Healthcare access and quality index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

FINDINGS: Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal diseases, and lower respiratory infections among middle-SDI countries; and measles and tetanus among lowest-SDI countries. While the global HAQ Index average rose from 40·7 (95% uncertainty interval, 39·0-42·8) in 1990 to 53·7 (52·2-55·4) in 2015, far less progress occurred in narrowing the gap between observed HAQ Index values and maximum levels achieved; at the global level, the difference between the observed and frontier HAQ Index only decreased from 21·2 in 1990 to 20·1 in 2015. If every country and territory had achieved the highest observed HAQ Index by their corresponding level of SDI, the global average would have been 73·8 in 2015. Several countries, particularly in eastern and western sub-Saharan Africa, reached HAQ Index values similar to or beyond their development levels, whereas others, namely in southern sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and south Asia, lagged behind what geographies of similar development attained between 1990 and 2015

Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015

Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures

Mujeres directivas, espacio de poder y relaciones de género.

Barbera Heredia, Esther - [email protected] Sarrio Catala, Maite - [email protected] Ramos Lopez, M. Amparo [email protected];Este trabajo trata de responder dos preguntas, ambas relacionadas con el fenómeno de la segregación laboral de género y el >. La primera cuestión se interesa por conocer los motivos por los cuales mujeres bien formadas y con aspiraciones directivas no consiguen escalar en la pirámide organizacional de forma similar a como suele ocurrir con los varones. La segunda pregunta trata de indagar si son adecuados los modelos de dirección tradicionales, y por tanto masculinos, para afrontar la situación laboral actual de la manera más beneficiosa. La respuesta a estas dos preguntas nos lleva ineludiblemente a estudiar las barreras que obstaculizan el desarrollo profesional de las mujeres, por un lado, y, por otro, al análisis de la diversidad de género y del estilo directivo transformacional. Se intenta responder a ambas preguntas desde la perspectiva de género, tomando como eje transversal de análisis el sistema sexo/género, en tanto elemento conformador de la realidad social y psicológica que envuelve las relaciones laborales y el acceso al poder.This study has two main aims, both of which are related to gender segregation in the labour market and to the >. Thefirst is to establish why women with high educational qualifications and management capabilities tend not to reach the top of the organisational pyramid. The second is to investigate whether traditional management models, that is, masculine models, are able to respond effectively to the challenges of the current labour situation. To answer these two questions we will study the obstacles that women encounter in their attempts to build professional careers, and will also analyse gender diversity and the transformational management style. The starting point for the analysis is >: that is to say, the sex/gender system is taken as a cross-sectional axis in the social and psychological analysis related to labour relations and empowerment

José María Ponsoda Bravo y la imagen escultórica religiosa de su tiempo en Valencia

La presente tesis se centra en el estudio de la vida y la obra del escultor José María Ponsoda Bravo (Barcelona, 1882-Valencia, 1963), en el contexto de la imaginería valenciana de su tiempo. Valorado y apreciado en su tiempo como uno de los mejores imagineros valencianos, a raíz de su muerte, la figura de José María Ponsoda cayó en el olvido, percibiéndose un proceso de recuperación de su nombre desde los años noventa coincidiendo con el interés por la escultura en madera policromada. Juntamente con Barcelona, Valencia detentó un papel hegemónico como centro productor de imaginería con respecto a otros centros peninsulares, desde el segundo tercio del siglo XIX, como el número de obradores y trabajos realizados atestigua. De entre estos obradores destacó el de José María Ponsoda. Partiendo de unos orígenes humildes el escultor consiguió hacerse un nombre, colocándose entre los mejores imagineros valencianos de su tiempo, merced a sus denodados esfuerzos y a sus dotes artísticas. Como muchos escultores José María Ponsoda nació en el seno de una familia de extracción modesta, oriunda de Cocentaina, establecida pocos años antes en Barcelona. Decidida su vocación, la formación del joven José María comprendió como la de tantísimos escultores, los estudios académicos, cursados en la Escuela de Llotja de Barcelona entre 1895 y 1898, y el aprendizaje práctico de la técnica de la escultura, en el obrador del escultor Francisco Torrás. Establecido en Valencia en torno a 1901, prosiguió su formación ingresando en el acreditado obrador de imaginería de Damián Pastor, que debió abandonar hacia 1904. Entre 1911 y 1913 fue profesor del Instituto General y Técnico y en fecha indeterminada de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Valencia. El final de la Guerra Civil se saldó con el encargo de la restauración de la imagen de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia y de otras muchas, así como con la realización ex novo de numerosas imágenes patronales destruidas durante el conflicto. Sus últimos años transcurrieron entre el trabajo en el obrador, decantado en esta época por los encargos procedentes de la congregación de las Hermanitas de los Ancianos Desamparados. La vida de José María Ponsoda transcurrió abocada a la imaginería, y a la docencia, con cuyas actividades logro sobreponerse de los reveses familiares. En ella destacaron algunos hitos significativos como la concesión de la medalla Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice, en 1932, o el homenaje de los imagineros valencianos en 1947 por su trayectoria al frente de un acreditado obrador. Su carácter mediano, determinó una mayor intervención del maestro sobre las obras, y un magisterio más directo sobre sus discípulos que en aquellos formados por un gran número de operarios. El dominio de todos procedimientos escultóricos y la competencia entre los obradores permitió a José María Ponsoda abarcar un vasto número de géneros escultóricos y tipologías formales. En correspondencia con la religiosidad de su tiempo, los temas más demandados fueron el Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, el Crucifijo, la Purísima Concepción y San José. Sus clientes de fueron sobre todo el clero y las capas medias acomodadas. El precio de las obras dependió de su tamaño, pero también de la calidad escultórica de las mismas. La formación académica del escultor, y su paso por varios obradores de imaginería en Barcelona y Valencia le permitieron asimilar numerosas influencias en su obra. En consecuencia su estilo gravitó entre el nazarenismo catalán de su formación inicial y el neobarroco valenciano. Por todas las razones señaladas la trascendencia de su personalidad resulta paralela a la de otros imagineros españoles de su época, como Antonio Castillo Lastrucci o José Navas Parejo.This thesis focuses on the study of the life and work of the sculptor José María Ponsoda Bravo (Barcelona, 1882-Valencia, 1963), in the context of the Valencian imagery of his time. Valued and appreciated in his time as one of the best Valencian imagers, a root of his death, the figure of Jose Maria Ponsoda fell into oblivion, perceiving a process of recovery of his name since the nineties coinciding with interest in sculpture In polychrome wood. Together with Barcelona, Valencia has built a design center as a center of image with respect to other peninsular centers, since the second third of the nineteenth century as the number of workers and works performed. Among these workers was the one by José María Ponsoda. Starting from a humble origins the sculptor managed to get a name by placing himself among the best Valencian imagers of his time, thanks to his bold efforts and artistic gifts. Like many sculptors, José María Ponsoda was born into a modest extraction family from Cocentaina, established a few years earlier in Barcelona. Determined his vocation, the formation of the young Jose Maria understood how the many sculptors, the academic studies, studied in the School of Llotja of Barcelona between 1895 and 1898, and the practical learning of the technique of the sculpture, in the workman of the sculptor Francisco Torras. Established in Valencia around 1901, he continued his training entering Damián Pastor's creator of imaginary work, which he had to leave in 1904. Between 1911 and 1913 he was professor of the General and Technical Institute and at the indeterminate date of the School of Arts and Offices Of Valencia. The end of the Civil War with the commission of the restoration of the image of the Virgin of the Desamparados of Valencia and many others, as well as the realization of new images of the patterns destroyed during the conflict. His last years passed between work in the obrador, decanted in this time by the orders coming from the congregation of the Sisters of the Desamparados Elders. The life of José María Ponsoda is a company dedicated to imagery and teaching. It emphasizes some important milestones such as the Medal Pro Ecclesia and Pontifice, in 1932, or the homage of the Valencian imaginary in 1947 for his career in front of an accredited worker. Its medium character, determined a greater intervention of the master on the works, and a more direct teaching on his disciples than in those formed by a large number of workers. The mastery of all sculptural procedures and the competition between the workers allowed José María Ponsoda to cover a vast number of sculptural genres and formal typologies. In correspondence with the religiosity of his time, the subjects most demanded were the Sacred Heart of Jesus, the Crucifix, the Purísima Concepción and San José. His clients all over the clergy and the middle layers accommodated. The price of the works depended on their size, but also on the sculptural quality of them. The academic formation of the sculptor, and his passage through various imagery workers in Barcelona and Valencia, allowed the assimilating influences in his work. In his event gravitated between the Catalan Nazareneism of his initial formation and the Valencian neobarroco. For all the reasons mentioned, the transcendence of his personality parallels that of other Spanish artists of his time, such as Antonio Castillo Lastrucci or José Navas Parejo