021 Catalán, Mansilla, Ferrier, Soto, Oleinika, Aguillón and Aravena.Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing immune responses and reestablishing immune homeostasis. The important role of Bregs in restraining the pathology associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses in autoimmunity and graft rejection has been consistently demonstrated, while more recent studies have suggested a role for this population in other immune-related conditions, such as infections, allergy, cancer, and chronic metabolic diseases. Initial studies identified IL-10 as the hallmark of Breg function; nevertheless, the past decade has seen the discovery of other molecules utilized by human and murine B cells to regulate immune responses. This new arsenal includes other anti-inflammatory cytokines such IL-35 and TGF-β, as well as cell surface proteins like CD1d and PD-L1. In this review, we examine the main suppressive mechanisms employed by these novel Breg populations. We also discuss recent evidence that helps to unravel previously unknown aspects of the phenotype, development, activation, and function of IL-10-producing Bregs, incorporating an overview on those questions that remain obscure.publishersversionPeer reviewe

[Las otras lenguas y variedades hispanas] – Vasco

Conjunto de 10 fichas formado por 1 separador y 9 fichas que forman unidad. El separador lleva por título “Vasco”. El vuelto del separador reproduce en la solapa el mismo título que aparece en el recto. Se recogen reflexiones de Unamuno y Pío Baroja acerca de la lengua española, coincidiendo ambos en que esta debe asumirse como lengua de cultura. También se reproducen reflexiones de Unamuno sobre la enseñanza del catecismo en vasco. Se exponen algunas de las teorías sobre el origen del vasco, según Meillet, y se habla de su ámbito de uso en el primer tercio del siglo XX. Se citan, además, obras de Manuel de Larramendi, Francisco Javier Simonet y Pablo Pedro de Astarloa dedicadas al estudio de la lengua vasca. Las fichas 1 y 2 están pegadas por la esquina inferior derecha. La ficha 1, además, contiene un recorte de prensa pegado que consiste en el artículo “El bilingüismo en las escuelas”, publicado en “Madrid rojo” el 7 de mayo de 1936, según anota Pidal en el margen derecho. Informa de la premura con que diputados y representantes corporativos de Galicia, Valencia, Mallorca y País Vasco solicitaban ante el Ministerio de Instrucción Pública la aprobación del decreto que proclamaba un régimen de bilingüismo escolar en sus respectivas regiones. Por su parte, la ficha 2, escrita por las dos caras y con información tachada en el vuelto, reproduce parte de la carta que el franciscano francés Valentin Breton dirigió a M. de Azpilikueta, autor de “Le problème basque”, el 13 de junio de 1938 y que fue publicada, a petición del cardenal Baudrillart, cinco días después en “Journal des débats politiques et littéraires” en un artículo bajo el título “Le problème catholique basque”. En ella, Valentin Breton habla sobre la lengua vasca y critica la actuación de los católicos vascos en la guerra civil española. La ficha 3 ha sido reutilizada para el recto. La ficha 7 contiene información tachada. La ficha 9 probablemente está escrita por Diego Catalán. Referencias bibliográficas: Unamuno, M. de (1904): “Religión y patria”, en “Ensayos”, tomo IV (edit. Publicaciones de la Residencia de Estudiantes, 1917) – Unamuno, M. de (1905): “La crisis actual del patriotismo español”, en “Ensayos”, tomo VI (edit. Publicaciones de la Residencia de Estudiantes, 1918) – Urquijo e Ibarra, J. de (1920): “¿Fantasía de filólogo?”, en “Revista internacional de los estudios vascos”, tomo XI, nº 1, pp. 45-47 – Meillet, A. (1928): “Les langues dans l‘Europe nouvelle” – C. Muñoz y Manzano, Viñaza conde de la (1893): “Bibliotheca histórica de la filología castellana” – Larramendi, M. de (1728): “De la antigüedad y universalidad del vascuence en España” – Larramendi, M. de (1745): “Diccionario trilingüe del castellano, vascuence y latín”, 2 tomos – Larramendi, M. de (1729): “El imposible vencido” – Simonet, F. J. (1879): “El euskaro o vascuence”, en “Ciencia Cristiana”, tomo IX, pp. 305-329 – Schuchardt, H. (1887): “Romano-baskisches”, en “Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie”, tomo XI, pp. 474-512 – Astarloa, P. P. de (1803): “Apología de la lengua vascongada

B cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients show important alterations in the expression of CD86 and FcγRIIb, which are modulated by anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy

Introduction: Several molecules help preserve peripheral B cell tolerance, but when altered, they may predispose to autoimmunity. This work studied the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 and the inhibitory receptor for IgG immune complexes FcγRIIb (CD32b), on B cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and the influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy.Methods: Peripheral B cells from 18 RA patients and 13 healthy donors were characterized using flow cytometry. Eleven patients who underwent a six-month adalimumab therapy were further assessed for phenotypic changes on their B cells.Results: RA patients exhibited a high percentage of naïve and memory B cells expressing CD86. In contrast, expression of FcγRIIb was significantly reduced on RA memory B cells and plasmablasts as compared to healthy donors, probably due to downregulation of this receptor when differentiating from naïve to memory cells. These alterations on FcγRIIb were associated with high levels