Climate change mitigation in developing countries: a critical assessment of the clean development mechanism

In this groundbreaking book, Paula Castro presents the first systematic categorization of positive and negative incentives generated by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for climate change mitigation in the Global South. To reduce the cost of meeting their greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized countries may rely on the CDM, a market instrument that allows them to count emission reductions from projects in developing countries as their own. Presented in four core empirical chapters, the book critically reviews whether and how the CDM creates incentives or disincentives for developing country action towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and draws lessons for the future international climate change regime. Recommendations and discussion on the reform of the CDM invoke debate on the future of this policy in developing countries, which is vital material for both policy makers and international institutions introducing similar instruments. Students and researchers working on topics related to environmental politics, climate policy, environmental economics and environmental science will also find this resource invaluable

Common But Differentiated Responsibilities Beyond the Nation State: how Is Differential Treatment Addressed in Transnational Climate Governance Initiatives?

Many multilateral environmental agreements have adopted differentiated rules for different countries, based on the recognition of the ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ (CBDRs) of states. By establishing two rigid groups of countries with and without emissions reduction obligations, the intergovernmental climate regime represents the most extreme case of such differentiation. The regime has struggled to overcome this rigidity and the resulting political deadlock between developing and developed countries. Transnational climate governance (TCG) initiatives have emerged as an alternative to provide mitigation, adaptation or finance outside the multilateral process. By drawing on synergies between public and private actors, it is hoped that they overcome the paralysis of the intergovernmental process. Yet, they take place in the same world of unequal peers, with different levels of capacity and responsibility for climate change. This article investigates the extent to which such TCG initiatives reflect the CBDR principle. Do different types of initiative – involving different types of actor or with different climate-related goals – address differentiation in distinct ways? Does taking account of CBDRs affect the membership of transnational initiatives? This article explores these questions empirically by analyzing a sample of TCG initiatives in terms of how they include differential treatment of states and non-state members. It concludes that TCG initiatives address differentiation in a pragmatic way. Most frequently, they either offer participants flexibility in how to implement their commitments, or provide support to members from developing countries. Such support is, so far, still insufficient to address the limited involvement of developing country actors

Multinational enterprises and training revisited: do international standards matter?

Several studies have examined the determinants of training in developing countries but only few have paid attention to the potential importance of international standards such as ISO 9000 or ISO 14000 on the firm's training decision. This paper examines training determinants using recent employer surveys for four developing countries, Honduras, Indonesia, Morocco and Nicaragua. We find that ISO certification status is an important determinant of training, even after controlling for other characteristics such as workers'formal schooling, firm size, industry and foreign ownership. This points towards the importance of product quality and production standards for firm training. The paper also discusses policy implications related to the findings and provides directions for further research.Labor Standards,Teaching and Learning,Gender and Education,Tertiary Education,ICT Policy and Strategies

El método del caso aplicado a las ciencias jurídicas

En el marco en el que actualmente se encuentra nuestra Universidad, en la que el Plan Bolonia lleva funcionando unos años, los estudiantes comienzan a mostrar considerables deficiencias, puestas en evidencia tras las evaluaciones desarrolladas durante estos primeros cursos. Ha sido este el motivo del inicio de nuestro proyecto, el cual pretende recuperar las competencias y destrezas que los alumnos del plan anterior habían desarrollado, implementándolas con nuevas técnicas que acabarán convirtiendo al alumno en un buen gestor y en un mejor analista de los casos que se le van a ir planteando a lo largo no solamente del curso académico sino, más adelante, a lo largo de su vida profesional. La adquisición de competencias en el ámbito de la práctica jurídica se desarrollará a través del estudio de casos reales. De esta forma, el alumno, no sólo conseguirá formarse teóricamente, sino que pondrá en práctica todo aquello que vaya aprendiendo a lo largo del curso y a lo largo de los años. Para ello, deberán utilizar una serie de técnicas, hasta ahora bastante olvidadas en nuestras Facultades, entre las que destacará la oratoria.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

PreLectO: An App for Cognitive Stimulation through Games in Early Childhood

Presented at the 4th XoveTIC Conference, A Coruña, Spain, 7–8 October 2021.[Abstract] The goal of this work was to develop a mobile application for Android devices, with the objective of stimulating the cognitive skills of children from 0 to 6 years old who are suffering from learning disabilities, while focusing on the most common learning impediments such as reading and writing disorders. This application is based on games specifically designed to meet the needs of this group. For this purpose, we collaborated with professionals from an organization in the area of A Coruña who established the functional requirements of the application and carried out the validation tests. The application monitored the progress of its users, thus allowing the therapists to track them and adapt the training program to each of their individual needs.This work was funded by the Xunta de Galicia (through grant ED431C 2020/15, and grant ED431G 2019/01 to support the Centro de Investigación de Galicia “CITIC”), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain (through grants RED2018-102668-T and PID2019-104958RB-C42), and ERDF funds of the European Union (FEDER Galicia 2014–2020 and AEI/FEDER Programs, EU).Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/15Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/0