Alfabetización crítica temprana: Cómo se trata la diversidad en los cuentos populares y en los libros innovadores. Un análisis multimodal de imágenes y lenguaje.

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene como objetivo iniciar al alumnado del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil hacia una temprana alfabetización crítica con el motivo de educar a las futuras generaciones de jóvenes estudiantes con pensamiento crítico y teniendo en cuenta la diversidad y la inclusión dentro de las aulas. Para conseguir este objetivo, se ha propuesto un proyecto semestral de intervención e innovación basado en la alfabetización crítica donde, a través de la lengua extranjera, se pretende comparar cuentos tradicionales y libros innovadores para así conseguir poco a poco el desarrollo y la adquisición de esta alfabetización crítica, y por ende desarrollar la competencia comunicativa e intercultural en la L2. La metodología que seguirá todo el proyecto está basada en enfoques pedagógicos como la instrucción basada en contenido, la instrucción basada en tareas y AICLE.This dissertation aims to initiate the students of the second cycle of Early Childhood Education into an early critical literacy with the aim of educating future generations of young students with critical thinking and taking into account diversity and inclusion within the classrooms. To achieve this objective, a semestral intervention and innovation project based on critical literacy has been proposed where, through the foreign language, it is intended to compare traditional fairy tales and innovative books in order to gradually achieve the development and acquisition of this critical literacy, and therefore develop communicative and intercultural competence in L2. The methodology that the entire project will follow isbased on pedagogical approaches such as content-based instruction, task-based instruction, and CLIL.<br /

Universidades ‘glocales’: servir al territorio, internacionalizar la actividad

En la historia de la universidad siempre han coexistido la relevancia de su presencia en el desarrollo del territorio local donde se instala con la naturaleza universal de su razón fundamental de ser. En este artículo se describen los diferentes modelos por los que la universidad ha transitado a lo largo de su historia y se discute el trascendental momento actual en relación con la dualidad expresada: la necesidad de cada universidad de servir al territorio local participando como nodo de una red universitaria global. Para este propósito, las alianzas universitarias internacionales han aparecido, desde hace relativamente poco tiempo, como plataformas efectivas al servicio de este loable objetivo

Adsorption behaviour of the binary mixtures of octane and nonane at sub-monolayer coverage on graphite

The behaviour of binary mixtures of octane and nonane adsorbed on graphite has been investigated with a combination of adiabatic calorimetry and neutron di†raction. In contrast to the eutectic behaviour of monolayers of these materials at higher coverages, this combination of alkanes is found to form mixed crystals on the surface over an extensive composition range at the sub-monolayer coverages investigated here. In the mixed phase the shorter octane molecules are incorporated into the lattice of the longer nonane molecules. This incorporation occurs despite pure octane and nonane monolayers having di†erent symmetries and is attributed to the expanded nature of the submonolayer phases, relative to higher coverage monolayers, providing room for mixed crystal formation

Interaction of Eu-isotopes with saponite as a component of the engineered barrier

Bentonite is accepted as the best clay material in the engineered barrier of deep geological repositories (DGRs) for radioactive waste disposal. In recent years, the interactions between a wide range of rare-earth (REE) cations and smectites have been studied. A combined study of stable europium and radioactive isotopes is reported here. Saponite was subjected to hydrothermal reactions with stable and radioactive (152Eu) europium ions under subcritical conditions. The structural changes of saponite were evaluated by XRD and SEM. The effect of temperature and reaction time on the changes was quantified by measuring 152Eu through gamma spectrometry. The reaction between europium and saponite was a first-order reaction. The presence of Eu in the precipitate in an amount much higher than the cation exchange capacity of saponite confirmed participation of chemical reactions or surface adsorption in the europium immobilization, even at temperatures as low as 150°C. The reaction rate constant indicated that an 8- to 9-month period was needed for the completion, without significant changes, of the europium/saponite chemical reaction under the subcritical conditions of 200°C and 350°C.Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino 300/PC08/3-01.1Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica CTQ2010-1487

A new route of synthesis of Na-Mica-4 from sodalite

Synthesis of Na-Mica-4 has been achieved by a ``mix and calcine¿¿ method using sodalite and magnesium fluoride as the only precursors. Previous research found sodalite as a key intermediate reaction product in the formation of Na-Mica-4 when the NaCl melt method was employed. Similarities in structure, chemical composition and cation distribution in products using the proposed method and the NaCl melt method are described and suggest that Na-Mica-4 is a very stable product. The use of sodalite as precursor provokes microporous formation in the final mica. The absence of excess Na leads to a lower particle size and to the presence of less impurity in the calcined product. Different sodalites could be used in the synthesis of different Na-Mica-4 with presumably different physicochemical propertiesPeer Reviewe

The crystalline structures of the even alkanes hexane, octane, decane, dodecane and tetradecane monolayers adsorbed on graphite at submonolayer coverages and from the liquid

Neutron and X-ray diffraction have been used to structurally characterise the crystalline monolayer structures of hexane, octane, decane, dodecane and tetradecane adsorbed on graphite at sub-monolayer coverages and when coexisting with liquid alkane. The structures of all the molecules investigated at both coverages and low temperatures are isomorphous with rectangular unit cells of plane group pgg containing two molecules per cell. In both high- and low-coverage structures the molecules have their extended axes parallel to the surface. The plane of the carbon skeleton is found to be parallel to the graphite surface. The monolayers at sub-monolayer coverages are interpreted as uniaxially commensurate while those monolayers coexisting with the liquid are fully commensurate. Dodecane and tetradecane are exceptional: dodecane forms additional phases at high temperatures just prior to melting, at both low and high coverages. In these structures the molecules in the unit cell are parallel to each other with plane group cmm. Tetradecane only forms a single phase at high coverages in which the molecules appear to be parallel and upright, similar to the dodecane high temperature, high coverage phase

Interaction of hydrated cations with mica-n (n = 2, 3 and 4) surface

High charged swelling micas, with layer charge between 2 and 4, have been found to readily swell with water, and complete cation exchange (CEC) can be achieved. Because of their high CEC, applications like radioactive cation fixation or removal of heavy metal cations from wastewater were proposed. Their applicability can be controlled by the location of the interlayer cation in a confined space with a high electric field. In synthetic brittle micas, the interlayer cation has a low water coordination number; therefore, their coordination sphere would be completed by the basal oxygen of the tetrahedral layer as inner-sphere complexes (ISC). However, no direct evidence of these complexes formation in brittle micas has been reported yet. In this contribution, we mainly focus on the understanding the mechanisms that provoke the formation of ISC in high charge swelling micas, Mica-n. A whole series of cations (X) were used to explore the influence of the charge and size of the interlayer cation. Three brittle swelling micas, Mica-n (n = 4, 3 and 2), were selected in order to analyze the influence of the layer charge in the formation of ISC. The contribution of the ISC has been analyzed thorough the evolution of the 060 reflection and the changes in the short-range order of the tetrahedral cations will be followed 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR. The results showed that ISC was favored in X-Mica-4 and that provoked a high distortion angle between the Si-Al tetrahedra. When the content of aluminum decreases, the electrostatic forces between the layers are relaxed, and the hydrated cations did not interact so strongly with the tetrahedral sheet, having the opportunity to complete their hydration sphere. © 2014 American Chemical Society.Peer Reviewe

Monolayer arrangement of fatty hydroxystearic acids on graphite: Influence of hydroxyl groups

Previous studies have indicated that long-chain linear carboxylic acids form commensurate packed crystalline monolayers on graphite even at temperatures above their melting point. This study examines the effect on the monolayer formation and structure of adding one or more secondary hydroxyl, functional groups to the stearic acid skeleton (namely, 12-hydroxystearic and 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid). Moreover, a comparative study of the monolayer formation on recompressed and monocrystalline graphite has been performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), respectively. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and XRD data were used to confirm the formation of solid monolayers and XRD data have provided a detailed structural analysis of the monolayers in good correspondence with obtained STM images. DSC and XRD have demonstrated that, in stearic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid adsorbed onto graphite, the monolayer melted at a higher temperature than the bulk form of the carboxylic acid. However, no difference was observed between the melting point of the monolayer and the bulk form for 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid adsorbed onto graphite. STM results indicated that all acids on the surface have a rectangular p2 monolayer structure, whose lattice parameters were uniaxially commensurate on the a-axis. This structure does not correlate with the initial structure of the pure compounds after dissolving, but it is conditioned to favor a) hydrogen bond formation between the carboxylic groups and b) formation of hydrogen bonds between secondary hydroxyl groups, if spatially permissible. Therefore, the presence of hydroxyl functional groups affects the secondary structure and behavior of stearic acid in the monolayer.Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica CTQ 2010-14874, CTQ 2011-2429

Thermal stability of Trancos montmorillonite pillared by alumina and alumina-lanthana

Se ha investigado el efecto de diversos tratamientos térmicos sobre la estructura porosa de una montmorillonita denominada Trancos que dan lugar a pilares de óxido de aluminio una, y óxido de aluminio-lantano, la otra. Para ello, se han usado las técnicas de difracción de rayos X, adsorción de nitrógeno, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopia infrarroja de transformada de Fourier. Los diagramas de difracción de rayos X de las muestras iniciales presentan espaciados basales ligeramente superiores a 18 Â. £1 óxido de lantano posee un efecto negativo sobre la estabilidad térmica de los pilares, pero aumenta la acidez de tipo Brönsted en la muestra no tratada.The effect of various thermal treatments on the porous structure of Trancos montmorillonite which give rise to pillars of alumina and alumina-lanthana was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD patterns of the original samples correspond to a basal spacing slightly higher 18 Â. The lanthana causes a negative effect on the thermal stability of the pillars but it enhances the Brönsted acidity of the fresh sample